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Biomedical subjects

K Shimada

Publications and source records attributed to K Shimada.

At least 1,495 records · Page 83Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Level of complement activity and components C1, C4, C2, and C3 in complement response to bacterial challenge in malnourished rats.

In experimentally induced malnutrition in rats, there was no significant difference between the measured level of complement activity of the classical pathway (50% hemolytic complement [CH50]) and that of the alternative pathway (ACH50), although the levels of complement components C1, C4, C2, and C3 were depressed significantly. The complement activity showed a temporary elevation with a peak at 2 or 3 days after bacterial challenge with Staphylococcus aureus in rats, and we call this the complement response. After 3 days, CH50 and C3 in the malnourished rats and ACH50, CH50, and C3 in the well-nourished rats showed a significant increase, and C1, C4, and C2 in both groups tended to elevate. On the basis of these observations, the significance of the elevation of C3 in the complement response to bacterial infection showed a strong influence by enhancing the activation of both the classical and the alternative pathways, since C3 is known to be the junction of both complement pathways. In this way, C3 responded to an earlier stage than did the other components and may contribute to maintaining the body defense system against infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Bacteriology of acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis of the aged.

Bacteriological examination was performed on bile from 23 patients with acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis. Of 23 bile cultures, 15 yielded aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and 8 yielded aerobic bacteria only. No specimen grew anaerobic bacteria only. A total of 20 cultures yielded a polymicrobial flora, and 3 cultures grew one single aerobic bacterium. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., enterococci, Bacteroids fragilis, and Clostridium perfringens were the predominant bacterial flora in bile of these patients. Bacteremia was documented in 10 of the 12 patients cultured. All bacteremias involved aerobic bacteria and were polymicrobial in three patients. The frequent presence of anaerobes in bile of patients with acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis suggests that antimicrobial therapy should provide adequate coverage for anaerobic bacteria and enteric organisms.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Involvement of cell surface heparin sulfate in the binding of lipoprotein lipase to cultured bovine endothelial cells.

It has been postulated that lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme important in the uptake of fatty acids into tissues, is bound to the vascular endothelial cell surface and that this binding occurs through attachment to heparinlike glycosaminoglycans. Furthermore, it is thought that heparin releases the enzyme from its attachment to the endothelium into the circulation. These hypotheses have never been tested directly in cell systems in vitro. In the present study we have directly evaluated the interaction of lipoprotein lipase, purified from bovine skim milk with monolayer cultures of endothelial cells, isolated from bovine pulmonary artery. Endothelial cells in primary culture had no intrinsic lipoprotein lipase activity but were able to bind lipoprotein lipase quantitatively. The binding reached equilibrium and was saturable at 0.24 nmol of lipoprotein lipase/mg of cell protein. The concentration of lipoprotein lipase at half-maximal binding was 0.52 microM. Bound lipoprotein lipase could be detached from cultured cells by increasing concentrations of heparin, and at and above 0.6 microgram/ml of heparin, 90% of the cell-bound lipoprotein lipase activity was released. Heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate released the enzyme to a lesser extent and chondroitin sulfate caused little, if any, release of lipoprotein lipase. The release of lipoprotein lipase with heparin was not associated with a release of [3S]glycosaminoglycans from 35S-prelabeled cells. Reductions of lipoprotein lipase binding to endothelial cells and of cell surface-associated [3S]glycosaminoglycans in 35S-prelabeled cells occurred in parallel both when cells were pretreated with crude Flavobacterium heparinum enzyme before lipoprotein lipase binding and when cells were treated with this enzyme after lipoprotein lipase binding. The removal of heparan sulfate from the cell surface by purified heparinase totally inhibited the binding of lipoprotein lipase by endothelial cells, but the removal of chondroitin sulfate by chondroitin ABC lyase had no effect on this binding. These results provide direct evidence for lipoprotein lipase attachment to endothelial cells through heparan sulfate on the cell surface, and provide evidence for the release of lipoprotein lipase by heparin through a detachment from this binding site.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Combination therapy using 9,3"-di-O-acetyl-midecamycin with beta-lactam antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

The combined effect of beta-lactam antibiotics and 9,3"-di-O-acetylmidecamycin were examined in 10 patients diagnosed as having chronic respiratory tract infections and complicated urinary tract infections. Patients were initially treated with 3 to 10 g/day of beta-lactams as intravenous infusions or by oral route for a certain period, after which period they were treated concurrently with 0.3 to 0.9 g/day of 9,3"-di-O-acetylmidecamycin by oral route. Through this combination therapy eradication of P. aeruginosa was obtained in 2 cases and remarkable decrease in another 2 cases out of the 10 cases. This combination therapy was judged to be effective in these 4 cases. Of the remaining cases, P. aeruginosa was eliminated before the start of the combination therapy in 3 cases, and no change in bacterial count was noted after the combination therapy in the other 3 cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Experimental and clinical studies of cefatrizine in oral infections (author's transl)].

Investigation was made on the therapeutic effect of a new antibiotic, cefatrizine(CFT), in oral infections according to the following procedure. Results are summarized as follows. Determination was made on the MIC of CFT against 8 clinical isolates of S. epidermidis, 5 of S. aureus and 7 of E. coli in comparison with those of CEX and PBPC. MICs of CFT against S aures were demonstrated 3.13 to 6.25 mcg/ml which were superior to those of CEX and ABPC. CFT was administered orally in a dose of 500 mg at an hour and a half before the extraction of the impacted wisdom tooth in the mandibula. During the operation, gingival and blood specimens were collected and each CFT level was determined. The mean CFT level in the gingiva reached to 0.95 mcg/ml and that in the blood to 5.77 mcg/ml. According to these experimental results, CFT was administered to patients with moderate oral infection at a dose of 500 mg and clinical assessment was made according to the criteria established by Japanese Society of Oral Surgeons. As the results, the effectiveness rate of CFT was 85%. No serious side effect was observed. From the results of the present study, CFT may be effective for moderate oral surgery infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Expression of prokaryotic genes inserted into ColE1 and pVH51 plasmids.

One of the DNA fragments obtained from EcoRI digests of guaA-transducing lambda phage DNA contains the intact bacterial guaA gene at its one end and the lambda phage R gene at the other end. This DNA fragment, named coslambda-guaA, does not contain promoter-operator regions of the gua operon and of the lambda phage R gene, coslambda-guaA DNA fragments were inserted in two different orientations into respective DNAs of EcoRI-cleaved ColE1 and pVH151 (= mini ColE1). Mitomycin C stimulated the guaA enzyme production in the cells harboring the hybrid plasmids with one coslambda-guaA DNA fragment insertion orientation (orientation I), but not the other (orientation II). The lambda-endolysin, product of the lambda phage R gene, was induced by mitomycin C treatment in orientation II, but it was not detected in orientation I. These results suggest that both ColE1 and pVH51 DNAs contain the mitomycin C-responsive promoter which allows transcription of the genes connected with these DNAs.

Bacteriophage lambda↗
PubMed1980

Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatographic determinations of aminopyrine and its metabolites in man.

A quantitative high-performance liquid chromatographic method, using a polystyrene-divinyl benzene (Hitachi No. 3010 gel) column and aqueous methanol as the mobile phase, was employed for the determination of aminopyrine and its related compounds, 4-acetyl-aminoantipyrine, 4-aminoantipyrine and 4-monomethylaminoantipyrine. Baseline separation could be achieved within 25 min. The method was applied to the recovery of these materials from control urine and human urine. Before separation human urine was adjusted to pH 9 and extracted with ethyl acetate, chloroform and diethyl ether.

Adult↗