Two patients presented with ulcerative lesions of the hypopharynx. One patient developed dysphagia due to a stenotic hypopharynx which followed an ulcerating mucosal lesion. The stenotic site was reconstructed using a subcutaneous pedicle flap. The advantages of this method are possibility of a one-stage operation and a good cosmetic result. In our review of the medical literature, we were unable to find other cases with a similar manifestation treated by surgery. The most likely diagnostic possibilities are Behçet's disease and Crohn's disease. Differential diagnoses are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The response of serum glucose, free fatty acid and immunoreactive insulin to oral glucose and intravenous tolbutamide in normal, potentially diabetic and diabetic subjects].

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Blood Glucose↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Alterations of plasma immunoreactive glucagon-like peptide-1 behavior in non-insulin-dependent diabetics.

The basal level of plasma immunoreactive glucagon-like peptide-1 (IR GLP-1) was significantly elevated in non-insulin-dependent diabetics (NIDD), and this elevation of IR GLP-1 was mainly due to an increase in the large component of IR GLP-1, corresponding to the pancreatic form. During the oral glucose-tolerance test (OGTT), the total plasma IR GLP-1 decreased in normal subjects but increased significantly in diabetic patients. Chromatographic analysis showed that IR GLP-1 consisted of several different molecular forms. OGTT caused a decrease in the pancreatic form but increased the intestinal form in normal subject, resulting into a net decrease in total plasma IR GLP-1. Whereas in NIDD the increase in the intestinal form was more prominent and the suppression of the pancreatic form was practically abolished to result in a net increase of total plasma IR GLP-1. This observation is consistent with the fact that in normal subjects the total change in IR GLP-1 was significantly correlated with both the total change of gut glucagon as well as that of pancreatic glucagon, but in diabetics the total change of GLP-1 only correlated to that of gut glucagon. The impaired suppression of pancreatic GLP-1 and enhanced release of intestinal GLP-1 could have some physiological importance in NIDD.

Blood Glucose↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Polymorphism of HSP70 gene is not associated with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Japanese.

Heat shock protein (HSP) 70 is one of the stress-induced proteins and a candidate for islet autoantigen of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Association of PstI-8.5 kb allele of HSP70 gene with Type 1 diabetes was previously reported in the Caucasian population. Since HSP70 gene is located in the class III region of HLA, the association may be due to the linkage disequilibrium between class II HLA and HSP70 genes. To study whether HSP70 gene is associated with Type 1 diabetes independent of class II HLA genes, we analyzed both HSP70 gene and class II HLA genes in 32 Japanese patients with Type 1 diabetes and 31 control subjects. By Southern blot hybridization with restriction enzyme PstI and HSP70 genomic probe, two allelic bands, 9.0 kb and 8.5 kb, were detected as reported in the Caucasian population. The allele frequencies of 8.5 kb in Type 1 diabetic patients and normal controls were 0.39 and 0.44, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups. On the other hand, by PCR-RFLP analysis, DQA1*0301, DQB1*0303 and DQB1*0401 alleles were positively associated with Type 1 diabetes and DQA1*01 was negatively associated with Type 1 diabetes. These data suggest that the polymorphism of HSP70 gene was not associated with Type 1 diabetes in the Japanese population, and that association of PstI-8.5 kb allele with Type 1 diabetes observed in Caucasian population appears to be due to the linkage disequilibrium between this allele and HLA-DR3.

Alleles↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Spontaneous activity, sleep, and body temperature in rats lacking the CCK-A receptor.

Because of a genetic mutation, the Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat, a model for human non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), shows no expression of the CCK-A receptor gene. We investigated the spontaneous physical activity, sleep, and body temperature in young OLETF rats that had not yet developed diabetes mellitus, and compared these data with age-matched control LETO (non-diabetic strain, Long-Evans-Tokushima-Otsuka) rats. The amount of large movements during the dark phase for the OLETF rats was significantly less than that of control rats. Thus, the amounts of total daily large movement and the ratio of dark-to-light phase movement in the OLETF rats were less than those of control rats, although the amount of small movement was similar for both groups. The diurnal rhythm of body temperature was similar for both groups. In addition, the amount of and circadian rhythm for each vigilance state and slow-wave activity were similar for the two groups. This study demonstrates that the CCK-A receptor might play a role in affecting the level of motor activity, adding hyperphagia, and the circadian rhythm of large movement in these rats prior to the manifestation of NIDDM. In contrast, a CCK-A receptor deficiency does not appear to affect sleep or body temperature in these rats.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The normal range of the plasma immunoreactive glucagon level during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test.

In order to establish a normal value of plasma glucagon immunoreactivity (GI) and glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) during a newly adopted 75 g OGTT, 50 normals (N), 102 individuals with IGT and 20 diabetics (D) were subjected to the OGTT, and their plasma GI and GLI levels were determined at various intervals by radioimmunoassay using 2 kinds of the C-terminal region specific antibody, OAL123 and 30K, and of the antibody specific for the N-terminal and/or central region of glucagon, OAL196, respectively. The basal levels of OAL123-GI and 30K-GI and OAL196-GLI in the 3 groups were as follows; N, 114.3, 80.8, and 335.5; IGT, 107.6, 76.1, and 338.5; and D, 135.7, 76.9, and 342.2 pg/ml. After glucose administration, a significant decrease in plasma GI and increase in plasma GLI were observed in the 3 groups, although their changes from the basal levels were variable. The plasma samples of inexplicably high GI concentration were chromatographed to clarify the nature of the hyperglucagonemia. The apparent GI was mostly eluted in the Vo component, but negligibly at the 3500 mol.wt. glucagon fraction. There was a marked difference in the Vo peak depending upon the antiserum used. These facts suggest that plasma GI values are dependent on the amount of BPG present in particular samples, and the antibody used.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitor administration to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats on insulin and glucagon contents in their pancreas.

This study was conducted in order to clarify whether the poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitors, nicotinamide and 3-aminobenzamide, have any influence upon the content and physicochemical properties of insulin and glucagon in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rat pancreas. STZ-treated rats received intraperitoneal injection of 350 mg/kg nicotinamide or 50 mg/kg 3-aminobenzamide 15 min before and 180 min after the administration of STZ and once a day thereafter for 23 weeks. The blood glucose levels and body weight of nicotinamide- and 3-aminobenzamide-treated rats did not differ from those of the control rats at the end of the experiment. The insulin content in poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitor-treated rat pancreas was restored partially and reached approximately 60% of the control level, while the glucagon content did not differ from that in the normal rats. Treatment with poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitor resulted in no alteration in the physicochemical properties of extracted insulin and glucagon. Immunohistological examination of the pancreas revealed that insulin- and glucagon-containing cells in the islets in the poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitor-treated rat appeared to be normalized. These results suggest that poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitor normalizes the function but not the insulin content of B cells and that it does not act on A cells in STZ-treated rat pancreas. Restoration of the insulin content would be large enough to keep the function of B cells normal.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Involvement of NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in motor task-related activity in the primary and secondary cortical motor areas of the monkey.

The involvement of the NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in the task-related neuronal activity of the primary motor cortex (MI), premotor cortex (PM), supplementary motor area (SMA), and an area rostral to the SMA (pre-SMA) of two monkeys (Macaca fuscata) was examined during performance of a trained motor task. The selective NMDA antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) and the non-NMDA antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) were iontophoretically applied to motor task-related neurons. A total of 568 task-related neurons (435 movement related, 83 set related, 50 mixed type) were recorded from the MI, PM, SMA, and pre-SMA, and the effects of APV and CNQX were examined in the individual neurons. In many neurons, APV selectively or preferentially suppressed the spontaneous discharge rather than movement-related activity. In many neurons, the movement-related activity was more selectively or effectively suppressed by CNQX than by APV. However, the set-related activity was affected by both APV and CNQX. The neurons in layers I and II were affected more strongly by APV and CNQX than those in layers V and VI. No correlation was found between the magnitude of task-related activity in the control (no drug application) period and the effectiveness of APV or CNQX. These results indicate that both NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptors are involved in motor task-related neuronal activity of both primary and secondary motor areas, although the contribution of these two receptors to individual neuronal activity varies a great deal.

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

An experience of stereotactic radiation therapy for primary intracranial choriocarcinoma.

We report on a patient with choriocarcinoma in the pineal region who was successfully treated with stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT). The increased level of serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was lowered during chemotherapy with etoposide, cisplatin, and ifosfamide. However, HCG was not normalized and magnetic resonance images still showed an enhanced tumor mass with gadolinium. The patient underwent SRT of 40 Gy at an 80% isodose line per 10 fractions over two weeks, followed by conventional craniospinal irradiation of 32.4 Gy. The level of HCG dropped below the detection limit. The patient has been in good condition for more than four years after the completion of treatment, without any signs of recurrence. We propose SRT as a valid treatment option for malignant germ cell tumors in the pineal region.

Adult↗