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Biomedical subjects

K Shima

Publications and source records attributed to K Shima.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Local cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism in hydrostatic brain oedema.

Two hydrostatic factors such as acute hypertension and decompressive craniectomy were chosen and assessment was focused on how the hydrostatic pressure gradient altered the cerebrovascular dynamics and metabolism during the process of development of brain oedema. Hydrostatic oedema was induced by bolus injection of autologous blood through the common carotid artery in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were divided into two groups, one with craniectomy (Cr+) and the other without craniectomy (Cr-). Animals were sacrificed immediately, 24 and 48 h after the hypertensive insult. Brain water content was determined by the gravimetric method. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and glucose metabolism (1CGU) were measured by quantitative autoradiographic methods using 14C-iodoantipyrine and 14C-deoxyglucose, respectively. The hypertensive insult produced multifocal lesions stained by Evans blue. In the brains of the Cr- group, there was a transient increase in water content and no significant change of rCBF and 1CGU. In the Cr+ group, the increase in water content was pronounced and continued until 48 h later. In addition, misery perfusion was observed at 24 h after the insult and both rCBF and 1CGU were significantly decreased after 48 h. These results indicate that the increased hydrostatic pressure gradient enhances tissue damage and causes the reopening of blood-brain barrier.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Post-ischaemic treatment with the prostacycline analogue TTC-909 reduces ischaemic brain injury.

The effects of stable PGI analogue TTC-909 on CBF and glucose metabolism was studied in the chronic stage of cerebral ischaemia produced by occluding the distal MCA in SHRSP. Administration of TTC-909 (100 ng/kg/day during 7 days) prevented the development of ischaemic oedema and improved secondary metabolic derangement coupled to flow in postischaemic tissues, particularly in the ischaemic rim.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The benefit of cisplatin-based polychemotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the lung. The Kyushu Lung Cancer Chemotherapy Study Group.

We studied the efficacy of cisplatin-based polychemotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the lung. A total of 136 patients were randomized for treatment with either cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, cisplatin and mitomycin C (CAPM) or mitomycin C, cytosine arabinoside and tegafur (MCT). Radiation was given to the chests of patients at stage III. The differences in the response rate (35% in the CAPM arm and 13% in the MCT arm) were statistically significant (P less than 0.01). However, the significant difference was observed in stage-IV patients (CAPM, 33%; MCT, 4%; P less than 0.001) and not in stage-III patients (CAPM, 40%; MCT, 40%). The median period of survival was 9.5 months for the CAPM arm and 5.5 months for the MCT arm (P less than 0.035, Wilcoxon-Gehan test; P less than 0.1, log-rank test). Improved median survival for the CAPM regimen was demonstrated only by stage-IV patients (CAPM, 10 months; MCT, 5.5 months; P less than 0.025, Wilcoxon-Gehan test; P less than 0.05, log-rank test). The duration of the response, including PRs and NCs, was significantly different depending on the treatment, showing 5 months for the CAPM arm and 3 months for the MCT arm (P less than 0.05). The significant difference was also only observed in stage-IV patients. Myelosuppression was more severe with CAPM than with the MCT regimen. Nausea and vomiting were significantly increased in patients receiving the CAPM regimen. However, all toxicities were acceptable and there were no treatment-related deaths. We concluded that cisplatin-based chemotherapy, CAPM therapy, was of more benefit to patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung than MCT therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical localization of glycated protein in diabetic rat kidney.

The localization of glycated protein in the kidney of diabetic rats was examined immunohistochemically with antiserum against glucitol-lysine. In diabetic rats the brush border and basement membrane of the proximal convoluted tubules were strongly immunoreactive with the antiserum but in control rats, only the brush border was weakly reactive. The immunoreactive tubules were more abundant in diabetic rats. No immunoreaction was found in any other structures in the kidney. Glycation of the proximal convoluted tubules may be an alteration in diabetic nephropathy.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Aspartic acid at position 57 of the HLA-DQ beta chain is not protective against insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Japanese people.

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Caucasians is closely associated with the HLA-DQ gene, especially the residue 57 of the DQ beta chain. Aspartic acid at this position provides protection against IDDM, and substitution of this residue by alanine, valine or serine increases susceptibility to IDDM. To determine whether this is a common feature of IDDM in different ethnic groups, we studied DQB1 DNA in Japanese patients with IDDM by polymerase chain reaction and non-radioactive restriction site analysis. In contrast to Caucasian patients with IDDM, most Japanese patients with IDDM possessed at least one aspartic acid at position 57 of DQ beta. This finding strongly suggests that aspartic acid at position 57 of DQ beta does not protect the Japanese from IDDM.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

Metabolism of intravenously administered maltose in renal tubules in humans.

To investigate how urinary excretion rates (UERs) of maltose and glucose are determined after intravenous maltose infusion, maltose and glucose solutions were infused at various rates and the relationships between UERs of maltose and glucose and their plasma concentrations were examined. Results showed the existence of a threshold plasma maltose concentration for the urinary excretions of maltose and glucose and the existence of a maximum rate of urinary glucose excretion after maltose infusion. Elevation of plasma glucose concentration by simultaneous glucose infusion increased urinary glucose excretion but did not increase urinary maltose excretion; the relationship between plasma total sugar concentration and urinary total sugar excretion was unchanged. Results suggest that maltose administered intravenously is hydrolyzed to glucose by maltase in renal tubules and reabsorbed as glucose competitively with glucose derived from plasma and that the maximum utilization of intravenously infused maltose is determined by the tubular glucose reabsorption capacity.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Serum levels of glycated albumin in non-diabetic and insulin-dependent diabetic children.

The serum levels of glycated albumin (GA) in 83 non-diabetic children and 26 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In non-diabetic children over one year, the GA levels were found to be uninfluenced by age, while the fructosamine (FRA) levels increased with age. The mean level of GA in IDDM children was 39.1 +/- 9.1%, which was significantly higher than in non-diabetic children with values of 16.1 +/- 1.1% (p less than 0.01). The GA levels of non-diabetic and IDDM children did not overlap, whereas their FRA levels did overlap. The GA levels correlated with HbAlc levels (r = 0.74, p less than 0.01) and FRA levels (r = 0.66, p less than 0.01) in IDDM children. The GA levels were more closely correlated than the FRA levels with the blood glucose two and three weeks previously. Thus, the GA level is a useful indicator of short-term control in diabetes mellitus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Relationship between molecular structures of sugars and their ability to stimulate the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 from canine ileal loops.

The structure-activity relationship of sugars inducing secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 from the gut was examined using intestinal loops prepared from the terminal portion of the ileum of dogs. The plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 concentration in a mesenteric vein draining only the looped region of the intestine was increased after infusion of 139 mmol/l solutions of D-glucose, D-galactose, D-glucuronic acid, 3-0-methyl-D-glucose, maltose, sucrose or maltitol into the intestinal lumen, but not after infusion of solutions of D-fructose, D-fucose, D-mannose, D-xylose or lactose. The increases in plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 concentration correlated with the corresponding increases in glucagon-like immunoreactivity induced by these sugars. The plasma glucose level of the regional mesenteric vein increased significantly from the basal level after instillation of D-glucose, but not after instillation of other sugars. It is suggested that cells of the gut have a glucose sensor for release of products of the glucagon gene and that this sensor has specific steric requirements. The sugars that induced glucagon-like peptide-1 release share the molecular features of electron density near C(6), an equatorial hydroxyl at C(2), and an axial hydroxyl at C(1), which could account for their recognition by the glucose sensor to initiate the releases of glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like immunoreactivity.

3-O-Methylglucose↗
PubMed1990

Effects of naloxone on prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas.

The investigators assessed the effects of the opioid antagonist naloxone on anterior pituitary hormone release in hyperprolactinemic females with pituitary microadenoma (n = 6) and macroadenoma (n = 7). In those with microadenoma, intravenous bolus injection of naloxone significantly increased serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations but had no significant effect on serum prolactin (PRL), follicle-stimulating hormone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations. In patients with macroadenoma, naloxone significantly decreased serum LH and serum PRL concentrations. The response of LH to naloxone differed considerably between the two groups of patients. The results suggest that LH and PRL secretion is influenced by changes in endogenous opiates and in gonadotropin-releasing hormone and PRL inhibitory factor due to hypothalamic dysfunction.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1990

[Analysis of pleural plaque found at lung cancer screening examination].

In the screening test of lung cancer, we found that there was a high prevalence of cases with pleural plaque recognized by chest X-ray film in inhabitants living in A town in Kumamoto Prefecture. We detected abnormal pleural plaque in 148 (41.5%) of 357 cases received lung cancer screening. These pleural plaques resulted in pleural thickening and calcification. Two or three mines of serpentine and an asbestos factory existed in this region from 1883 until 1970. Although twelve cases had a history of factory work, none had fibrous changes in the lung fields on chest X-ray films. It was considered that the pleural plaque probably resulted from exposure to low doses of asbestos in the atmosphere or contact with asbestos workers in their homes. The incidence of lung cancer in this region was not higher than that in other regions in Kumamoto Prefecture. There were no cases of malignant mesothelioma in our hospital during the past eleven years.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Echo guided percutaneous needle biopsy for diagnosis of thoracic lesions].

Echo guided percutaneous needle biopsy was performed in 32 cases with thoracic lesions. A definitive diagnosis was made histopathologically in 11 (100%) of 11 malignancies, 4 (67%) of 6 benign tumors and 7 (47%) of 15 inflammatory lesions. Furthermore, using cytological specimens, definitive diagnosis was successfully made in 10 (91%) of 11 malignancies and 1 (17%) of 6 benign tumors. Such highly accurate diagnostic rates were due to 1) the accurate puncture of the lesions under real time sonographic guidance, 2) repeated biopsy in case in which sample was inadequate for cytological diagnosis, and 3) aggressive application of needle biopsy for histopathological diagnosis. Following this procedure, three patients suffered from a minor pneumothorax. To prevent pneumothorax, great care is necessary, especially in high risk cases, such as with a pneumatic pattern and thin lesion. One patient suffered from minor hemoptysis but recovered without any medication. No complications were noticed in cases of extrapulmonary lesions. We conclude that echo guided percutaneous needle biopsy is not only a complementary method for biopsy of mediastinal, peripheral pulmonary and chest wall lesions, but due to its simplicity and convenience, it should be a routine method for biopsy of thoracic lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A case of pigeon breeder's disease].

A 73-year-old woman developed dry cough and exertional dyspnea. She had been breeding pigeons for thirty years. Her serum showed positive precipitin reaction against pigeon serum. Furthermore the lymphocyte stimulation test against pigeon serum was positive. An X-ray film of the chest showed diffuse ground glass infiltrate, fine nodular shadows and reticular shadows. Histopathology revealed diffuse interstitial infiltration with mononuclear cells and occasional giant cell formation as well as granuloma formation in the bronchiole. The symptoms subsided after admission. From these results, this case was diagnosed as pigeon breeder's disease. She had the subacute form probably because of her old age and smoking. It could be that exacerbation of pneumonitis was caused by cessation of smoking in an attempt to alleviate the symptoms. This is the fifth case reported in Japan.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Comparative studies of edema produced by fluid percussion injury with lateral and central modes of injury in cats.

Earlier studies by our laboratories indicated that severe fluid percussion injury in cats results in the development of significant brain edema. In this study we measured the spatial distribution of edema developed after both central and lateral modes of impact with the objective of determining the degree to which the edema volume may contribute to ICP elevation and neurologic deterioration. All animals developed a marked increase in tissue water, particularly in the brainstem. In laterally injured cats, the increase in brainstem water equaled the edema produced supratentorially. Adding the increase of brainstem edema and the edema volume of the supratentorial compartment, we found an average water increase of 1.125 cc in survivors and 2.492 cc in nonsurvivors. This represents a significant volume increase when it is considered that the average PVI of the normal cat is approximately 0.9 cc (6). However, we observed that the PVI was reduced soon after injury and at a time when it has been reported that water content was near normal levels (7). Taking these studies in concert, we believe that the early reduction in PVI is most probably due to vascular swelling. The developing edema further contributes to reductions in PVI, thus setting the stage for elevated ICP and the tissue impaction observed in nonsurvivors.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Clearance of infusion edema fluid at high and low levels of intracranial pressure.

We found that under conditions of sustained edema production, the rate of edema resolution by the CSF is not appreciably enhanced with lowering of the ICP. Although the entrance of edema fluid into CSF for the high-pressure series was notably slower, the amount of edema remaining in the brain was not appreciably affected. This appears somewhat contradictory to the principle that increasing the bulk flow pressure gradient should increase flow into the CSF. However, simultaneous steady-state measurements of the change in brain tissue pressure for a corresponding change in CSF pressure showed that the two pressures are identical. As a result, when ICP is lowered, the brain tissue pressure follows with no gradient increase. This also suggests that lowering of ICP and the concomitant reduction of tissue pressure may increase the intravascular tissue pressure gradient, which may act to increase the edema production. More work is required to resolve this issue.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Contribution of brainstem edema to neurophysiologic deterioration in the cat infusion edema model.

These results show that infusion edema produces a significant increase in brainstem tissue water similar to the distribution seen after traumatic injury. The increased brainstem water of 0.24 cc is equivalent to a brainstem volume rise of 7.26% and was sufficient to cause a marked reduction in the PVI and sustained elevation of the ICP. Despite the ICP rise, somatosensory and brainstem potentials are only mildly affected and return to normal within 8 hr. The fact that severe fluid percussion injury results in obliteration of BAER immediately after impact would suggest that the neurologic deterioration seen in the fluid percussion model of injury is due to direct structural damage of the tissue, which was received at the moment of impact, and not to the compressive effect of the developing brainstem edema at levels achieved in these experiments (7.62% swelling). As in other mechanical models, edema results in secondary compression of the tissue and contributes to the general brain swelling, which if unabated could lead to tentorial herniation and death. In these infusion studies, we must conclude that in some cases, mild secondary compression was sufficient to affect other control centers and produce systemic failure at levels of edema that do not result in alteration of evoked potentials. This might explain the deaths of those animals that occurred during the infusion period in which brainstem potentials remained intact.

Animals↗