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Biomedical subjects

K Schumann

Publications and source records attributed to K Schumann.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Oxygen partial pressure measurements in the perilymph and scala tympani in normo- and hyperbaric conditions. An animal experiment study].

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of hyperbaric oxygen on the oxygen tension (pO2) in the normal inner ear. We examined 16 anaesthetised guinea pigs by means of an oxygen-sensitive micro-coaxial needle electrode, using the method described by Baumgaertl and Luebbers. In all animals the pO2 in the perilymph of the scala tympani fell by 34% of the original value during insertion of the sensor into the scala tympani. After we had flooded the hyperbaric chamber with pure oxygen under normobaric conditions the pO2 increased by 244.3% of the original values. Furthermore the pO2 increased by 9.4 times the original values during hyperbaric oxygen at 1.6 bar.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Simultaneous determinations of oxygen partial pressure in the scala tympani, electrocochleography and blood pressure measurements in noise stress in guinea pigs].

In 14 guinea pigs the pO2 in the perilymph of the scala tympani fell to 50%-80% of the original value during exposure to noise consisting of 4,000 Hz clicks with a repetition rate of 20/s, 100 dB CHL = 120 dB SPL p.e., repeated twice over a period of 24 minutes each time. For the measurements of the pO2 we used the thin 0.5 micron micro-coaxial needle electrode described by Baumgärtl and Luebbers, which was placed through the round-window membrane in the scala tympani to a depth of 600 micron. The simultaneously recorded CAP latency times were prolonged by 0.8 ms at a test loudness of 60 and 80 dB CHL. The amplitudes of the CM had declined by 60%-70% of the original values at a test loudness of 80 dB SPL p.e. The intra-arterial blood pressure in the common carotid artery of all animals remained constant. As the cortilymph spaces communicate with the perilymph of the scala tympani, our measured decline of pO2 in the perilymph could indicate a cortilymph hypoxia. During exposure to noise the oxygen-dependent Na+ and K+ pumps, which maintain the ion balance and function of the organ of Corti, can decompensate due to lack of oxygen. That would lead to a K+ contamination of the cortilymph and to an intracellular Na+ accumulation, which can cause microstructural damage (hair cell-cilia fusion, hair cell, synaptic and dendritic swelling, hair cell contraction and sustained depolarization), which would be reflected in the CMs and CAPs.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Development of hearing following damage from acoustic trauma with reference to a subsequent workplace].

60 patients were subjected to follow-up examination approximately one year after they had suffered initial damage due to acute acoustic trauma and received immediate in-patient therapy, in order to determine loss of hearing and development of tinnitus. The result of the study shows that both improvements in hearing and a disappearance of the tinnitus noise can be observed over the year, this being often closely associated with the noise level in the occupation pursued after in-patient treatment. At the same time, instances of progressive deterioration in hearing were also measured, which were virtually independent of the noise level. It is not possible to predict the development of hearing and tinnitus on the basis of the initial damage due to acoustic trauma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Low-molecular-weight hydroxyethyl starch or low-molecular-weight dextran in acute inner ear disorders? A randomized comparative study].

In two independently conducted randomised studies, the therapeutic effects of the low-molecular weight plasma expander dextran 40 (Thomaedex 40) and 6% hydroxyethyl starch 40/05 (Expafusin) in cases of sudden deafness and acute acoustic trauma were compared. No significant differences were observed regarding hearing gain and alleviation of tinnitus. The measured hearing gains corresponded to those reported for dextran in the literature. Hydroxyethyl starch has the advantage that there is no need to take preventive steps against allergies, but is expelled more rapidly than dextran by the body with simultaneous deposition of minimal quantities in the liver. For the time being, the main factor affecting the decision between these two substances will be their sales price.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Need for rheologically active, vasoactive and metabolically active substances in the initial treatment of acute acoustic trauma].

Two rheologically active and 8 vasoactive and metabolically active substances were compared in eight independent studies, some of which were randomised and double blind, on 400 patients who had suffered acute acoustic trauma. The control group was given saline. Spontaneous recovery was excluded as far as possible. The following substances were tested: Dextran 40, hydroxyethyl starch 40/0.5, naftidrofurylhydrogenoxalate, Vinpocetin, betahistine, pentoxifylline, flunaricine, Regeneresen AU 4 and 0.9% saline. All groups showed superior results to the control group in both long-term and short-term tests with respect to hearing gain and tinnitis improvement. The rheologically effective substances showed no statistically significant variations. None of the vasoactive or metabolically active substances used as adjunctive therapy improved the results achieved with rheologically effective substances alone. These results demonstrate that acute acoustic trauma can be most effectively treated by rheologically active substances; vasoactive and metabolically active substances are unnecessary. Hyperbaric oxygenation is advantageous as an adjunctive therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[A method for relieving tinnitus complaints in long-enlisted soldiers with multiple acoustic traumas--external electrostimulation].

The effect of external electrostimulation (EES) on tinnitus in soldiers with multiple blast trauma was assessed in a controlled study. There was no change in the tinnitus in the untreated control group during an observing period of 5 weeks. However the noise resolved completely within 28 days of therapy in 20% of treated soldiers, in some patients the symptoms were improved. The repeated application of EES is effective in recurrent complaints. This method can be carried out on an out-patient basis and scarcely has any side-effects. It is not suitable for treating tinnitus after acute acoustic trauma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Efficacy of naftidrofurylhydrogenoxalate (Dusodril) as adjunctive therapy of patients with acute acoustic trauma. A controlled double-blind study].

A study was carried out on 60 patients who had suffered an acute acoustic trauma. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of using naphtidrofurylhydrogen oxalate (Dusodril Pi. i.v. or Dusodril ret.) as an adjunctive measure alongside dextran-40 infusions (Thomaedex 40). After spontaneous remissions had been largely excluded, the patients were randomly assigned to two therapy groups. Very similar results were obtained in the naphtidrofurylhydrogen oxalate group and in the control group (30 patients each), showing that the use of this drug as an adjunctive therapeutic measure in the treatment of high-frequency hearing loss or alleviated tinnitus does not produce a significant improvement of results.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Hyperbaric oxygenation--a sensible adjunctive therapy in malignant external otitis].

This study shows the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation as an adjunctive therapy in malignant external otitis on the basis of three cases: one stage I, one stage II, two stages III (according to Ganz). Due to the successes achieved, and basing on a comparative study of the literature, we can conclude, even without a control group, that hyperbaric oxygenation exercises a positive influence on the reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the external auditory canal, and on the symptoms of pain and regeneration of cerebral nerves injured with a broad-spectrum allergy to antibiotics, even the exclusive application of the hyperbaric oxygenation proved successful.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for acute acoustic trauma.

We conducted a study on the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on 122 soldiers following acute acoustic trauma. The patients included in this study, after the effect of spontaneous recovery had largely been excluded, were randomly allocated to four treatment groups. The results of our studies show that hyperbaric oxygen therapy shortens the course of healing with respect to high-pitch perception dysacusis. The results of treatment after an observation period of 6 weeks is also more favorable when patients are treated with oxygen when compared to patients given infusions or vasoactive substances. Similarly, the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy also reduces the frequency of relapse following discharge from hospital. In contrast, the vasoactive substance chosen in our studies (betahistine) failed to have a favorable effect on the course of healing. Our study has also shown that no method can compare with hyperbaric therapy in eliminating tinnitus following acoustic trauma.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in sudden deafness].

Based on two independent studies, an attempt is made in this paper to demonstrate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy used as a supportive measure to accompany standard treatment in recent acute loss of hearing and in acute loss of hearing where preoperative treatment has proved unsatisfactory. Whereas hyperbaric oxygen therapy is superior to the standard treatment alone as far as the cochlear perception dysacousis and tinnitus in recent acute loss of hearing are concerned, these results could not be reproduced in existing, preoperatively treated acute loss of hearing. As such, hyperbaric oxygen therapy under the strict supervision of a specialist physician has proved an effective supportive measure in the treatment of recent acute loss of hearing.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1985

[Measurements of respiratory resistance in tracheal stenosis patients. A comparison of pressure changes with total-body plethysmography].

In this study, the airway resistance of 67 patients who suffered tracheal stenosis was measured by body plethysmography and by the pressure change method. These comparative measurements were carried out in order to assess the value of the pressure change method. There was significant linear correlation between the results for the two methods. The pressure change method is uncomplicated and mobile, and promises to have many practical applications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Changes in the amount of myosin and the rate of myosin biosynthesis in vascular cells in culture].

The relative myosin content of aortic cells of newborn rats was estimated cytophotometrically in the course of cultivation using indirect immunofluorescence staining. It should be shown that the average myosin content of the cell population and the number of cells with high myosin content is greatly enhanced when confluency of the cells is reached and proliferation stops. Following the amount of 14C-labelled leucine incorporated in immunoprecipitated myosin during the same period we found that increasing myosin content of the cells results from an enhanced rate of myosin biosynthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Particularly small foetus papyraceus after full pregnancy period (author's transl)].

This is a report on an extremely small fetus papyraceus coinciding with an uncomplicated pregnancy, delivery and post-partum period of a healthy newborn; the blighted twin fetus was found quite unexpectedly after a careful inspection of the placenta and fetal membranes. Because of the possible complications following retention of blighted fetuses in utero it seems wise to us to put great emphasis on tedious examination of the afterbirth especially in all those uniparous women, in whom a multiple pregnancy had been suspected in earlier stages of gestation.

Abortion, Missed↗
PubMed1981

[The influence of septum deviation on lung function (author's transl)].

We examined the influence of septal deviations on pulmonary function in 247 study patients, and compared results with a control group of 387 patients without septal deformities. Tracheobronchial resistance, functional residual capacity and nasal resistance were measured by body plethysmography. Those patients with septal deformities had a 2.4 mm mean increase of tracheobronchial resistance, which was highly significant using the T-test between the two groups (P 1/2, 0.003%). We presume a probable reflex influence for this. However, the functional residual capacity in these patients was not significantly increased. Comparative measurements of pulmonary function before and after septal surgery showed decrease of tracheobronchial resistance in 66.7% of the patients. As a result of these findings, we believe that a close interdependence between nasal and pulmonary function seem probable.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Functional results after reconstructive laryngectomy (author's transl)].

18 reconstructive laryngectomies were performed from 1970 to 1978. 5 patients were operated according to the method of Arslan/Serafini; 7 patients according to the technique of Staffieri and 6 patients according to the method Lange-Beck. The functional results were evaluated by means of polyphysiography (Holm), stroboscopy, gastrografin swallow and by a detained questionnaire. Functional results were best after the Arslan/Serafini technique. 60% were able to swallow without discomfort, the other patients with only minor problems. Vocal intelligibility was best with this method. The results after the Lang-Beck technique were inferior. 50% were able to swallow without discomfort. Major problems with deglutition were encountered in 30%. Vocal intelligibility was poor. The worst results were seen after the Staffieri technique. The results indicate that reconstructive laryngectomy is by no means a standard procedure. The indication for one of the techniques has to be scrutinized carefully.

Deglutition Disorders↗
PubMed1981

[Functional results following laryngectomy (author's transl)].

Vocal rehabilitation and deglutition post laryngectomy were evaluated. 71% of 62 patients had an intelligeable voice, 31% in this group using an electronic device (Servox). Minor problems in deglutition occurred in 35.5%. The functional results suggest definite role for classic laryngectomy even from the aspect of rehabilitation.

Adult↗