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Biomedical subjects

K Schreiber

Publications and source records attributed to K Schreiber.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Screening of asymptomatic women for endometrial cancer.

This report describes the preliminary results of a feasibility study of detection of endometrial carcinoma in an asymptomatic population of women aged 45 and above. The initial sample of 1280 women was evaluated by several cytologic smear techniques and by 2 endometrial sampling methods assigned by computer. The clinical approaches and the techniques used are detailed. During this initial period of study 8 histologically proved endometrial cancers were diagnosed, 2 of which were deeply invasive. With 1 exception, the 8 patients were either obese or had a past history of treatment with conjugated estrogens. A relatively small number of women with endometrial hyperplasia of various types were also identified. The accuracy of the detection methods and their long-term impact on morbidity and mortality cannot be assessed as yet. Incidentally, a small number of cancers and precancerous states of organs other than the endometrium have also been diagnosed.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1981

Needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules.

Thin needle aspiration biopsies for cytology were performed upon 64 patients with hypofunctioning thyroid nodules. Surgical confirmation of the diagnoses was obtained in 41 of these patients. All 12 nodules with positive needle biopsies were found to be malignant at operation. Sixteen of 17 nodules with negative findings at biopsy were found to be benign; one was found to be malignant. Twelve nodules were in the questionable cytologic group, three were malignant and nine were benign. Twenty-three patients did not undergo operation after needle biopsy. Negative biopsy findings in these patients were instrumental in guiding decisions not to recommend operation. There was no morbidity after any of the 64 needle biopsies. An analysis of our results indicates that thin needle aspiration biopsy is a valuable diagnostic tool for the selection of thyroid nodules for surgical treatment. Its routine use on our service has increased the incidence of carcinoma in surgically explored cold thyroid nodules in the past year. The procedure was helpful not only in avoiding operation for some benign lesions but also in enabling the detection of a number of otherwise unsuspected malignant tumors. Objections which are usually raised to the large scale use of thin needle aspiration biopsies of thyroid nodules are not valid.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1980

Computer identification of degenerated urothelial cells.

Computer algorithms were developed to identify very poorly preserved, degenerated urothelial cells from the urinary sediment. Cell images were analyzed by two methods: the first one based on nucleus-finding algorithms (determination of nuclear boundaries) and the second based on the analysis of histograms of optical density. Discrimination between benign and malignant degenerated cells could be accomplished by both methods, although the misclassification of cells rose from +/- 10% by the first approach to +/- 15% by the second approach. Most important, however, useful algorithms were obtained and incorporated into the TICAS file for the identification of this large group of urothelial cells as a significant step in the automated analysis of the cells in thr urinary sediment.

Cells↗
PubMed1980

Computer identification of multinucleated urothelial cells.

Computer analysis of multinucleated urothelial cells from the urinary sediment is reported. The cell images were analyzed by two methods: the first based on nucleus-finding algorithms (determination of nuclear boundaries) and the second based on algorithms derived from the histograms of optical density. Both approaches resulted in good discrimination between benign and malignant cells, although the misclassification rate rose slightly from +/- 7% by the first approach to +/- 10% by the second approach. Algorithms identifying multinucleated cells are now a part of the TICAS file as an important step in automated analysis of cells in the urinary sediment.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1977

Cervical cytology: the need for routine screening in the sexually active adolescent.

Pelvic examinations, including a Papanicolaou smear of the uterine cervix, were performed on 403 asymptomatic, sexually active adolescent girls aged from 12 to 16 years who were in a youth detention center in New York City. The smears were negative for precancerous abnormalities in 389 girls, but 168 of these had evidence of inflammation or nonspecific atypia. In the remaining 14 smears there was cytologic evidence of early precancerous changes (low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia). The prevalence rate for early neoplastic changes was 35/1,000, far higher than previously reported. Further evaluation of three of these girls, by colposcopy and biopsy, revealed precancerous epithelial abnormalities of varying degrees of severity in two of them. Since all patients screened were sexually active and were asyptomatic, no clinical feature distinguished the 389 with negative cytology from the 14 with intraepithelial neoplasia. Five of the patients with precancerous cellular abnormalities had histories of sexual activity of less than two years. The data suggest that cervical cytologic screening should be incorporated into the routine examination of sexually active female adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Flow-microfluorometric analysis of nuclei isolated from various normal and malignant human epithelial tissues. A preliminary report.

In order to obviate some of the technical problems associated with preparation of monocellular cell suspensions required for flow fluorometry, isolation of nuclei from several types of benign and malignant human tissues was undertaken. Satisfactory preparations of nuclei were obtained from epithelia of the uterine cervix and colon and from lung tissue using the citric acid method. The sucrose method was effective with colonic epithelium only. Distribution of deoxyribonucleic acid content in these nuclei was measured based on green fluorescence of acridine orange and red fluorescence of propidium iodide in a Bio-Physics Cytofluorograph. Essentially diploid patterns of deoxyribonucleic acid distribution were observed for all benign samples regardless of tissue origin whereas the malignant samples gave histograms suggestive of abnormal deoxyribonucleic acid distribution. Preliminary observations on distribution of single-stranded nucleic acids using acridine orange red fluorescence showed marked differences between populations of benign and malignant nuclei. Isolated nuclei appear to be suitable for flow-through microfluorometric analysis and offer some significant advantages over intact cells.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1976

The use of a slide spinner in the analysis of cell dispersion.

A simple and reliable method of determining the degree of dispersion of a cell suspension has been developed using the Perkin-Elmer Uni-Smear Spinner. Optimum conditions regarding rate and duration of spin, etc., were first ascertained using dispersed cell cultures including human cervical cancer cells as well as gynecologic samples. After spinning, single cells in suspension appeared as isolated cells on the slides. Cell aggregates, on the other hand, remained together. Therefore, the distribution of cells in various sized aggregates could be easily quantitated and the slides retained for future review. This method was used to evaluate the dispersing effects of trypsin, ethylenediaminetetraacetate and and syringing human on human gynecology samples obtained by routine cervical scrapes. None of the dispersion methods has, so far, produced an adequate monodispersed cell suspension without unacceptable cell loss.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1975

Experimental tumor induction in a circumscribed region of the hamster trachea: correlation of histology and exfoliative cytology.

A method for the induction of carcinomas in a circumscribed region of the hamster trachea is reported. By means of a special catheter, a solution of N-nitroso-N-methylurea was applied twice a week to about a 6-mm length of the trachea 10- to 16-mm distal from teh vocal cords. Slight alteration of this catheter allowed sampling of cytologic specimens directly from the surface of the carcinogen0exposed epithelium. This procedure permitted the simple and accurate correlation of sequential histologic and cytologic changes observed during tumor development in the hamsters. Noninvasive dysplastic and metaplastic lesions were seen in animals killed after 5 and 10 weeks of carcinogen application. These epithelial changes could be readily correlated with abnormal exfoliated cells abundantly present in cytologic specimens from these animals. Exposure to carcinogen for 15 weeks induced a 100% tumor incidence exclusively at the application site. More than 75% of the malignancies appeared within 15-20 weeks after the start of carcinogen administration. Most tumors were epidermoid carcinomas but some anaplastic large-cell carcinomas were also observed. Cytologic specimens of tumor-bearing animals had many cells conclusive of malignancy. The new experimental system lends itself to study of the effect of topically applied anticarcinogenic or cocarcinogenic agents on different carcinogen-induced epithelial lesions whose regression or progression can be followed by exfoliative cytology.

Animals↗