Isolation and characterization of ericamycin, a new antibiotic.
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Biomedical subjects
K Satoh
Publications and source records attributed to K Satoh.
Isolation and identification of narcotics by thin layer chromatography. 4. Isolation and identification of narcotics in carbon monoxide poisoning.
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Animals↗
[Isolation and identification of narcotics by thin layer chromatography. 2. Isolation and identification of narcotics in vivo].
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Animals↗
Endoscopic ultrasound and intraductal ultrasound in the diagnosis of small pancreatic tumors.
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and intraductal ultrasound (IDUS) in the detection of small pancreatic tumors. METHODS: EUS was performed in 166 patients with verified pancreatic disease. IDUS was performed in 46 patients. A microprobe was introduced into the main pancreatic duct through the papilla of Vater using the duodenoscope. RESULTS: EUS was valuable in the detection of small pancreatic tumors. Ductal adenocarcinomas smaller than 1 cm were demonstrated as a hypoechoic mass with a central irregular hyperechoic area. EUS and IDUS were useful in the characterization of intraductal paillary tumors (ductectatic mucinous tumors). EUS demonstrated nodular excrescences, and IDUS depicted papillary proliferation of the duct epithelium, which are characteristic of carcinomas and adenomas but not of hyperplasia. Internal architecture of cystic neoplasms was clearly depicted by EUS, and differentiation of serous and mucinous tumors was readily achieved. A tumor as small as a 5-mm islet cell was demonstrated on EUS because islet cell tumors are very hypoechoic. CONCLUSION: EUS and IDUS are relatively noninvasive procedures and are useful in the detection of small tumors and differentiation of pancreatic diseases.
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
Present status and performance of PACS at Kyoto University Hospital.
A pilot PACS project, named KIDS, has been running in Kyoto University Hospital. The purpose of the system is to establish a small PACS that includes all digital imaging modalities and to evaluate it. The project has been continued from the first phase (KIDS-1) to the second phase (KIDS-2). In the first phase, a small-scale PACS was developed. In the second phase, the expansion of coverage of modalities and completion of the image database was intended. At present, the database contains image data of 16264 patients amounting to 150 Gbytes. Simulation of the retrieval process to the database shows that 154.3 s per patient is required for retrieving his/her entire image data. This calculated value is close to the actual time.
Computer Communication Networks↗
Effects of aging on fluorescein leakage in the iris and angle in normal subjects.
PURPOSE: To determine the presence of fluorescein leakage from the iris and angle in normal subjects, and how it is affected by aging. METHODS: The subjects were 92 normal volunteers and patients with senile cataract who ranged in age from 20 to 93 years and were free from any systemic or ocular diseases. Fluorescein iris and angle photography and color iris and angle photography were performed using a goniolens and a photo slit lamp. RESULTS: Radial ciliary body vessels were found in 22 eyes (24%), radial iris vessels or trabecular vessels in 7 eyes (8%), and circular ciliary band vessels were seen in 4 eyes (4%). Goniovessels were found in 8 of 30 eyes (27%) of those under 50 years of age. No significant difference in the incidence of goniovessels was found between those over and under age 50 (P < .01). In the pupillary margin, fluorescein leakage was seen in 1 of 30 eyes (3%) in the age group under 50 years, whereas leakage was found in 30 of 62 eyes (48%) in the age group over 50 years. In the anterior chamber angle, leakage was seen in 4 of 30 eyes (13%) under age 50 years, and in 38 of 62 eyes (61%) over age 50 years (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that the incidence of leakage of fluorescein from the pupillary margin and anterior chamber angle tends to increase with age. Thus, when leakage of fluorescein in angle and iris is observed, it is important to consider the physiological changes resulting from aging.
Adult↗
Different manifestations of circadian rhythms in senile dementia of Alzheimer's type and multi-infarct dementia.
Using an actigraph and a long-term body temperature (BT) monitoring system, we simultaneously monitored rest-activity (R-A) and BT rhythms in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT; n = 20) or multi-infarct dementia (MID; n = 21) for 5-7 consecutive days. The SDAT group exhibited a well-organized BT rhythm with significantly higher amplitude compared with the MID group. The SDAT group also showed significant positive correlation between the total daily activity as well as percentage of nighttime activity and the degree of dementia, while no such tendency was observed in the MID group. The different properties of the biological rhythm disorders among the SDAT and MID groups possibly underlie their sleep and behavioral disorders.
Aged↗
Substance P in the ascending cholinergic reticular system.
The neocortex receives a major cholinergic innervation from magnocellular neurones in the basal forebrain. However, an ascending cholinergic reticular system has also been postulated to arise from acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-containing neurones in the midbrain and pontine tegmentum. Lesions of this region decrease both AChE and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in various forebrain areas, and recent immunohistochemical studies have identified a group of ChAT-containing cell bodies in the midbrain reticular formation and dorsolateral pontine tegmentum. Here we have combined retrograde tracing with ChAT immunohistochemistry to demonstrate that this tegmental cholinergic cell group also directly innervates the cerebral cortex. Other immunohistochemical studies have indicated that the neuropeptide substance P is also present in certain cells in the laterodorsal tegmentum, and these too appear to project to the forebrain. We have therefore performed immunohistochemistry for both ChAT and substance P and have discovered that a subpopulation of the ascending cholinergic reticular neurones contains substance P. Thus, peptide-cholinergic coexistence, previously noted in peripheral neurones, also occurs in the brain.
Acetylcholine↗
An examination of the definition 'final height' for practical use.
Determining which of various 'final height' definitions is most applicable to the data sets is a useful preceding step for studies concerning adult stature prediction. This paper presents an examination of three definitions and their validity when practically applied to two different longitudinal data sets. Two data series examined in this study are T-data (31 boys and 35 girls born between 1967 and 1978) and H-data (113 girls born between 1956 and 1966). Three definitions of final height applied to the data are: (1) Final stature at 18 years of age (Fht (18)); (2) Stature after a year with an annual increment less than 0.5 cm (Fht (0.5)); and (3) The highest measurement (Fht (hst)). The results of this study suggest the greatest height of an individual measurement (Fht (hst)) is the most effective definition of 'final stature' for practical use. This definition can be applied to various types of data, whether measurements are obtained from individuals during school periods, or whether measurements are obtained from individuals until the cessation of growth.
Adolescent↗
Interferon-gamma induces retinoic acid-inducible gene-I in endothelial cells.
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induces expression of multiple genes in endothelial cells. Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) encodes a protein belonging to the DExH-box family, but details of its physiological function are not clear. RIG-I is induced in leukemia cells by retinoic acid and in endothelial cells by lipopolysaccharide. In the present study, the authors found that IFN-gamma also induces the expression of RIG-I in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Induction of RIG-I mRNA by IFN-gamma was not altered by the treatment with cycloheximide or interleukin-4. Fluorescent immunostaining and Western blot analysis revealed cytoplasmic distribution of RIG-I. The in situ endothelium in a normal lung tissue was also found to express RIG-I protein. Although the physiological function of RIG-I is still unknown, induction of RIG-I by IFN-gamma may play an important role in inflammatory or immunological reactions in endothelial cells.
Cell Line↗
Double-stranded RNA induces the synthesis of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I in vascular endothelial cells.
Viral infection induces various responses in vascular endothelial cells. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly IC) is a synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and treatment of cells with poly IC mimics the viral infection to the cells. Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) is a protein belonging to the DExH-box family and designated as a putative RNA helicase. RIG-I is considered to play a role in antiviral responses through the regulation of gene expressions. In the present study, the authors treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with poly IC and found that poly IC induced the expression of RIG-I. The poly IC-induced RIG-I expression was inhibited by the preincubation of the cells with 2-aminopurine, an inhibitor of dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). Immunohistochemical examination revealed high levels of RIG-I immunoreactivity in vascular endothelial cells in the thalamus from rats inoculated with hantavirus. Induction of RIG-I by poly IC may be involved in the antiviral responses in endothelial cells.
Animals↗
Hypothermic action of exogenously administered melatonin is dose-dependent in humans.
The pineal hormone melatonin (MLT) is closely related to sleep initiation and maintenance in humans, and is now used as a potent therapeutic tool for some circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Acute and transient hypothermia induced by exogenously administered MLT (ex-MLT) may play a critical role in the circadian phase shifting and hypnogenic actions. Six healthy young male volunteers (mean age, 22.5 y; age range, 19-24 y), whose endogenous MLT secretion rhythms were previously assessed, took either 0.5 mg, 3 mg, or 9 mg of ex-MLT or a placebo at 0930 h (the average sleep onset time was 0000 h) on a randomized, single-blind, crossover basis. In comparison with placebo, ex-MLT significantly suppressed core body temperature at the 3-mg and 9-mg doses and slightly suppressed core body temperature at the 0.5-mg dose. There was significant positive correlation between the magnitude of core body temperature suppression and the area under the MLT concentration curve as well as the peak MLT concentration after ex-MLT administration. Our study showed that clinical doses of ex-MLT induce hypothermia in a dose-dependent manner. Results suggest that the therapeutic effect of larger doses of ex-MLT should be tested on patients who benefit little from typically lower clinical doses of ex-MLT.
Adult↗
Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma with widespread ground-glass shadow on CT in two cases.
Two cases of bronchioloalveolar carcinomas are presented. In both cases, chest CT demonstrated widespread ground-glass shadows. The findings on CT revealed tumor tissue character with tumor cell proliferation along the alveolar wall and air in the alveoli.
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
Effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on AV nodal and intraventricular conduction as assessed in the isolated, blood-perfused AV node preparation of the dog.
The effects of seven antiarrhythmic drugs on atrioventricular (AV) nodal and intraventricular (His-Purkinje-ventricular muscle) conduction were investigated in the isolated, blood-perfused AV node preparation of the dog. When injected into the posterior septal artery (PSA), which supplies mainly the AV node, quinidine, ajmaline, disopyramide, lidocaine, mexiletine, phenytoin, and procainamide increased AV nodal conduction time; and in high doses, these drugs produced second- or third-degree AV conduction block. However, quinidine, ajmaline, disopyramide, and lidocaine had less propensity to induce second- or third-degree AV conduction block than did phenytoin, mexiletine, and procainamide. When injected into the anterior septal artery (ASA), which supplies the His-Purkinje-ventricular muscle, all seven drugs prolonged intraventricular conduction time. The relative suppressant effects of these drugs on AV nodal and intraventricular conduction varied. Quinidine, disopyramide, and ajmaline suppressed AV nodal conduction as much as intraventricular conduction. Lidocaine and mexiletine suppressed AV nodal conduction more than intraventricular conduction, and phenytoin suppressed AV nodal conduction much more than intraventricular conduction. In contrast, procainamide suppressed intraventricular conduction rather than AV nodal conduction. All drugs increased blood flow in the ASA and the PSA.
Animals↗
Comparison of the responses of the simian and canine coronary circulations to autonomic drugs.
We studied Japanese monkeys, an anubis baboon, and dogs to determine possible differences in the responsiveness of the simian and the canine coronary vasculature to autonomic drugs. Under ketamine and pentobarbital anesthesia the left anterior descending coronary artery was perfused with autologous blood at constant pressure. All drugs were injected intraarterially. In monkeys, acetylcholine and methacholine produced vasoconstriction followed by vasodilatation, and vasoconstriction was marked after large doses. Both responses were antagonized by atropine. In dogs, the two muscarinic receptor agonists produced only vasodilatation. In the baboon, acetylcholine injected into the femoral artery produced only vasodilatation. These results indicate that vasoconstriction mediated by muscarinic receptors is characteristic of the simian coronary vasculature. In monkeys, norepinephrine produced vasoconstriction followed by vasodilatation. The former response was abolished and the latter enhanced by phentolamine. In dogs, norepinephrine produced only vasodilatation. This response was reduced and preceded by vasoconstriction after atenolol. Methoxamine produced only vasoconstriction, which was weaker in dogs than in monkeys. These results indicate that alpha-adrenoceptors in the coronary vasculature are more important in subhuman primates than in dogs.
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
Cardiac versus coronary vasodilator actions of KB-944, a new calcium antagonist, assessed in isolated, blood-perfused heart preparations of dogs.
We compared the cardiac and coronary vasodilator actions of a new calcium-antagonistic vasodilator, KB-944, in isolated, blood-perfused heart preparations of dogs. In all preparations KB-944 injected intra-arterially produced an increase in blood flow. In sinoatrial (SA) node preparations KB-944 decreased sinus rate and in large doses produced atrial standstill. In atrioventricular (AV) node preparations KB-944 increased AV conduction time and in large doses produced second- or third-degree AV block only when injected into the artery supplying the AV node. In the same preparations KB-944 had virtually no effect on AV conduction when injected into the artery supplying the His-Purkinje-ventricular system. In papillary muscle preparations KB-944 in medium and large doses depressed force of contraction, the depressant action being greater at high rates of contraction. In the same kind of preparations KB-944 affected automaticity slightly and inconsistently. Depression by KB-944 of SA nodal automaticity and AV nodal conduction occurred pari passu with coronary vasodilation, whereas force of contraction was depressed to a lesser extent in coronary vasodilator doses. In these respects, KB-944 resembles verapamil and diltiazem rather than nifedipine and nicardipine.
Animals↗
Profile of coronary vasodilator and cardiac actions of bepridil revealed by use of isolated, blood-perfused heart preparations of the dog.
We investigated the coronary vasodilator and cardiac actions of bepridil in various isolated, blood-perfused dog heart preparations. Intra-arterial bepridil increased blood flow in all preparations. In sinoatrial (SA) node preparations bepridil decreased sinus rate and produced atrial standstill in large doses. In paced atrioventricular (AV) node preparations, bepridil injected into the posterior septal artery (which supplies the AV node) increased AV conduction time (i.e., AV nodal conduction time) and in large doses produced second- or third-degree AV block. In the same preparations, bepridil in large doses injected into the anterior septal artery (which supplies the His-Purkinje ventricular system) prolonged AV conduction time (i.e., intraventricular conduction time). In paced papillary muscle preparations, bepridil reduced force of contraction only in large doses. In spontaneously beating papillary muscle preparations, bepridil decreased the rate of automaticity and the force of contraction as well. The order of effectiveness of bepridil on the above cardiovascular variables is as follows: coronary blood flow greater than AV nodal conduction greater than SA nodal automaticity much greater than ventricular automaticity ventricular muscle contraction much greater than intraventricular conduction. The results indicate bepridil to have a pharmacological profile different from that of verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine, nicardipine, or KB-944.
Animals↗
Coronary vasodilator compared to cardiac effects of PY 108-068, a new dihydropyridine vasodilator, on isolated, blood-perfused dog-heart preparations.
We evaluated coronary vasodilator and cardiac effects of PY 108-068 on isolated, blood-perfused sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, and papillary muscle preparations of dogs. PY 108-068 was administered intra-arterially (i.a.). PY 108-068 increased (coronary) blood flow in all preparations. In SA node preparations, the drug produced a decrease in sinus rate and, in large doses, atrial standstill. In AV node preparations, the drug produced an increase in AV conduction time. Large doses caused second- or third-degree AV block, but only when injected into the artery supplying the AV node. The doses producing a 15% (nearly half maximum) decrease in sinus rate or a 15% (nearly half maximum) increase in AV conduction time were two to three times the doses that doubled coronary blood flow. In paced papillary muscle preparations, the drug produced a decrease in the force of contraction. However, the dose required to reduce the force of contraction of the papillary muscle by 50% was about 30 times the dose that doubled coronary blood flow. The drug was entirely ineffective on rate of ventricular automaticity. We conclude that PY 108-068 is not likely to produce reflex tachycardia when administered systemically in coronary vasodilator doses.
Animals↗