Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Satoh.
IMPLICATIONS: Pulse oximetry is now considered essential for anesthetic management. We treated a patient with hemoglobin M(Iwate), a rare inheritable hemoglobinopathy rendering pulse oximetry completely useless because of its anomalous absorption spectrum.
We performed Le Fort III midfacial advancement with gradual distraction using internal devices on a 2-year 5-month-old boy with Crouzon's syndrome with associated severe obstructive sleep apnea. The device was not activated until 7 days after surgery, after which the distraction was initiated, 1 mm per day, and the midface was advanced 4 mm intraoperatively and distracted 12 mm postoperatively. A total advancement of 16 mm was obtained. The obstructive sleep apnea improved remarkably after the distraction. In infants and younger children with associated severe obstructive sleep apnea, advancement by distraction osteogenesis of the midface in Le Fort III maxillary osteotomy will be initially indicated to obviate tracheostomy improving the upper airway obstruction.
PURPOSE: The relation between Tl-201 chloride accumulation by the tumor and its distant metastatic potential were evaluated in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and compared with the same parameters achieved using Tc-99m MIBI. METHODS: Fifty-six patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma were examined before therapy was begun. They were classified according to the radiologic findings and pathologic diagnosis into two groups: distant metastases and no distant metastases. All patients underwent dual-isotope imaging with Tl-201 chloride and Tc-99m MIBI. Regions of interest were placed over the tumor uptake (T) and contralateral normal lung tissue (N) areas on one transverse view with clearly defined lesions, and the T:N ratio and retention index were calculated. RESULTS: The early and delayed T:N ratios and retention index using Tl-201 chloride SPECT in the distant-metastases group were significantly greater (P < 0.001 to P < 0.05) than were those in the no-distant-metastases group. There was no significant correlation between the T:N ratio and retention index and distant metastatic potential using Tc-99m MIBI SPECT. CONCLUSION: Tl-201 chloride SPECT may be more effective than Tc-99m MIBI SPECT for evaluating the distant metastatic potential of primary lung adenocarcinoma.
The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the relationship between thallium-201 chloride (201Tl) and technetium-99m hexakis 2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99Tcm-MIBI) accumulation and histopathological differentiation in primary lung adenocarcinoma. A total of 43 patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma were investigated. The patients were divided into well differentiated (n = 17), moderately differentiated (n = 14) and poorly differentiated (n = 12) carcinoma groups. Simultaneous dual single photon emission tomography (SPET) images with 201Tl and 99Tcm-MIBI were acquired 15 min (early) and 2 h (delayed) after injection. Using a region of interest technique, the tumour-to-normal lung ratio was calculated for both early (early ratio) and delayed (delayed ratio) images. The retention index was calculated using the formula delayed ratio/early ratio. Uptake of the radionuclides was compared with the classification of tumour differentiation grading. The mean (+/- SD) values of the early ratio, delayed ratio and retention index using 201Tl were 2.19+/-0.72, 2.28+/-0.71 and 1.06+/-0.16, respectively, in the well differentiated group, 2.38+/-0.83, 2.48+/-0.84 and 1.08+/-0.23, respectively, in the moderately differentiated group, and 2.87+/-0.75, 3.60+/-1.51 and 1.22+/-0.21, respectively, in the poorly differentiated group. Both the ratios and the retention index using 201Tl were significantly lower in the well differentiated group than in the poorly differentiated group. The delayed ratio using 201Tl in the moderately differentiated group was also significantly lower than that in the poorly differentiated group. There were no significant differences in either ratio or the retention index among the three groups using 99Tcm-MIBI. 201Tl SPET is superior to 99Tcm-MIBI SPET for the grading of histopathological differentiation of primary lung adenocarcinoma.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of 99Tcm-MIBI accumulation for the differentiation of histological diagnosis of malignant brain tumours in comparison with the findings obtained using 201Tl chloride. A total of 25 patients with malignant brain tumours were investigated. The histological categories of tumours included glioblastoma multiforme (n = 5), anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 4), malignant lymphoma (n = 5), and metastatic tumour (n = 11). Simultaneous dual single photon emission tomography (SPET) images with 99Tcm-MIBI and 201Tl were acquired 15 min (early) and 2 h (delayed) after injection, and the early ratio, delayed ratio and retention index were measured. The new indices 201Tl/99Tcm-MIBI ratios and 201Tl/99Tcm-MIBI retention index were also calculated. With respect to the histological type, a higher retention index using 99Tcm-MIBI was noted in glioblastoma multiforme compared with metastatic tumour. Higher values of both ratios using 201Tl were noted in glioblastoma multiforme compared to metastatic tumour. The value of the delayed ratio obtained using 201Tl was higher in glioblastoma multiforme than in anaplastic astrocytoma, and the value was also higher in malignant lymphoma than in metastatic tumour. The 201Tl/99Tcm-MIBI early ratio of glioblastoma multiforme was significantly higher than that of metastatic brain tumour. The 201Tl/99Tcm-MIBI retention index of malignant lymphoma was significantly higher than that of glioblastoma multiforme. In the histological type of tumour, 99Tcm-MIBI is not superior to 201Tl, but the combined indices using 201Tl/99Tcm-MIBI may add new information about differential diagnosis.
In this retrospective study, 31 reconstructions using thin anterolateral thigh flaps and six cadaveric dissections of the thigh were investigated in consideration of the anatomic variations of the perforator vessels in the adipose layer, the safe area of flap circulation, and the clinical indications. Three variations of the perforator vessel course in the adipose layer were predicted correctly. The safe radius of a thin anterolateral thigh flap with a thickness of 3 to 4 mm was determined to be approximately 9 cm from the point where the perforator met the skin. The use of a thin anterolateral thigh flap for reconstruction of the neck, axilla, anterior tibial area, dorsum of the foot, circumference on the ankle, forearm, and dorsum of the hand was therefore recommended.
To harvest a thin flap from the groin and hypogastric area, the authors developed a new prefabricated flap using the transversalis fascia as a carrier. The transversalis fascia is a very thin and abundantly vascularized tissue nourished by the deep inferior epigastric vessels. Flap prefabrication was performed by inserting the transversalis fascia between the thinly undermined skin flap and the tissue expander placed beneath the skin flap, followed by a pretransfer delay procedure around the flap. After a 3-week interval, the flap was transplanted with no complications, such as congestion and thrombus of anastomosis. By using this technique, it was possible to elevate an equally thin flap from the groin and hypogastric area while avoiding morbidity of the donor site.
The molecular mechanisms that lead from acute pancreatitis (AP) to multiple organ failure remain to be clarified. We previously reported that ascitic fluids from a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis (pancreatitis-associated ascitic fluids, PAAF) transcriptionally activated endothelial cells and leukocytes in vitro. To clarify the role of ascitic fluids on the development of multiple organ failure in AP, we examined the effects of PAAF on the prognosis and immunohistologic findings in cerulein pancreatitis, an experimental model of mild pancreatitis in vivo. Intraperitoneal injection of PAAF decreased the survival rates in a dose-dependent manner. Histologically, destruction of vessels, alveolar septal thickening, interstitial hypertrophy, and infiltration of inflammatory cells were prominent in the lung of PAAF-injected rats. Transcription factor, nuclear factor KB (NF-kappaB) was activated and the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta were increased in the lung of the PAAF-injected rats. The permeability index assessed by Evans blue assay and the lung myeloperoxidase activity levels were significantly higher in the PAAF-injected rats than in controls. Inhibition of NF-kappaB ameliorated the histologic findings and improved the survival rates. Our results suggest that PAAF play a role in the pathogenesis of lung injury in severe AP, at least in part through the activation of NF-kappaB.
METHODOLOGY: The authors performed the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 17 cases of pancreatic ductal cell carcinoma (PDC) and five cases of normal pancreatic tissues to determine the expression of tumor necrosis factor -related apoptosis-inducing factor (TRAIL) and its five receptors in PDC. RESULTS: The expression of TRAIL and its receptors other than osteoprotegerin was found frequently in both PDC and normal tissues. whereas the expression of osteoprotegerin was detected only in PDC. The authors detected cancer cell death by TRAIL, ranging from 37% to 77% in all the PDC cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Hochest staining revealed that cell death was caused by apoptosis. Caspase-8 and caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage was activated within 2 hours after stimulation with 200 ng/mL TRAIL. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a relation between osteoprotegerin expression and the biologic aggressiveness of PDC and the involvement of caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation in the TRAIL-mediated apoptosis pathway in PDC.
The involvement of LexA in induction of RecA was investigated in Deinococcus radiodurans. As in the wild-type strain, an increase in RecA protein synthesis following gamma irradiation was detected in a lexA disruptant, indicating that LexA is not involved in the induction of RecA in D. radiodurans.
The pig heart grows rapidly in the first few days after birth. We examined the effects of simvastatin, atorvastatin, and pravastatin on heart growth in piglets. After vehicle, 2 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) simvastatin, 2 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) atorvastatin, or 4 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) pravastatin were administered orally for 6 days, the thoracic cavity was opened, and the heart was removed under pentobarbital sodium (30 mg/kg ip) anesthesia. The heart was perfused to remove residual blood. After the heart was blotted dry, the right and left ventricular free walls were dissected. Each free wall was weighed and used for determination of DNA, RNA, and protein concentrations and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity. Simvastatin and atorvastatin resulted in smaller increases with age in the weight, concentrations of RNA and protein, and activity of MAP kinase in the left ventricular free wall, whereas pravastatin did not. The parameters of heart growth in the right ventricular free wall were not appreciably affected by either drug. The blood pressure and heart rate were not changed by the treatments. These results suggest that simvastatin and atorvastatin interfere with heart growth in neonatal piglets after birth, especially in the left ventricular free wall.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Risk of hip fracture after stroke is 2 to 4 times that in a reference population. Osteomalacia is present in some patients with hip fractures in the absence of stroke, while disabled elderly stroke patients occasionally have severe deficiency in serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) (</=5 ng/mL). To determine the effects of vitamin D status on hip fracture risk, we prospectively studied a cohort of patients with hemiplegia after stroke who were aged at least 65 years. METHODS: We compared baseline serum indices of bone metabolism, bone mineral density, and hip fracture occurrence in stroke patients with serum 25-OHD </=25 nmol/L (</=10 ng/mL; deficient group, n=88) with findings in patients from the same cohort who had 25-OHD levels 26 to 50 nmol/L (10 to 20 ng/mL; insufficient group, n=76) or >/=51 nmol/L (>/=21 ng/mL; sufficient group, n=72). RESULTS: Over a 2-year follow-up interval, hip fractures on the paretic side occurred in 7 patients in the deficient group and 1 patient in the insufficient group (P<0.05; hazard ratio=6.5), while no hip fractures occurred in the sufficient group. The 7 hip fracture patients in the deficient group had an osteomalacic 25-OHD level of <5 ng/mL. Higher age and severe immobilization were noted in the deficient group. Serum 25-OHD levels correlated positively with age, Barthel Index, and serum parathyroid hormone. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly disabled stroke patients with serum 25-OHD concentrations </=12 nmol/L (</=5 ng/mL) have an increased risk of hip fracture. Immobilization and advanced age cause severe 25-OHD deficiency and consequent reduction of BMD.
Bronchial epithelial cells may contribute to airway inflammation by releasing chemokines and expressing surface membrane molecules involved in the adhesion of leukocytes. We found that interferon (IFN)-gamma stimulates expression of fractalkine, a potent chemoattractant for monocytes and T lymphocytes, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner by normal human bronchial epithelial cells in culture. Enhanced expression of fractalkine messenger RNA was confirmed by both reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction and Northern blotting. IFN-gamma also stimulated fractalkine protein production and most of the protein was found in cell lysates. The adherence of blood mononuclear cells to the monolayers of bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with IFN-gamma was partly inhibited by an antifractalkine antibody. An antibody against intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was similarly effective in inhibiting the adhesion. Fractalkine protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from patients with inflammatory diseases correlated positively with mononuclear cell counts in the fluids. The bronchial epithelium in a biopsy specimen of lung cancer was stained positively by immunofluorescent staining for fractalkine. We conclude that IFN-gamma stimulates fractalkine expression by bronchial epithelial cells, which may play an important role in inflammatory responses by recruiting mononuclear leukocytes to the bronchial epithelium.
The Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rat is a well-characterized model of spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis. It has been shown that dietary administration of lycopene or the herbal medicine Sho-saiko-to (TJ-9) has anticarcinogenic activity, although the mechanism by which these products protect against carcinogenesis is not well known. We investigated the outcome of administration of lycopene and TJ-9 on the occurrence of hepatic neoplasia in LEC rats. A diet containing 0.005% lycopene (originally the product of tomato oleoresin containing 13% lycopene) and 1% TJ-9 (crude extracts of 7 herbs: bupleurum root, pinellia tuber, scutellaria root, jujube fruit, ginseng root, glycyrrhiza root, and ginger rhizome) was administered from 6 weeks of age until the rats were sacrificed at 76 weeks of age, at which time most of the nontreated animals were known to have hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Development of HCC in treated groups was analyzed histologically by comparison with untreated controls. Glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) was analyzed by an immunohistochemical method. Concentration of copper, iron, and zinc, which appear to play a role in hepatocarcinogenesis in LEC rats, was analyzed. The percent areas of HCC in the liver specimens of control, lycopene, and TJ-9 groups were 17.9 +/- 17.1%, 27.2 +/- 20.8%, and 27.6 +/- 18.4%, respectively. These intergroup differences were not significant. The percent area, number of areas, and mean size of area staining positively for GST-P revealed no significant differences between the groups. The number of GST-P-positive areas within the HCC lesions was greater in the TJ-9 group than in the control or lycopene group (p = 0.024 and p = 0.012, respectively). The study also demonstrated a lower concentration of iron in livers of the lycopene group than the control group (p = 0.019). There were no differences in serum alpha-fetoprotein levels or the cumulative survival rates between the groups. In conclusion, long-term administration of lycopene or TJ-9 did not reduce the risk of hepatocarcinogenesis in LEC rats.
It has been demonstrated that calcitonin-binding sites are present in a variety of tissue types, including in the pituitary gland. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is also produced in the pituitary and it regulates the secretion of various hormones. In this study, we examined the expression of the calcitonin receptor and the mechanism of IL-6 production induced by calcitonin in the pituitary folliculo-stellate cell line (TtT/GF). The mRNA of calcitonin receptor subtype C1a, but not that of C1b, was detected by RT-PCR in TtT/GF cells and in the normal mouse pituitary. Calcitonin increased cAMP accumulation and IL-6 production in a concentration-dependent manner in TtT/GF cells. As calcitonin activates the PKA and PKC pathways, we investigated the contributions of PKA and PKC to IL-6 production. IL-6 production was only slightly increased by either 8-bromo-cAMP (1 mM) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (100 nM) alone. However, IL-6 was synergistically induced in the presence of both 8-bromo-cAMP (1 mM) and phorbol 12myristate 13-acetate (100 nM). Furthermore, calcitonin-induced IL-6 production was completely suppressed by H-89 (PKA inhibitor) or GF109203X (PKC inhibitor), indicating that the activation of both PKA and PKC is necessary for calcitonin-induced IL-6 production. On the other hand, pertussis toxin (G(i)/G(o) signaling inhibitor) treatment achieved an approximately 9-fold increase in calcitonin-induced IL-6 production. These results show that calcitonin-stimulated IL-6 production is mediated via both PKA- and PKC-signaling pathways, whereas calcitonin also suppresses IL-6 production by activating G(i)/G(o) proteins in folliculo-stellate cells.
The present study was conducted to clarify the effects of Dai-kenchu-to on accelerated small intestinal movement. We evaluated the effects of Dai-kenchu-to and its constituent herbs (dried ginger root, ginseng, zanthoxylum fruit, and malt sugar) on carbachol-accelerated mouse small intestinal transit, and contractions induced by low-frequency electrostimulation (ESC), KCl, or acetylcholine (ACh) using isolated guinea pig ileum. Dai-kenchu-to (10-300 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly improved carbachol-accelerated small intestinal transit in a dose-dependent manner. Using a concentration with the compounded rate for Dai-kenchu-to 300 mg/kg, carbachol-accelerated small intestinal transit was also significantly improved with a single dose of dried ginger root or ginseng. At a concentration of 3 x 10(-5) g/ml or less, Dai-kenchu-to, dried ginger root, and ginseng all inhibited ESC but not KCl- or ACh-induced contractions. However, at a higher concentration of Dai-kenchu-to (10(-4) g/ml) or zanthoxylum fruit (10(-5) g/ml or more) the ESC were enhanced. Both Dai-kenchu-to and dried ginger root at 10(-3) g/ml remarkably inhibited the KCl-induced contractions. These results indicate that Dai-kenchu-to improves accelerated small intestinal movement and that dried ginger root and ginseng may be involved in this effect. It is also thought that the mechanisms mainly involve the direct inhibition of smooth muscle but with a contribution from neural inhibition.
We examined the development of tolerance to nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate; GTN) in the rat when isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN) or GTN was continuously infused. Under pentobarbital anesthesia (60 mg/kg, i.p.), mean arterial blood pressure was measured via the left common carotid artery. Bolus injection of ISMN (0.25-250 mg/kg) and GTN (0.25 microg/kg-2.5 mg/kg) was made into the right external jugular vein. ISMN (2.5 mg/h/rat for 7 d), GTN (1.3 microg/h/rat for 7 d), or GTN (0.2 mg/h/rat for 3 d) was infused continuously using an osmotic pump embedded subcutaneously. Bolus injection of ISMN and GTN decreased arterial blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. The hypotensive effect of ISMN was 2000 times less potent than that of GTN. The GTN-induced hypotensive effect was not affected after continuous infusion of ISMN, whereas it was attenuated after continuous infusion of GTN at either dose. Chronic treatment with ISMN does not induce GTN tolerance as easily as treatment with GTN.
We studied the effects of 17 kinds of Kampo-formulations prescribed for the treatment of peptic ulcer on H,K-ATPase activity. The activity was strongly inhibited by San-o-shashin-to ([symbol: see text], IC50 = 82 micrograms/ml), Bukuryo-in ([symbol: see text], IC50 = 110 micrograms/ml), Shakuyaku-kanzo-to ([symbol: see text], IC50 = 170 micrograms/ml), Hange-koboku-to ([symbol: see text], IC50 = 290 micrograms/ml), Dai-saiko-to ([symbol: see text], IC50 = 340 micrograms/ml), Irei-san ([symbol: see text], IC50 = 380 micrograms/ml) than other Kampo-formulations. Among the 17 kinds of crude drugs contained in these Kampo-formulation, Rhei Rhizoma, Coptidis Rhizoma, Glycyrrhiza Radix, Cinnamomi Cortex, and Poria have notable inhibitory effects (IC50 = 19-57 micrograms/ml). H,K-ATPase activity was inhibited by sennoside A (Rhei Rhizoma), sennoside B (Rhei Rhizoma), ergosterol (Poria), coptisine (Coptidis Rhizoma), glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhiza Radix), glycyrrhetic acid (Glycyrrhiza Radix), gallic acid (Cinnamomi Cortex) in the 21 components of these crude drugs (IC50 = 1.6-7.9 x 10(-4) M). The inhibition of San-o-shashin-to and Bukuryo-in is considered to be mainly attributed to Rhei Rhizoma and Poria, respectively. The anti-gastric ulcer effects of San-o-shashin-to and Bukuryo-in may be ascribed to the inhibition of H,K-ATPase activity.