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Biomedical subjects

K Satoh

Publications and source records attributed to K Satoh.

At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Cellular organization of locus coeruleus in the rat as studied by Golgi method.

The locus coeruleus (LC) of rats at different ages was studied in sections stained by the Golgi-rapid method. The LC is composed of two types of neurons, medium-sized (20mu x 35mu) and small cells (10mu x 15mu). The medium-sized cells are mainly fusiform in shape and occupy the dorso-caudal part of the nucleus, while pyramidal or multipolar cells frequently occur in the ventral part. Both types of cells bear a moderate to large number of spines on the surface of their soma, which form the main criterion for identifying the LC neurons. Though they radiate several relatively short dendrites in different directions, which bifurcate once or twice, the medio-ventral ramification is prevailing, extending beyond the limit of cells to the pontine central gray adjacent to the LC. The latter region might constitute the principal receptive sites of LC for inputs from various origins. Axons of LC neurons take their initial course either latero-rostral- or latero-caudalwards, while some axons divide dichotomously rostral- and caudalwards. Fine axon collaterals are frequently demonstrated within the LC and sometimes seem to contact with dentrites of LC neurons. Besides this, two kinds of afferents of unknown origins are observed between LC neurons. At least three kinds of small oval neurons are occasionally impregnated, though their axonal distributions cannot be demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Chemotherapeutic effect of cefoxitin on experimental pyelonephritis in rats. Comparative study with cefazilin.

Ascending pyelonephritis was successfully produced in rats by means of direct inoculation with a virulent strain of Escherichia coli into the bladder enclosing a glass ball. 3-Carbamoyloxymethyl-7-alpha-methoxy-7-[2(2-thienyl)-acetamido]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (cefoxitin) or cefazolin as a control drug was applied to the affected rats characterized by purulent inflammation in pelvis and medulla sometimes accompanied with abscess formation in medulla and/or coretex 3 days after challenge. The treatments were performed at an i.v. dose of 40 mg/kg 3 times a day for 5 consecutive days. The improvement of the disease, that is disappearance of the bacilli in the kidney, improvement of BUN value and of histopathological findings in cefoxitin-treated animals was approximately equal to that in cefazolin-treated ones. Both antibiotics exhibited great effectiveness against purulent pyelonephritis, however, not sufficiently effective against medullar and cortical abscesses. Chemotherapeutic effect of cefoxitin on experimental pyelonephritis was discussed with special reference to its distribution into the affected tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Organization and projections of the neurons in the dorsal tegmental area of the rat.

The organization and projection of the neurons in the dorsal tegmental area at the locus coeruleus level of the rat have been investigated by means of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method, combined with monoamine oxidase staining to identify the noradrenaline (NA) neurons. Judging from the anatomical aspects elucidated in this study, this area is composed of various different cell groups. Although the functional role of these neuronal groups remains to be determined, the present study strongly suggests that the dorsal tegmental area participates in important regulation of several brain functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Afferent fiber connections from the lower brain stem to the rat cerebellum by the horseradish peroxidase method combined with MAO staining, with special reference to noradrenergic neurons.

The origin of cerebellar noradrenaline (NA) was investigated by means of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method, combined with the monoamine oxidase (MAO) staining method to identify the NA neurons. The present study gives clear cut evidence that the main source for cerebellar NA in the rat is the locus coeruleus (Lc), both the dorsal and ventral parts which innervate the entire cerebral cortex and hypothalamus respectively. The present study clearly demonstrates the pontine NA neurons such as the nucleus subcoeruleus (sc) NA neurons also send their axons to the cerebellum. The fact that some neurons in the nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi and the nucleus commissuralis were labeled by HRP indicates strong possibility that A2 NA neurons also innervate the cerebellum, though direct proof was lacking in this study. Furthermore, some unknown afferent fibers to the cerebellum were found in this study. These are as follows: (1) non-noradrenergic neurons in the Sc area, (2) nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis and nucleus reticularis parvocellularis, (3) group 1 (of Meessen and Olszewski), (4) a cell group extending to the ventrolateral region of the reticular formation of the pons, (5) nucleus ambiguug, (6) nucleus nervi facialis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Noradrenaline innervation of the spinal cord studied by the horseradish peroxidase method combined with monoamine oxidase staining.

The origin of the spinal cord noradrenaline (NA) has been investigated by means of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method, combined with monoamine oxidase staining (Glenner) to identify the NA neurons. Following the injection of HRP to the various levels of rat spinal cord, cervical to sacral cord, A1-3, 5-7 NA neuron groups were labeled with HRP. They showed almost the same distribution pattern regardless of difference in the injected segment. Labeled NA neurons in A6 were concentrated in the ventral division of the locus coeruleus, which continued to the labeled NA neurons in the subcoeruleus area. The HRP positive neurons in the pons outnumbered those of the medulla oblongata. As the NA neurons described above were considered to be the source of NA in the forebrain, such as the hypothalamus and preoptic area, the possibility that the same NA neurons might innervate both the forebrain and spinal cord has been presented.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1977

Prostaglandin F2alpha and E1 in plasma and amniotic fluid during human pregnancy and labor.

In order to elucidate the significance of PGs in human labor, PGE1 and F2alpha in biological fluid during human pregnancy and labor were measured by RIA newly developed. Analytical studies demonstrated that the levels of PGF2alpha in maternal plasma were 3.7 +/- 2.5 ng/ml a few days before parturition, 2.0 +/- 0.9 ng/ml in the first stage of labor and 1.9 +/- 1.4 ng/ml at delivery. Thus the concentrations of PGF2alpha in maternal plasma showed no significant changes around parturition. On the otherhand, the level of PGF2alpha in amniotic fluid represented a significant increase up to 44.27 +/- 32.81 ng/ml at delivery from 1.45 +/- 0.76 ng/ml before labor at 38-40 weeks of pregnancy (p less than 0.05), although it was uncertain whether this elevation was the cause or effect of uterine contraction. The concentration of PGE1 ranged from 2 to 14 ng/ml around parturition. This indicates that there was little remarkable difference between the levels of PGE1 in plasma and amniotic fluid during the last month of pregnancy and labor. Possible involvement of prostaglandins (PGs) in human labor has been discussed.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1977

Catecholamine innervation of the forebrain in the bull frog, Rana catesbiana.

The innervation of forebrain catecholamine (CA) were experimentally investigated with use of sensitive fluorescence method of glyoxylic acid formaldehyde in the brain of the bull frog, Rana catesbiana. The CA of the olfactory bulb is supplied by CA neurons situated in olfactory bulb. And CA neurons in the hypothalamus contribute the main source for the forebrain CA except olfactory bulb. The hypothalamic CA neurons also give rise to long descending axons to innervate the brain stem. Judging from their anatomical aspects it seems that the structure homologous to mammalian nigro-neostriatal dopamine or mesolimbic dopamine system is not present in amphibian brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Fine structure of noradrenaline containing nerve fibers in the median eminence of female rat demonstrated by in situ fixation of potassium permanganate.

Fine structure of noradrenaline (NA) terminals in the internal layer of the median eminence (ME) was elucidated by in situ fixation of potassium permanganate. The NA terminals in ME contained relatively large cored vesicles (about 1000 A) together with a large number of small core vesicle (400-600 A). The most dominant feature that NA terminals show is the closed contact with ependymal cells and their processes. In the bulging abutting on the contact membrane, some of core vesicles fused or touched the membrane appearing to release the content into intercellular space or take up NA from the space. This finding shows that the NA terminals abutting on the ependymal cells and their processes have a close contact with them and give an important influence on regulation of ependymal function. Our present study further revealed that the NA terminals also had a close contact not only with the axon terminals in which ordinary spherical non-cored vesicles were exclusively present but also with the axonal fibers of neurosecretary system. These findings would infer complicated function of NA in ME.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

A demonstration of energy transfer from photosystem II to photosystem I in chloroplasts.

Photosystem I activity of Tris-washed chloroplasts was measured at room temperature as the rate of photoreduction of NADP and as the rate of oxygen uptake mediated by methyl viologen in both cases using dichlorophenolindophenol plus ascorbate as the source of electrons for Photosystem I. With both assay systems the rate of electron transport by Photosystem I was stimulated approx. 20% by the addition of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea which caused the Photosystem II reaction centers to close. Photosystem I activity of chloroplasts was measured at low temperature as the rate of photooxidation of P-700. Chloroplasts suspended in the presence of hydroxylamine and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea were frozen to -196 degrees C after adaptation to darkness or after a preillumination at room temperature. The Photosystem II reaction centers of the frozen dark-adapted sample were all open; those of the preilluminated sample were all closed. The rate of photooxidation of P-700 at -196 degrees C with the preilluminated sample was approx. 25% faster than with the dark-adapted sample. We conclude from both the room temperature and the low temperature experiments that there is greater energy transfer from Photosystem II to Photosystem I when the Photosystem II reaction centers are closed and that these results are a direct demonstration of spillover.

Chloroplasts↗
PubMed1976

Surgical treatment of large ventricular septal defect with pulmonary hypertension in the first 24 months of life.

A total of 74 patients under 24 months of age with large ventricular septal defects (VSD) and pulmonary hypertension were subjected to surgical treatment from 1969 through 1975. Emergency pulmonary artery (PA) banding was performed in 13 patients during the first year of life with 1 death from postoperative respiratory failure. Primary closure of the VSD was performed in 61 patients using simple hypothermia and short-term coronary perfusion, with an operative mortality of 1.6%. There were no late deaths or neurological disturbances. Normal hemodynamic data were obtained in all 7 patients who underwent postoperative cardiac catheterization from one month to five years after the primary correction. It is concluded that primary closure of a VSD in infancy is reasonable and that PA banding is indicated only for those patients less than 6 months old with a complicated defect or in an emergency situation.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗