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Biomedical subjects

K Sanders

Publications and source records attributed to K Sanders.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Bion's 'protomental system' and psychosomatic illness in general practice.

The work of Wilfred Bion, developing the psychoanalytic theories of Freud and Klein on the origins of anxiety in childhood, includes the hypothesis of a protomental system. This he defined as a matrix in the human organism in which physical and mental are at first undifferentiated. His postulate is that this system which equips human beings for life in a group is in conflict with their needs as individuals. The view of the world mediated by basic assumptions, relatively mindless, functioning by unconscious common consent, has a close association with psychosomatic illness. But individuals feel the need for a working relationship with others, where thought can be applied to problems before taking action. Within the family--a special case of a work group--the continuing experience by the infant of parental containment of its anxieties, through a process of projection and introjection, develops its capacity for thinking about frustration rather than evading it. The hypothesis is, that without this experience, frustration may lead to basic assumption mentality and psychosomatic illness rather than emotionality and thought. These ideas have been found useful in general practice as in the five cases described.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

The effect of vitamin C on the rapid induction of aortic changes in rabbits.

Male rabbits were injected intraperitoneally for five consecutive days with one of the following: (A) 0.3 ml/kg dimethyl ethylene glycol (solvent); (B) 40 mg/kg cholesterol and 8 mg/kg ergocalciferol in solvent; (C) same regimen as B with the addition of 150 mg/kg ascorbic acid in water. Daily blood samples were taken for determination of cholesterol and triglycerides, and for lipoprotein electrophoresis. After 5 days of injections, histological sections were made of the aorta at the arch. After 5 days, group B, as compared with group A, had higher serum cholesterol (150 ng/dl vs. 50 mg/dl, p less than 0.005), higher serum triglycerides (650 mg/dl vs. 150 mg/dl, p less than 0.01), and lower high-density lipoprotein (16% vs. 35%, p less than 0.05). On autopsy, discontinuous elastic fibers and intimal damage were seen in sections of the aortas from group B, but not from group A. After 5 days, group C had control levels of cholesterol (55 mg/dl) and triglycerides (160 mg/dl), and no significant difference from the control lipoprotein profile. Injections of cholesterol alone showed a slight induction of aortic lesions and blood chemistry changes. No alterations in these parameters were induced by ergocalciferol alone. The data indicate a prophylactic effect of vitamin C on the biochemical and histological changes rapidly induced by cholesterol and ergocalciferol.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Chromosomes in patients receiving methadone and methadyl acetate.

Chromosomes of peripheral leukocytes were examined in 28 addicts participating in a Veterans Administration-Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention (SAODAP) cooperative study of methadyl acetate vs methadone. Blood samples for 72-hour leukocyte cultures were drawn after nearly 40 weeks of maintenance therapy while subjects were receiving active medication. For comparison, ten nondrug users were also studied. The frequency of chromosome damage was not greater in subjects maintained on methadyl acetate or methadone than in nondrug users.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Worksite cancer screening and nutrition intervention for high-risk auto workers: design and baseline findings of the Next Step Trial.

BACKGROUND: This article describes the design and baseline findings of The Next Step Trial, a health promotion intervention targeting automobile industry employees at increased colorectal cancer risk. The intervention encouraged colorectal cancer screening participation and adoption of low-fat, high-fiber diets. METHODS: Twenty-eight worksites (n = 5,042) were randomized to control (a company-sponsored screening program) or intervention (an enhanced screening program including a personalized educational booklet and motivational telephone call and diet-change program including nutrition classes, self-help materials, and computer-generated personalized feedback). Outcomes included screening compliance and fat and fiber intake. RESULTS: Pretrial data indicated targeted employees were predominantly older, well educated, married, Caucasian men. Sixty-one percent (SE = 2) participated in the screening program in the preceding 2 years, and 24% (SE = 1) reported a history of colorectal polyps or cancer. Fifty-eight percent of the cohort responded to the baseline questionnaire; respondents were older and more educated; more were married, retired, and Caucasian than nonrespondents. Mean dietary intakes were 36.9% energy from fat (SE = 0.21), 8.8 g fiber/1000 kcal (SE = 0.07), and 3.4 servings of fruits and vegetables per day (SE = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Baseline data show moderate screening participation and dietary intakes that did not meet guidelines; hence intervention efforts were warranted. Data from this trial will support a rigorous test of whether this high-risk employee population is responsive to targeted health promotion, early cancer detection, and prevention interventions.

Automobiles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatobiliary scintigraphy with technetium-99m disofenin in the evaluation of neonatal cholestasis.

To assess the reliability of technetium-99m disofenin scanning in evaluating neonatal cholestasis, 33 neonates (less than 3 months of age) with direct hyperbilirubinemia were evaluated prospectively by cholescintigraphy. Results of this test were compared to those of standard serum tests of liver function, ultrasonography, and liver biopsy. The diagnosis of biliary atresia was suggested by a serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) greater than 300 units/L, absence of the gallbladder on ultrasonography, and a lack of detectable radioisotope in the gastrointestinal and/or extrahepatic biliary tract on cholescintigraphy. Each of these tests lacked sensitivity and/or specificity when compared to liver biopsy. Of the nine neonates with biliary atresia, three had gallbladders identified by ultrasonography and two had gamma-GTP less than 300 units/L. Of the 24 neonates without biliary atresia, eight had cholescintigraphy without detectable radioisotope excretion, four had ultrasonography that failed to visualize the gallbladder, and nine had gamma-GTP greater than 300 units/L. Cholescintigraphy excluded the diagnosis of biliary atresia when gut and/or extrahepatic biliary excretion of isotope was seen. However, cholescintigraphy required more time, 6-8 days, and was less specific than ultrasonography and liver biopsy. We recommend that cholescintigraphy should not be routinely used in evaluating neonatal cholestasis, especially if it delays surgical intervention.

Biliary Atresia↗