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Biomedical subjects

K Sakata

Publications and source records attributed to K Sakata.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

A new glucuronide saponin from tea leaves (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis.

A new glucuronide saponin (1) was isolated as its methyl ester (2) from the leaves of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. On the basis of its spectral data and the results of chemical degradation, the structure was elucidated to be 3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-->2)-[beta-D- xylopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->3)]- beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-21-O-cinnamoyl-16,22-di-O-acetylbarr ingtogenol C.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Effect of radiosurgery using Leksell gamma unit on metastatic brain tumor--autopsy case report.

A 77-year-old male presented with gradual development of right hemiparesis. Postcontrast computed tomography (CT) revealed enhanced lesions in the left parietal and right paraventricular areas. Stereotactic brain biopsy led to a histological diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma. The lesions were treated by radiosurgery using the Leksell gamma unit. CT showed reduced size of the lesions after irradiation. The primary lesion could not be found and he died from pneumonia. Autopsy 3 weeks after the irradiation disclosed histological tumor necrosis, with greater tumor cell kill effects toward the center of the tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) using the immunoperoxidase method.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), which are present in Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) and other systemic vasculitis, were detected using the immunoperoxidase method rather than the indirect immunofluorescence method. It was possible to distinguish ANCA patterns (c-ANCA, p-ANCA) by the immunoperoxidase method. When neutrophil smears were treated with 0.4% hydrogen peroxide solution, the endogenous peroxidase activity was sufficiently inhibited. ANCA was also detected, using HL-60 cells (human promyelocytic leukemia) and THP-1 cells (human myelocytic leukemia) as substrates.

Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic↗
PubMed1994

Eosinophil and eosinophil cationic protein in allergic rhinitis.

To evaluate the roles of eosinophils in allergic rhinitis, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels in sera and nasal secretions were measured in 28 patients with allergic rhinitis. In patients, blood eosinophil counts and serum ECP levels were significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant correlation between blood eosinophil count and serum ECP level (r = 0.025). The number of eosinophils and the ECP level in nasal secretion were also measured. In patients, the ECP level increased with the number of eosinophils, and the ECP level in nasal secretion was significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.05). These results suggest that eosinophils and ECP play important roles in allergic rhinitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Storage and utilization of images in otorhinolaryngology.

The amount of data in the field of otorhinolaryngology has rapidly increased, in proportion to the growing number of patients. Medical imaging has especially expanded and the percentage of image data in all information is also large. Because the space to preserve image films is increasing, it is very important to preserve them and make them easily available. Therefore, we have established a graphic filling system for storing endoscopic and radiographic images on VHS video tape and magnet-optical disk (MOD), using a personal computer. The MOD filing system is useful for storing a large amount of medical records. The user can simultaneously see the text data and the picture image on a display, and thus this system can be utilized as a database for both decision making and medical research.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1994

Relationship between peripheral portal blood flow and liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis. Pulsed Doppler ultrasonographic study.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between portal hemodynamics and liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis remains unclear. METHODS: Using pulsed Doppler ultrasonography, we investigated portal hemodynamics in the trunk and the intrahepatic peripheral vessels and its relation to liver function in cirrhotic patients. RESULTS: The portal blood flow in the right anterior branch (RAB) in cirrhotic patients (n = 40) was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than that in normal subjects (n = 40). In the cirrhotic patients the portal blood flow in the RAB was significantly correlated with the values of serum albumin, total bilirubin, cholesterol, cholinesterase, prothrombin time, and ICG R-15, and that in group C (Child's grading) was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) compared with that in group A. No such difference was found in the main portal vein, the right posterior branch, or the umbilical portion of the left portal vein. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in blood flow in the RAB is closely related to the impairment of liver function in cirrhotic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Basal interfalcine approach through a frontal sinusotomy with vein and nerve preservation. Technical note.

The authors describe a new method for a frontal interhemispheric approach when treating craniopharyngiomas of the third ventricle or anterior communicating artery aneurysms. This technique ensures preservation of the bridging veins and the olfactory nerves. This "basal interfalcine approach" involves a craniotomy in the centrobasal portion of the frontal bone (the frontal sinus), removal of the inner tables and the crista galli, and splitting the basal portion of the falx into two leaves, through which the basal interhemispheric fissure is opened. The olfactory nerves are protected by the leaves of the falx, and the bridging veins are preserved because the approach is low enough to spare them. The surgical techniques are described together with a unilateral variation of this approach. The significance of preserving the bridging veins is discussed in connection with avoidance of postoperative contusional hemorrhage.

Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

[A study of the drug distribution on intra-hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy; how much difference between continuous infusion and rapid infusion?].

The subjects were 41 cases with implantable reservoir systems for unresectable hepatic tumors. We evaluated the difference in drug distribution between intra-hepatic arterial continuous infusion and rapid infusion using hepatic perfusion scintigraphy by 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin via reservoirs. The 41 cases were divided into 2 groups (A and B) according to the imaging of the perfusion scintigraphy. There were 17 cases in group A with equal distribution and 24 cases in group B with a different distribution between the continuous infusion and the rapid infusion. The 24 cases in group B were subdivided into groups according to the distribution of 99mTc-MAA in and around liver. In some cases the distribution pattern after rapid infusion improved more than with continuous infusion. These results suggested that the infusion method must be selected for every case.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1994

[Prevalence estimates for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in Japan from National Survey of Circulatory Disorders 1990 data].

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Japan was estimated from fructosamine and hemoglobin A1c measurement data obtained from the National Survey of Circulatory Disorders 1990, using a previously reported method which used the results of a screening test for estimating true prevalence. The prevalence for males was higher than that for females. The prevalences were less than 10% for those 49 years or younger and approximately 20% for those 50 years or older. The estimated values derived from fructosamine or hemoglobin A1c did not vary considerably.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Six cases of upper urinary tract diseases including tumors and inflammatory lesions which suggest the significance of urine cytology in preoperative diagnosis].

We present six cases of upper urinary tract diseases including tumors and inflammatory lesions in which the urine cytology rather than the radiological examinations was useful for their preoperative diagnoses. Three of the six cases had malignant diseases and the others had benign diseases. In all cases preoperative results of urine cytology were identical to histopathological findings of resected specimens; the cases with positive findings in urine cytology had ureter cancers and those with negative findings had benign diseases. Primary CIS of upper urinary tract was found in two of six cases, which is still uncommon in Japan. Since it is very difficult to make a preoperative diagnosis of primary CIS by radiological examinations, the present study showed that urine cytology is useful for its preoperative diagnosis. Recently endoscopic techniques for the diagnosis of upper urinary tract tumors are in clinical use. The ureteroscopic biopsy is recommended for the case in which the diagnosis using urine cytology is difficult.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Radiation therapy for patients of malignant salivary gland tumors with positive surgical margins.

PURPOSE: Surgery is an essential part of treatment for tumors of the salivary gland, yet there is increasing evidence in the literature supporting the necessity of adjuvant radiation therapy. The patients described in this report were selected to receive postoperative radiation therapy because they were found to have positive margins. We have reviewed their records to identify factors influencing the control of local disease, the development of distant metastases and overall survival, and to define the role of postoperative radiation therapy in patients with positive surgical margins. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 17 patients with malignant tumors originating from the major salivary glands seen between 1970 and 1988 who were treated with surgery and postoperative radiation therapy were reviewed. All patients had positive surgical margins. RESULTS: Overall local control at five years was 65%. Classified by T-stage, local control was obtained in all two patients for T1 disease, in five of six for T2, in four of six for T3, and in none of three for T4. At five years, the ratio of patients free of distant metastases was two of two for T1 lesion, four of six for T2, three of six for T3, and none of three for T4. Five-year survival was obtained in all eight patients with T1 and T2 lesions, four of six for T3, and one of three for T4. Patients with neck nodal metastases present in the neck at admission did worse than those with negative nodes, with 0% (none of three patients) free of locoregional recurrence vs. 71% (eleven of 14), 0% (none of three) free of distant metastases vs. 63% (nine of 14), and 0% (none of three) survival at five years vs. 93% (13 of 14). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative radiation therapy for patients with positive surgical margins was effective for T1 and T2 disease. However, patients with T3 and T4 disease require more aggressive therapy. Patients with nodal metastases in the neck at admission tended to have distant metastases and had poor prognoses. Further therapeutic measures using adjuvant chemotherapy might be explored for these patients. Patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma with positive surgical margins tended to have perineural invasion and distant metastases. However, the utility of chemotherapy for patients of adenoid cystic carcinoma with distant metastases remains uncertain, because effective drugs for adenoid cystic carcinoma do not exist and patients live for several years without chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[A method of estimation for prevalence of diabetes mellitus from fructosamine levels].

A method for estimating the prevalence interval of diabetes mellitus from fructosamine data is presented, which is based on the previously reported method for estimating prevalence from results of screening tests and on the results of 75 gram glucose tolerance test and fructosamine test in 1,359 examinees. Where true prevalences are 1-20% and population size is 100-10,000, the estimates for prevalence of diabetes mellitus are generally minimum when a screening level of 310 mumol/l of fructosamine is utilized. In our method, a screening level for fructosamine of 310 mumol/l was specified. Standard error ratios of estimated prevalence of diabetes mellitus to true prevalence in a population with an actual prevalence of 10% were about 40% for a population of 200 persons, and about 20% for 2,000 persons or more.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1994

[Drug-resistant multiple myeloma with high serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase and neutrophil infiltration in pleural effusion].

A 57-year-old male patient with multiple myeloma showed an aggressive course with characteristic clinical features: rapid progression of plasmacytoma in the thoratic cavity, high serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which is usually not elevated in myeloma patients, and neutrophil infiltration in pleural effusion. Despite treatment with vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone, the tumor mass had become non-responsive to chemotherapy and been increasing in size in correlating with the increase of serum levels of LDH. The patient died of respiratory failure 4 months after treatment. Thus the serum level of LDH is thought to be a useful clinical marker to monitor disease activity as well as other markers such as monoclonal immunoglobulin and beta 2-microglobulin. To investigate the cause of neutrophil infiltration into pleural effusion, we cultured plasma cells obtained from the effusion for 3 days in serum-free medium and examined the activity of neutrophil chemotaxis in the culture supernatant. The results showed chemotactic activity in the supernatant as high as in positive controls stimulated with a chemotactic factor, formyl-methionyl leucyl phenyl-alanine, suggesting that tumor cells produced neutrophil chemotactic factor(s).

Chemotaxis, Leukocyte↗
PubMed1994

Wide variation of probability of local failure and distant metastasis among various stages of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Although radiation therapy is the mainstay of therapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the optimal dosage schemes for treating the primary tumor or cervical lymph node metastases have not been generally agreed upon. NPC is thought to be a tumor well suited to treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy because distant metastases are more common than with other head and neck sites. However, there are several reports that fail to demonstrate improved survival in chemotherapy treated patients. Careful selection of patients for chemotherapy may be required in order to show a benefit. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 61 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma seen between January, 1972 and December, 1985 who were treated with radiation therapy alone were reviewed. We analyzed the factors influencing distant metastasis and primary control. RESULTS: The five-year survival rate for observed and relapse-free survival were 44% and 31%, respectively. The survival rates for N3 in TNM classification and for N3 in Ho's classification were significantly worse and distant metastasis rates were significantly higher as compared with N0, N1, N2. 16 of 25 patients who had distant metastases developed them following locoregional failure. No patient with N0, N1, N2a, N2b developed distant metastases without a locoregional recurrence. There were several recurrent cases in which radiation was terminated when tumor disappeared at inspection or palpation. The five-year survival rates for T4 was 0%. CONCLUSION: The patients with N3 in TNM. Ho's classification or locoregional failure may be candidates for chemotherapy, because they have a high probability of distant metastasis. CT should be used in T staging routinely to exclude tumor involvement of the base of the skull. 70 Gy may be appropriate for T3 disease, even if tumor disappeared at lower doses. More than 70 Gy may be required to treat T4 tumors. 50 Gy may be appropriate for N0, N1 and N2b and 70 Gy for N2c and N3, even if tumor was not palpable at lower doses.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1994

[Surgical repair of an extreme type of tetralogy of Fallot using valved extracardiac conduit].

Three patients with an extreme type of tetralogy of Fallot underwent corrective surgery using the valved extracardiac conduit for reconstruction of the main pulmonary arteries. The conduit consisted of bicuspid valve which was made of heterogeneous pericardium of 18 or 20 mm in diameter. The conduit was sutured to the pulmonary artery followed by an end-to-end anastomosis between the conduit and a Dacron tube which was sutured to the right ventricular outflow tract. Postoperative echocardiography showed little pulmonary regurgitation. Postoperative courses of all the patients have been uneventful.

Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation↗
PubMed1993

Radiation therapy of well-differentiated neuroblastoma and central neurocytoma.

BACKGROUND: Central neurocytoma is a rare intraventricular tumor with prominent neuronal differentiation. Although reported cases of this disease are increasing, the clinical benefit of radiation therapy remains unclear. METHODS: From 1979 to 1990, two patients with central neurocytoma and five with well-differentiated neuroblastomas received radiation therapy. Five were men and two were women; the age at onset ranged from 20 to 37 years (mean age, 25.6 years). The follow-up period ranged from 14 to 134 months (median, 68 months). The initial histologic diagnosis was oligodendroglioma in five, ependymoma in one, and suspected central neurocytoma in one. Electron microscopic examination showed numerous neuronal processes containing microtubules and membrane-bound neurosecretory granules. Well-formed synaptic junctions were observed in the two cases of central neurocytoma. All patients underwent partial or subtotal tumor resection before radiation therapy (partial resection in three and subtotal resection in four). Three patients received radiation therapy locally, up to 50-60 Gy. Four cases were treated with a combination of whole brain irradiation (32-40 Gy) and local irradiation (20-32 Gy). RESULTS: Treatment results were quite favorable, and all patients are alive and well without evidence of recurrence. Computed tomography studies showed that bulky residual tumors disappeared from several months to 1 year after the completion of radiation therapy. In a patient who had surgery again, significant vacuolar degeneration was observed by light microscopic examination. CONCLUSIONS: A high level of radiosensitivity was confirmed, but additional data are required to clarify the clinical benefit of radiation therapy.

Adult↗