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Biomedical subjects

K Sakamoto

Publications and source records attributed to K Sakamoto.

At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Prevention of gastric ulcers in swine by feeding of sodium polyacrylate.

Five experiments involving 169 swine were conducted to determine the effects of 0.1% to 0.5% sodium polyacrylate (PANa) in rations of growing swine on weight gain, feed conversion, and occurrence of esophagogastric lesions. Seemingly, PANa prevented swine from developing esophagogastric ulcers. Esophagogastric ulcers or erosions occurred in 42.9% of the swine fed a PANa-free diet, but occurred in only 9.8% of those fed a diet containing PANa. Addition of PANa (0.1% to 0.5%) to the growing ration increased weight gain and feed conversion. The anti-ulcer effect of PANa was discussed.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1981

[Variation of lipids in rats fed a cholesterol diet (author's transl)].

Experimental hyperlipemia induced by a high cholesterol diet (HCD) in male Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated by measuring lipid levels in serum, liver and aorta. For old rats were fed a laboratory chow diet containing 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% of cholesterol, for 6 weeks. Serum total lipid (TL) and total cholesterol (TC) in 1.0% HCD were markedly increased and reached peaks by feeding HCD for 18 to 21 days. Although the degree of increase in serum TL and TC was similar in both 0.5 and 2.0% HCD groups, these levels decreased more rapidly in the former and more slowly in the latter, after the levels had been reached a peak. The serum free cholesterol level reached a peak in those fed 0.5% HCD for 12 days and those fed 1.0% HCD for 21 days, but the subsequent reduction was smaller in extent as compared with serum TL and TC. Serum phospholipid (PL) level reached a peak in those fed both 0.5 and 1.0% HCD groups for 12 days and this level was maintained until 42 days in the 1.0% HCD group. Serum triglyceride (TG) levels increased during the first half of the experimental period, but decreased in the second half, with no significant difference between the 0.5 and 1.0% HCD groups. Cholesterol in high density lipoprotein (HCD-C) decreased in rats on the HCD and there was a tendency toward reversion to normal levels from the 4th week in the group on the 2.0% diet, however, a continual decrease occurred in the 0.5 and 1.0% groups. The change in phospholipid in HDL (HDL-PL) was similar to that of HDL-C in both the 0.5 and 1.0% HCD groups. In liver lipids, TL and TC were markedly increased by HCD, but TG increased at first and then decreased as did serum TG. Liver PL decreased by 0.5 and 1.0% HCD groups. In aorta lipids, TL and TC decreased. As a remarkable increase in serum lipids and decrease in HDL-C and HDL-PL were continuous in the 1.0% HCD in comparison with 0.5 or 2.0% HCD, 1.0% HCD appears to be the most suitable experimental model of hyperlipemia in rats. In addition, it is considered that 0.5% HCD is suitable for investigation of the effect of a drug for a relatively short period of treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Heterotransplantation of human urinary bladder cancers in nude mice.

Thirty-one human urinary bladder cancers were transplanted subcutaneously into congenitally athymic nude mice. Subcutaneous growth was obtained in eight at the initial transplantation. Only one of these eight successful transplants, which was derived from squamous cell carcinoma, has been serially transplanted successfully and was characterized by high thromboplastic and low fibrinolytic activities which were virtually constant throughout the serial passages. This strain will provide a useful model system for studying anticancer therapies.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Persistent transfusion-associated infectious mononucleosis with transient acquired immunodeficiency.

Trauma and blood transfusion led to profound, persistent infectious mononucleosis in a 21 year old man. Splenectomy and trauma had apparently produced transient immune deficiency which was complicated by osteomyelitis of a fractured tibia. The transfused blood probably contained Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Infectious mononucleosis had ensued 25 days after a blood transfusion was given, antibodies to EBV appeared in his serum, and the infectious mononucleosis persisted for nearly two years. His immunity returned gradually to normal, but because of nonunion of the fracture site, which was infected by Staphylococcus aureus, above-knee amputation was required. The acquired, transient immune deficiency to EBV and profound infectious mononucleosis seen in this patient is analogous to inherited, permanent immune deficiency to this virus in the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Role of hyaluronidase in immediate hypersensitivity reaction.

Hyaluronidase (Hydase) activity in 48-hr homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) increased about one and one-half times the control for 5 min after challenge with antigen, then gradually decreased and disappeared after 30 min. Change in Hydase activity correlated well with the increase in capillary permeability by PCA. DSCG and BPS given intravenously 10 min prior to challenge produced increases in capillary permeability and Hydase activity caused by PCA was inhibited. Chlorpheniramine inhibited the increase of the capillary permeability, but not the acceleration of Hydase. Prednisolone neither affected the capillary permeability nor the Hydase activity. Similar results were also obtained in in vitro studies. An increase in the capillary permeability caused by PCA, histamine, or 5-HT was additionally augmented by Hydase. Thus, Hydase appears to be involved in the increase in the capillary permeability caused by an immediate hypersensitivity reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Estimation of in vivo digestibility with the laying hen by an in vitro method using the intestinal fluid of the pig.

1. Dry matter and crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25) digestibility of four poultry diets determined by an in vitro method using the intestinal fluid of pigs was significantly correlated with corresponding in vivo digestibility values obtained with hens. 2. The intestinal fluid could be lyophilized and stored for at least 35 d without losing its activity on digestion.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1980

A mouse model of the pathogenesis and postexposure prophylaxis of rabies.

A mouse model for the study of postexposure prophylaxis of rabies was established. Mice injected intramuscularly with a street strain of rabies virus were significantly protected from death by five daily 0.2-ml doses of inactivated rabies vaccine of chick embryo cell culture origin initiated immediately or 3 hr after infection. In these mice, a large amount of circulating interferon was induced as early as 1 hr after the first dose of vaccine and lasted until at least 12 hr but no such amount of interferon was induced by additional doses of vaccine. Serum antibody was first detected in the mice on day 6. It was noted that some of the surviving mice manifested an ataxia or paralysis of the legs. Increasing mortality rates were shown in mice treated with decreasing doses of the vaccine. Passive protection tests using concentrated IgG and IgM antibodies with equivalent neutralization titers showed that IgG antibody gave total protection when given 24 hr before the infection, while it was almost totally ineffective in reducing the mortality when given 2 days or more after infection. IgM antibody did not protect the mice even when given 24 hr before infection. These results suggest that interferon production is more important than antibody production in the initial stages of protection by postexposure vaccination. However, the mechanisms of postexposure prophylaxis in this model could not be explained only by the interferon produced by the vaccine and the possible contributions of additional mechanisms were suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Characterization of mutagenic principles and carcinogenicity of dill weed and seeds.

Among the various kinds of spices tested, the aqueous extracts of dill weed from Anethum graveolens L. and dill seeds from A. sowa D.C. (Umbelliferae), exhibited a mutagenicity to Salmonella typhimurium, strains TA98 and TA100. The aqueous methanol extracts were fractionated by the mutation assay using the strain TA98 with S-9 Mix. Isorhamnetin 3-sulfate (persicarin) and quercetin 3-sulfate were characterized as the mutagenic principles. Carcinogenicity was not observed for dill weed and seeds when the diets containing these in 33% were administered for 450 and 410 days, respectively, to the inbred strain ACI rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Inhibition of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) by disodium cromoglycate-related compounds.

A study was conducted to examine the effect on homologous PCA in rats of 14 different, newly synthesized compounds, given orally, in relation to the chemical structure of DSCG, when given orally on homologous PCA in rats. The structure-activity relationship of these compounds was also discussed. Among the 7 compounds of the glycerol bischromenonyl ether derivatives, 1,3-bis (2-phenyl-4-chromenon-5-yl) oxypropane-2-ol (compound 1) showed the most potent inhibitory activity on PCA. The other compounds showed a moderate or no effect. Two compounds of glycerol bisphenyl ether derivatives had little effect. On the other hand, 1,3-bis (2-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl)oxypropane (compound 11) out of alkandiol bisphenyl ether derivatives significantly inhibited PCA, and the other 4 compounds showed a tendency toward inhibition of the reaction. The late inhibition, seen in the biphasic inhibitory pattern induced by compound 11, may be caused by a certain active substance transformed in the body.

Animals↗