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Biomedical subjects

K Sakamoto

Publications and source records attributed to K Sakamoto.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Observation study on natural walking in the Tokyo metropolitan.

In this study, data on walking speed, step numbers, cadence of natural walking were collected and their relations to foot wear, clothing, luggage carried and time of the day as well as crowdedness were investigated. This survey was held in Shinjuku, Tokyo in 1991. Six thousand three hundred and seventy nine walking people were observed from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm. Ten students who were trained to observe the walking were employed for the data collection. The observed subjects were divided into three age groups, namely young (less than 30 years), middle (31-60 years) and elder (over 61 years), and their age groups were decided by the students based on their appearance. For the analysis, they were further classified into male and female groups. The factors which affect walking speed, step number and cadence were taken into consideration. It was found that young people were more sensitive to their factors in their natural walking and old people showed lower flexibility to these factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The influence of drinking on physiological tremor and reaction time.

Tremor is an invisible mechanical vibration observed on parts of the body. It is classified into physiological and pathological tremors. It was reported that an oral dose of alcohol could decrease the amplitude of pathological tremor. Usually, drunken level is estimated by the alcohol concentration in expiration. But, physiological tremor can be used to estimate drunken level easily. In this paper, power spectrum of the physiological tremor of index finger and some reaction time of the pedal operations of imitated car driving were measured every 15 minutes for 3 hours under drinking and non-drinking conditions. Subjects were 10 males aged 20 to 25 years. Under drinking condition, the total power values of tremor from 15 to 180 minutes after drinking were smaller than that of before drinking. It is clear that the influence of drinking could be estimated by the total power of the physiological tremor, even when the significant difference of the influence of drinking on reaction time was not found.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A case-control study on risk factors for leukemia in a district of Japan.

A case control study was performed with 142 leukemia patients and 284 controls matched for age and sex. Occupation, birth order, past medical history, and drinking and smoking habits were compared in these two groups. Persons born first or fourth were found to have a higher incidence of leukemia. History of a fracture was one of the risk factors for acute leukemia, and a history of gastroduodenal ulcer was a risk factor for chronic leukemia. This may suggest that extensive exposure to X-rays in diagnosis and treatment is a risk factor for leukemia. There was a significant dose-response relationship between the amount of smoking and the incidence of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, but not between the amount of alcohol consumption and the incidence of leukemia. Thus, smoking was one of the risk factors for acute leukemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Extent and location of cerebral infarcts on multiplanar MR images: correlation with distribution of perforating arteries on cerebral angiograms and on cadaveric microangiograms.

The basal gray matter in the cerebrum is supplied by different anatomical groups of perforating arteries, including striate, thalamic, and choroidal arteries. In this pictorial essay we illustrate multiplanar MR imaging of infarctions in those regions and correlate their appearances with cerebral angiographic findings of the same patients when available. We also correlate the extent and location of infarctions on multiplanar MR images with the anatomical distributions of perforating arteries seen on microangiograms of unrelated cadavers. Information conveyed from this correlation will increase understanding of patterns of basal cerebral infarction shown on cross-sectional imaging.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Stereoselective disposition and metabolism of pinacidil in rat.

1. An hplc method has been established for the determination of the enantiomer ratios of pinacidil and pinacidil-pyridine-N-oxide (M-1), using a beta-cyclodextrin-containing mobile phase. 2. Shortly after the administration of racemic pinacidil (2 mg/kg, i.v. or oral) to rat, the enantiomer ((+)/(-)) ratios of pinacidil in plasma were about 1 (i.v.) or > 1 (oral), whereas those of M-1 were < 1; both ratios increased with time. The (+)/(-) ratios of M-1 and pinacidil in 0.24 h urine samples were 0.65 (i.v.), 0.63 (oral), and 2.09 (i.v.), and 1.56 (oral), respectively, in male rat, and 0.76 (i.v.), 0.77 (oral) and 1.79 (i.v.), and 1.48 (oral), respectively, in female rat. 3. No isomerization of (+)- or (-)-pinacidil was observed during incubation with liver slices, and there was no stereoselectivity in the protein binding of the drug. An (-)-enantiomer-rich M-1, however, was produced after incubation of (+/-)-pinacidil with liver slices. The N-oxidation of (-)-pinacidil exhibited a higher stereoselectivity in males than females (the (+)/(-) ratio of M-1 in male, 0.55; female, 0.68). 4. These results indicated that the stereoselective disposition of pinacidil in rat was due, in large part, to the stereoselective N-oxidation of this drug in the liver.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

[An epidemiological study on the relationship between irascibility and serum lipid level in rural inhabitants].

From the viewpoint of prevention of cerebrovascular disease, we examined the relationship between irritable persons (CMI, Q-180 positive) and the levels of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-chol), HDL-cholesterol among farmers, part-time farmers and non-farmers among 1075 inhabitants, consisting of 306 males with a mean age of 54, and 76 females with a mean age of 49, in a rural area with a high frequency of apoplex. Since the levels of serum TG, T-chol, HDL-chol in male farmers showed the same pattern as that of female part-time farmers, it seemed that the female farmers were working as heavily as the male farmers. Irritable male farmers showed a higher level of TG and lower level of HDL-chol than other personalities. However, irritable female farmers showed significantly lower levels of TG or higher level of HDL-chol than that of other personalities. Obesity measured by BMI of irritable persons showed the same level among occupations in male farmers. Also there was no difference in BMI levels of irritable persons among female part-time farmers and non-farmers. Irritable male farmers showed higher levels of TG and lower levels of HDL-chol than non-farmers and showed the same level of T-chol. The levels of these parameters in non-farmers showed the same levels as in the rural inhabitants. The levels of TG and HDL-chol of irritable male farmers were higher and that of T-chol was lower than those of irritable non-farmers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Serum sialic acid concentration and atherosclerotic risk factors.

To clarify the significance of increased blood sialic acid in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, we investigated the relationship between serum sialic acid level and atherosclerotic risk factors such as serum uric acid, fasting blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, atherogenic index, and white blood cell count. By simple regression analysis, the serum sialic acid level was found to correlate significantly with these parameters. The mean sialic acid level was significantly higher in the highest quartile for serum uric acid than in its lowest quartile and also for fasting blood glucose concentration in comparison with its other three quartiles. A tendency was noted for the mean serum sialic acid level of each quartile to become higher with an increase in the quartiles of systolic or diastolic blood pressure, atherogenic index, and white blood cell count. Multiple regression analysis showed the correlations to be significant for the relationship of serum sialic acid to atherogenic index, mean arterial pressure and white blood cell count. From these results and previous findings of higher serum sialic acid levels in smokers, patients with diabetic angiopathies, and patients with hyperlipidemia, it is suggested that serum sialic acid reflects the degree of atherosclerotic progress involving inflammation processes.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

WS79089A, B and C, new endothelin converting enzyme inhibitors isolated from Streptosporangium roseum. No. 79089. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities.

WS79089A, B and C, which are novel endothelin converting enzyme (ECE) inhibitors have been isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptosporangium roseum No. 79089. These inhibitors were purified from an acetone extract of whole culture broth followed by Silicar CC-4 column chromatography and HPLC. WS79089A, B and C showed highly selective ECE inhibition activity with IC50 values of 0.73 microM 0.14 microM and 3.42 microM, respectively. On the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence, the tentative structures of WS79089A, B and C have been proposed, they have benzo[a]naphtacen chromophores.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1994

[Effects of ethanol on isometric tonus of guinea pig gall bladder strips].

Using gall bladder strips isolated from guinea pigs, effects of ethanol treatment in vitro and in vivo on gall bladder tonus were studied. In the control (glucose administrated) group, the reactivity and sensitivity of ACh contraction of the strips were attenuated by ethanol at the concentration of 200 mM and over, while those of CCK contraction was attenuated at the concentration of 200 mM over. On the other hand, in the strips from guinea pigs chronically administered 3% ethanol, both ACh- and CCK-induced contractions were inhibited by the ethanol at the concentrations of 200 mM over. It is known that CCK and ACh are main humoral factors in situ which influence gall bladder tone, and physiologically attainable concentrations of ethanol are below 100 mM. Therefore, it is concluded that the physiological concentrations of ethanol unlikely affect the motility of gall bladder in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Germinoma originating in the basal ganglia and thalamus: MR and CT evaluation.

PURPOSE: To describe MR and CT features of germinoma originating in the basal ganglia and thalamus and to discuss the roles of each modality for its diagnosis. METHODS: MR and CT studies of six cases of germinomas, five of which were histologically proved, were retrospectively reviewed. T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted conventional spin-echo images, and unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT images were evaluated. RESULTS: Typically, the tumor consisted of an irregular solid area with contrast enhancement and various-size cysts. Cystic components were found in five cases and calcification in four. Intratumoral hemorrhage was noted in one. Ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy and brain stem hemiatrophy were noted in three cases each. MR was superior to CT in evaluating precise tumor extension, cystic components, and intratumoral hemorrhage, although in one case, extension of the tumor was better defined on CT in its early stage. Calcification was difficult to identify by MR alone. The solid components of the tumors generally showed slightly high density on CT, which seemed to be characteristic compared with nonspecific intensity pattern on MR. CONCLUSION: The combination of CT and MR findings allows early detection and appropriate diagnosis of the mass in the basal ganglia and/or thalamus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Human carcinoma cell lines produce biologically active leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF).

We investigated the production of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) by human carcinoma cell lines. LIF mRNA was detected by Northern blot analysis in all 24 carcinoma cell lines of the lung, breast, stomach, colon, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and melanocytes. Seventeen of them (70.8%) secreted LIF in the culture supernatant (range: 40.4-3990.3 pg/ml, mean +/- SEM: 611.8 +/- 262.9 pg/ml). Biologic activity of LIF was confirmed in the culture supernatant of carcinoma cell lines by the MTT assay using M1 cells. The present results showed that human carcinoma cell lines are constitutively producing biologically active LIF. The possible biological significance of LIF produced by cancer cells is discussed.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1994

[Relationships between serum vitamin-A and subjective health, blood and urinary biochemical parameters, dietary intake and food preferences in students].

Students, 60 females (mean age of 19 years) and 54 male (mean age of 23.8 years), were studied for relationships between serum vitamin A concentration (V-A level) and subjective health (by CMI method), birth order, blood and urinary parameters, dietary intake and food preferences. V-A level for females was significantly lower than for males. V-A level significantly and positively correlated to the parameters of hepatic enzymes (gamma-GTP, GOT, GPT), lipid (T-chol, TG) and urinary Na/K. The V-A level showed independent significant correlation to gamma-GTP in multiple regression analysis. V-A level of those born second in birth order showed a tendency to be lower than those first and third in birth order. In females, subjects without subjective CMI complaints had higher level of V-A than those with complaints. This tendency was not seen in males except for items related to the respiratory system. V-A level showed an apparent increase corresponding to daily intake of soybean and vegetables in females, and with amounts of drinking or smoking in male. In males, V-A levels showed a significant positive correlation to serum oxygen peroxide measured by malondialdehyde and did not show an anti-peroxidation effect. In addition positive correlation to total cholesterol was observed in males.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Extended aortic arch anastomosis for coarctation of the aorta and interruption of the aortic arch in early infancy].

We performed extended aortic arch anastomosis, which was so called EAA procedure, for Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA) with hypoplastic aortic arch (HAA) and interruption of the aortic arch (IAA) in 17 infants under three months of age. The proximal anastomosis site was extended into ascending aorta in order that we could make non-obstructive pathway of systemic flow. During anastomosis, we employed mild systemic hypothermia and topical cooling of head and lumber lesion. Satisfactory anastomoses were performed without any neurological and renal complications except one case. Postoperative Doppler echographic evaluation revealed that the mean peak flow velocities at anastomotic site were under 2.0 m/sec at 1 and 2 years after surgery. We concluded that EAA procedure was useful for CoA with HAA and IAA in early infancy.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗