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Biomedical subjects

K Sakai

Publications and source records attributed to K Sakai.

At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of renal function and prediction of renal functional recovery in children with unilateral hydronephrosis using renal pelvic urine].

In 29 children with unilateral hydronephrosis who underwent surgery at the age from 2 months to 15 years (27 patients with ureteropelvic junction stenosis and 2 with obstructive megaureter), beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG), alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1-MG), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and albumin were determined in renal pelvic urine from the hydronephrotic kidney to evaluate renal dysfunction accompanying urinary tract obstruction. Moreover, it was also examined whether it is possible to predict functional recovery of the hydronephrotic kidney on the basis of relation between these indices and pre- and postoperative changes in renal dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) uptake rate. The values of beta 2-MG, alpha 1-MG, NAG and albumin in urine from the renal pelvis were high in 48%, 50%, 75% and 83% of the patients, respectively. Among the patients of one year and up, those with low preoperative DMSA uptake rate tended to have high values of beta 2-MG, alpha 1-MG and NAG. On the contrary, albumin level was high in 78% of patients who had good preoperative DMSA uptake rate. With respect to the relation between pre- and postoperative changes in DMSA uptake rate and each index, beta 2-MG and alpha 1-MG were high in 73% and 62% of patients who exhibited a marked increase in postoperative DMSA uptake rate. In patients without a remarkable change in DMSA uptake rate before and after surgery, on the other hand, the values of these were high only in 25% and 36%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1992

[Effect of unilateral hydronephrosis upon contralateral renal growth].

UNLABELLED: To evaluate the effect of hydronephrosis on the growth of contralateral normal kidney, following experiment was designed and performed. EXPERIMENT: Three to four weeks old S-D rats weighing 80-90 g were used. The kidney development of these rats is considered to be roughly equivalent to that of a one year old child. Those rats were divided into three groups: (1) left nephrectomy (group N), (2) left ureteral ligation (group H), and (3) sham operation (group S). Bromodeoxy uridine (BrdU) was administered intraperitoneally on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th days after operations. One hour after injection of BrdU, right kidneys were removed and wet weight and labelling index (LI) of BrdU were calculated. Compensatory renal growth of right kidneys was observed in both group H and group N on and after 1st or 3rd day. In group N, the growth was accompanied by cellular proliferation, while in group H, hypertrophy was the major finding for up to 5th day. From 7th day on, when significant disorders became histologically evident in the left hydronephrotic kidneys, cell proliferation was also observed in the group H. The above results indicate that compensatory renal growth occurred in the contralateral normal kidney after unilateral ureteral ligation. Although proliferation of right renal tubular cells were recognized when significant tubular and interstitial damage of the left hydronephrotic kidneys were observed, hypertrophy was a major finding in an early stage. We suggest that these results were attributed to (1) reduction of nephron triggered to proliferate tubular cells and (2) the existence of hydronephrotic kidney inhibited tubular cell proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Isolation, characterization and biological activities of concanamycins as inhibitors of lysosomal acidification.

Four new analogues of concanamycin family, designated concanamycins D, E, F G, were isolated from the mycelium of Streptomyces sp. A1509 by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography and HPLC. Structures of these compounds were identified by the combination of spectroscopic analyses. All of these compounds were structurally related to concanamycins A, B and C, which had been isolated previously, and inhibited the acidification of rat liver lysosomes at 10(-11)-10(-9) M concentration. The structure-activity study showed that the 18-membered macrolide ring and the 6-membered hemiketal ring portions of the molecules of concanamycin family are responsible for potent inhibitory activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Acaterin, a novel inhibitor of acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase produced by Pseudomonas sp. A92.

Acaterin, a novel inhibitor of acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), was isolated from a culture broth of Pseudomonas sp. A92 by Diaion HP-20 column chromatography, solvent extraction and reverse phase HPLC. Spectroscopic analyses of the compound yielded 3-(1-hydroxyoctyl)-5-methyl-2(5H)-furanone as the proposed structure. In the presence of oxidized low density lipoprotein, acaterin inhibited the synthesis of cholesteryl ester in macrophage J774 by 50% at a concentration of 45 microM. Acaterin also inhibited ACAT activity in the rat liver microsomes by 50% at a concentration of 120 microM. Kinetic studies suggested that inhibition of ACAT by acaterin was noncompetitive with respect to oleoyl-CoA.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A case of systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with monoclonal CD5 + B cell proliferation suspected as chronic lymphocytic leukemia].

A case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated with monoclonal CD5 + B cell proliferation in peripheral blood and bone marrow is reported. A 59-year-old man suffering from left chest pain was admitted to the hospital because of thrombocytopenia (platelets 1.9 x 10(4)/mm3). The diagnosis of SLE was made from (1) pleuritis (2) autoimmune thrombocytopenia (3) positive anti-DNA antibodies, positive LE cell preparation (4) positive antinuclear antibodies. Prednisolone 60mg per day was started. From that time monoclonal CD5 + B cells began to increase in peripheral blood (maximum lymphocyte counts 11000/mm3, CD5 + B cells 77.6%) and bone marrow, and the complication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was suspected. It is said that patients of CLL often have various autoantibodies, and in about 15% of CLL patients complicate autoimmune hemolytic anemia, but those who develop collagen diseases are rare. And while lymphoid malignancies occur more often in the patients of SLE in comparison with normal subjects, the reports of the patients who complicate the proliferation of monoclonal CD5 + B cells like CLL are very few. But from many facts that indicate the relation between CD5 + B cell or its proliferation and the production of autoantibodies or autoimmune diseases, we consider this case worth to be reported.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1992

[Naming difficulties seen in a case of alexia with agraphia caused by a left postero-inferior temporal lesion].

A 71-year-old right-handed man presented writing and reading difficulties as well as naming difficulties. Neuropsychological examinations revealed mild fluent type aphasia accompanied by alexia and agraphia predominantly affecting kanji and also severe naming difficulties. Brain MRI showed cerebral subcortical hemorrhage extending from the anterior one-third of the left temporal lobe to the temporo-occipital junction involving the fusiform gyrus. The analysis of the several reported cases with severe alexia with agraphia for kanji including ours revealed a close correlation between the severity of kanji writing disturbances and that of naming difficulties. It was also shown that cases with severe naming difficulties had lesion extending anteriorly to the anterior middle temporal gyrus or medially to the parahippocampal gyrus, suggesting that the disconnection between the parahippocampal gyrus and other cortices including the temporal lobe was essential for production of naming difficulties.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Significant difference in the effect of acute saline loading on plasma Na-K ATPase inhibitor and blood pressure between children and adults with essential hypertension.

Twenty-one male children and 3 male adults with essential hypertension were infused with physiological saline solution (15 ml/kg/hr) for 1 hr after they had been supine for 90 min. The blood pressure and heart rate were monitored, and blood was taken twice before and after the infusion to measure the plasma Na-K ATPase inhibitor. After saline infusion, both the plasma Na-K ATPase inhibitor and blood pressure increased significantly in the hypertensive adults, and the number of Na pump sites decreased. However, such changes were not observed in the hypertensive children. These findings suggest that circulating Na-K ATPase inhibitor may not appear following acute saline infusion in hypertensive children unlike in hypertensive adults, and that the mechanisms regulating cell membrane sodium transport and high blood pressure may differ between hypertensive children and adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Immunohistochemical studies of paraneoplastic subacute sensory neuropathy--an analysis of antineuronal antibody and infiltrated lymphocytes].

In order to clarify the pathogenesis of paraneoplastic syndrome, immunohistochemical studies were performed in a patient with subacute sensory neuropathy secondary to a small cell lung cancer. The case was a 73-year-old ex-farmer, whose chief complaints were pins and needles sensation of distal limbs and gait difficulty. After 6 weeks prodromata of pain in the upper limbs and numbness in all the limbs, he became unable to stand up without assistance. Neurological examinations on admission revealed marked sensory disturbances with glove and stocking type hypalgesia to pin prick and the loss of position and vibration senses in the distal extremities. His deep tendon reflexes also decreased in all the limbs. A chest X-ray showed a mass in the left upper lung field. A transbronchial lung biopsy of the mass revealed a small cell carcinoma. He was treated with anti-cancer drugs and radiation but he died of pneumonia after 8 months illness. Autopsy revealed a marked demyelination of the entire posterior column of the spinal cord. Dorsal root ganglia were infiltrated by lymphocytes with significant neuronal loss. Immunohistochemically, most of the infiltrated cells around the neurons were classified as CD8+ with fewer CD4+ lymphocytes. No B-lymphocytes were detected in the ganglia. The HLA-ABC and HLA-DR positive cells were found only among the satellite cells, not in the neurons. The serum and CSF from the patient were immunohistologically reacted with the nuclei and cytoplasm of all neurons of human as well as of rats, indicating the presence of anti-Hu type antineuronal antibody in the patient's CSF as well as serum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Successful pancreatojejunal anastomosis for pancreatoduodenectomy.

A series of 100 patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for carcinoma of the head of the pancreas (36 patients), the bile duct (19 patients), the gallbladder (14 patients), the papilla of Vater (13 patients), the duodenum (seven patients), the stomach (seven patients) or the colon (one patient), or for chronic pancreatitis (two patients) and adenomyoma of the bile duct (one patient) between October 1983 and December 1990. The operative morbidity and mortality rates were 27 and 6 percent, respectively, and failure of the pancreatojejunal anastomosis was the most common post-operative complication (16 patients). Anastomotic leakage correlated significantly with the quality of the pancreatic remnant and the preoperative technique used (p < 0.01). The leakage rate in 34 patients with fibrotic pancreatic tissue was 5.8 percent (two of 34) and was significantly less than that in 66 patients with a normal pancreatic remnant (21.2 percent). Forty-seven patients underwent direct anastomosis between the main pancreatic duct and the jejunum, using mucosa to mucosa sutures and a pancreatic duct drain tube as well as a single layer of sutures between the pancreatic tissue and the jejunum. Only two patients had a pancreatic fistula (4.2 percent) and the incidence was significantly less than that in 53 patients who received the usual technique of double-layer sutures between the pancreatic remnant and the jejunum without a direct anastomosis to the main pancreatic duct (26.4 percent, p < 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Combination therapy of doxifluridine (5'-DFUR) + cyclophosphamide (CPA) + tamoxifen (TAM) for advanced or recurrent breast cancer. Joint Research Group in the Osaka Area for Combination Therapy of 5'-DFUR with Other Drugs].

Outpatients with advanced and recurrent breast cancer were treated by a combination therapy of the following drugs: doxifluridine (5'-DFUR) orally administered at a dose of 1200 mg/day; cyclophosphamide (CPA) orally given at dose of 100 mg/day; and tamoxifen (TAM) orally given at dose of 20 mg daily. 5'-DFUR and CPA were administered on consecutive days 1-14, then discontinued for 14 days. The response rate was 44.8% including five CR and eight PR out of 29 complete cases. As for response cases in terms of the subject lesions, corresponding cases were chiefly found in soft tissue and the lung. As for the response rate with or without pretreatment, cases previously treated showed a higher response rate such as 42.9% indicating that the present therapy was effective in pretreatment cases. The main side effect was leukopenia, but not so severe. Few cases with diarrhea were found. Based on the above findings, the present treatment is conceivably a highly useful therapy, on an outpatient basis, for advanced and recurrent breast cancer, especially metastatic lesions of soft tissue and the lung.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[A case of gastric cancer with recurrent bone metastases successfully treated with induced hypertension chemotherapy using cisplatin].

A sixty-eight-year-old female with bone metastases from gastric cancer successfully treated with induced hypertension chemotherapy using cisplatin is reported. She had undergone R2 curative subtotal gastrectomy in June 1985, and had orally taken tegafur 600 mg/day and then changed to doxifluridine 800 mg/day as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Five months after the operation she had back pains and both 99mTc-MDP and 67Ga-citrate scintigram showed L1 vertebra and rib bone metastasis. Induced hypertension chemotherapy using cisplatin was then intermittently performed from January 1986 to September 1990, a single course of which was 25 mg/body div x 2/week for serial 4 weeks; a total of seven courses were carried out and consequently the total volume of the administered cisplatin reached 1,100 mg. Neither medullar nor renal toxicities were observed, but mild gastrointestinal symptoms were noted. The patient no longer has back pains, and no signs of bone metastases were seen on both scintigrams for two years and eight months from December 1988 to August 1991. This case is very rare because her bone metastases were successfully treated with induced hypertension chemotherapy using cisplatin. However, metastatic bone tumors from gastric cancer usually resist any treatments. It is expected that the successfully treated patients even with bone metastasis will be increasingly reported from now as various new approaches including induced hypertension chemotherapy are introduced.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[Cool storage of fetal rat brain for neural transplantation].

The availability, storage and transportation of donor tissue are major practical problems associated with the potential use of grafted neural cell replacements in neurodegenerative diseases. The capacity to collect and maintain viable fetal neural tissue would facilitate possible clinical applications, and provide opportunities to study various neural diseases. In the present study, we examined the effect of cool storage on the survivability of intraventricular rat fetal ventral mesencephalic grafts (gestational days 15). In all experiments, fetal ventral mesencephalons were dissected out under a dissecting microscope in calcium-free magnesium-free buffer (CMF: 0.15 M NaCl, 0.008 M Na2HPO4, 0.0027 M KCl, 0.0015 M KHPO4, 0.026 M NaHCO3, with 0.1% glucose, 100 micrograms/ml streptomycin, 2.5 micrograms/ml fungizone). Fetal mesencephalic tissue was grafted into the lateral ventricle following pregraft refrigeration in calcium-free magnesium-free buffer at 4 degrees C. Fetal mesencephalic tissue was hibernated for 5, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 hours (group A, B, C, D, E, F and G, respectively). As a control group, fetal mesencephalic tissue was grafted into the lateral ventricle immediately after dissection. Grafted fetal mesencephalic tissue which had been hibernated for 16 hours or less survived well. There were no significant decreases in the size of grafts among group A, B, C and the control group. In group A, B, C and the control group, clusters of TH-positive neurons and dense networks of neuritic profiles within the grafts provided a morphological appearance reminiscent of the dendritic bundles that characterize the zone reticulate of the substantia nigra in situ.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

How blood viscosity influences changes in circulation during pregnancy?

The changes of whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity were studied in 15 normal non-pregnant women, and 120 normal pregnant women ranging from 8 to 39 weeks of gestation. The values of whole blood viscosity during normal pregnancy were significantly lower from 20 to 31 weeks of gestation than those in the other periods of gestation, and there was a positive correlation between whole blood viscosity and hematocrit. Plasma viscosity, however, did not change significantly during pregnancy. There was no correlation between whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity, and there was also no correlation between plasma viscosity and plasma fibrinogen concentration. These findings suggest that decreases in whole blood viscosity, resulting from the change of packed-cell volume, may strongly contribute hemorheologically to the decrease in peripheral resistance during the second trimester.

Blood Circulation↗
PubMed1992

[A fatal case caused by organophosphorus insecticide intoxication and confirmed by the metabolite found in the blood].

An 83-year-old woman and two other members of her family were poisoned after eating lettuce prepared with Ethimethon Granule 6 instead of salt by mistake. Ethimethon Granule 6 is a mixture of organophosphorus pesticides, disulfoton and diazinon. All three were admitted to a hospital, and she died 22 h after ingestion and the others recovered. Disulfoton and diazinon in the remaining lettuce were detected and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The pesticides, however, were not detected in the blood sample collected from the victim at autopsy. A metabolite of disulfoton, phosphorothiolate sulfone, was detected by FPD-gas chromatography, and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Assessment of regional and transmural myocardial perfusion by means of intraoperative myocardial contrast echocardiography during coronary artery bypass grafting.

By using intraoperative myocardial contrast echocardiography, we assessed regional myocardial perfusion and transmural blood flow distribution immediately after myocardial revascularization. A total of 62 revascularized myocardial areas were studied in 31 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The revascularized areas were divided into three different areas: S area, supplied by significantly stenosed coronary arteries (43 areas); C area, supplied by coronary collateral situation associated with totally occluded coronary arteries (12 areas); MI area, preexisting transmural myocardial infarction (7 areas). Myocardial contrast echocardiography was obtained by direct injection of 2 ml of sonicated 5% human albumin into the saphenous vein grafts at rest and during atrial pacing. Each area was divided into two layers of endocardial and epicardial halves, and myocardial enhancement of peak intensity was measured for each half and endocardial/epicardial gray level ratio was calculated: (1) The peak intensity of myocardial enhancement in S area and C area was significantly higher than that in MI area at rest as well as during pacing after myocardial revascularization. There was no significant difference in the peak intensity between S area and C area both at rest and during pacing. In S area the peak intensity significantly increased during pacing (p < 0.01), whereas it did not change in C area and MI area. (2) S area demonstrated no significant change in endocardial/epicardial intensity ratio during pacing. In contrast, the ratio in C area significantly decreased during pacing. (3) In S area with preoperative percent increase of segmental wall thickening lower than 25%, there was a significant correlation (r = 0.84, p < 0.001) between the peak intensity of myocardial enhancement and the postoperative changes of percent increase of segmental wall thickening in the revascularized areas. Thus, immediately after myocardial revascularization, intraoperative myocardial contrast echocardiography could provide a quantitative assessment of regional myocardial perfusion as well as blood flow distribution in the areas with myocardial infarction and with coronary collateral situation and in the areas supplied by stenosed coronary arteries.

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial↗
PubMed1992

Global left ventricular performance and regional systolic function after suture annuloplasty for chronic mitral regurgitation.

BACKGROUND: In surgery for chronic mitral regurgitation, the mitral subvalvular apparatus, including annulus, may play an important role in preserving left ventricular (LV) performance. The suture annuloplasty for mitral regurgitation allows annular contraction of the mitral valve. The potential effects of suture annuloplasty on the postoperative LV performance have not been fully defined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Global and regional LV function in 12 patients with suture annuloplasty were compared with 12 patients with conventional mitral valve replacement (MVR). Cineangiography and echocardiography were obtained before and 10.8 months after surgery. End-diastolic volume index and end-systolic volume index decreased significantly in both groups after surgery (p < 0.01). Ejection fraction remained unchanged in the suture annuloplasty group, whereas it decreased significantly in the MVR group after surgery (p < 0.01). There was a significant inverse relation between ejection fraction and end-systolic wall stress in the two groups after surgery (suture annuloplasty group, r = -0.69, p = 0.01; MVR group, r = -0.60, p = 0.04). The intercept on the y axis was significantly (p < 0.005) higher in the suture annuloplasty group than in the MVR group. In the suture annuloplasty group, cross-sectional area ejection fraction at the mitral valve level and at the papillary muscle level by LV two-dimensional echocardiography remained unchanged after surgery. In the MVR group, they decreased significantly after surgery (p < 0.01). There was a significant correlation between the cross-sectional area ejection fraction and the global ejection fraction at both levels after surgery. Therefore, the improvement of the regional wall motion can be attributed to the improvement of the global LV performance after suture annuloplasty. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that suture annuloplasty can provide more desirable postoperative LV systolic performance than conventional MVR by preserving both the contraction of the mitral annulus and the mitral valvular-ventricular interaction.

Echocardiography↗
PubMed1992

[Cardiac performance in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection].

Cardiac performance in 54 patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection was investigated by cardiac catheterization before and after surgery. 51 patients underwent intracardiac repair, and 17 of them died during or immediately after operation. According to the preoperative study, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of surviving patients was significantly higher than that of patients who died, and the pulmonary arterial mean pressure of surviving patients was significantly lower than that of patients who died. However, there was no significant difference between the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), and right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) in surviving patients and those who died. Post-operative catheterization studies showed significant increases of LVEF and LVEDV compared to pre-operative figures. RVEF and RVEDV and pulmonary arterial mean pressure decreased significantly after surgery. It was concluded that preoperative cardiac performance of surviving patients was better than that of those who died, and post-operative cardiac performance of surviving patients was basically normal.

Blood Pressure↗