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Biomedical subjects

K Sakai

Publications and source records attributed to K Sakai.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Chronic aortic dissection complicated by recurrent obstructive pneumonia.

A 68-year-old man with aortic aneurysm who had repeated episodes of obstructive bronchopneumonia is reported. Serial chest X-rays revealed infiltrative shadows in the left lower lung field. A thoracic computed tomogram demonstrated a dissecting descending aorta compressing the left lower bronchi and abnormal shadows, probably inflammatory, distal to the obstructions. Because of signs of impending rupture of the dissected aorta, surgical repair was performed and there has been no recurrence of respiratory infection since.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Histological examination of the gadolinium-enhanced dura mater around meningiomas on magnetic resonance imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging often demonstrates gadolinium (Gd) enhancement of the dura mater around meningiomas. The Gd-enhanced dura mater was histologically investigated to detect meningioma cells. Gd enhancement of the dura mater occurred in 11 (79%) of the 14 meningiomas studied, and extended as far as 35 mm from the tumor. Histological examination revealed generation of vascular-rich loose connective tissue at the surface of the dura in all five tumors examined. Some clusters of meningothelial cells were distributed in the loose connective tissue in three of the five specimens, and one cluster was obviously neoplastic. These observations suggest that clusters of meningioma cells occur in the Gd-enhanced dura mater around meningiomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Human gene mapping and chromosome sorting by laser technology.

More than 30 human genes have been mapped by a combination of the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and spot blot hybridization in this laboratory for the past five years. Furthermore, the Keio strategy has been established for the molecular analysis of the human genome using flow-sorted human chromosomes.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Glutathione isopropyl ester (YM737) inhibits the progression of X-ray-induced cataract in rats.

The effect of glutathione (GSH) isopropyl ester on the progression of X-ray-induced cataract was investigated in rats. Intraperitoneal administration of 20 mg/kg GSH isopropyl ester, three times weekly, 1 day after a single irradiation dose delayed the progression of X-ray-induced cataracts significantly. The amount of non-protein SH groups and the Na+/K+ ratio in the lenses of drug-treated rats were maintained at the normal levels even 27 weeks after irradiation. Posttreatment with the drug resulted in a significantly lower level of malondialdehyde in the irradiated lenses than in the nontreated lenses. When 500 mg/kg GSH-isopropyl ester was administered by i.p. injection to normal rats, the GSH-ester was detected in plasma and aqueous humor after 15 min. In the lenses of the GSH-isopropyl ester-injected rats, the GSH level was 120% of that in the non-treated rats after 4 h, suggesting that GSH-isopropyl ester is transported from the aqueous humor to the lens and there converted to GSH after about 4 h. Our observations lead us to conclude that the delay of X-ray-induced lens opacity progression is due to maintenance of normal lenticular GSH levels achieved by post-irradiation administration of GSH-isopropyl ester. However, continuous administration of 100 mg/kg after irradiation had no effect on the progression of cataracts induced by X-rays.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of hydronephrosis on the contralateral blood flow and glomerular volume].

We designed a following experiment to appraise the effect of unilateral hydronephrosis on the contralateral kidney using weanling rats whose kidneys were in a growing stage. Rats were divided into 4 groups. Complete unilateral (left) ureteral obstruction (CUUO) was made on the experiment rats, and these went through the following procedures on the day 3 after CUUO; 1) Group R: CUUO released, 2) Group N: left nephrectomy performed, 3) Group S: CUUO continued. Sham-operations were performed on the days 0 and 3 to the controls. Renal cortical blood flow and glomerular volume of the contralateral (right) kidneys were determined on the days 5, 7, 9, 14 and 21. Blood flow to the renal cortex per unit volume (ml/min/100 cm3; measured with Laser blood perfusion monitor) in the contralateral kidneys increased gradually in the all groups, but statistical significance was not confirmed in the observed period between any groups. Increases in total renal blood flow (wet kidney weight times renal cortical blood flow per unit volume; g x ml/min/100 cm3) were proportional to the measured wet kidney weight in the all groups. Notably in the group N, a significant increase was noted compared to the group R and the controls. Glomerular volume (GV) of the contralateral kidneys did not show significant changes on the day 3 compared to the controls. GV significantly grew up during the day 5 to the day 14 (2 to 11 days after the relief of CUUO) in the group R and then it settled to the level of the controls on the day 21.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Renal function of contralateral kidney after total or partial removal of kidney with ectopic ureter].

The effects of partial or total removal of the kidney with ectopic ureter on the contralateral kidney were evaluated using DMSA renal uptake rate on 8 patients. After partial nephrectomy on 6 cases, the affected residual kidneys showed significant decrease in DMSA renal uptake rate in 2 cases in which the extirpated kidneys had normal renal tissue in part but did not show significant change in DMSA uptake rate in 4 cases in which the extirpated kidneys were dominated mainly with dysplasia. Post-operative increase in DMSA uptake rate of the contralateral kidneys were significant in 3 of 4 patients who had the operation before they became 2 years old. In 2 of these 3 cases, pre-operative scintigram showed extremely low rate of DMSA renal uptake. Four cases aged 2 years old and over did not show post-operative increase in the uptake rate. As we have previously reported on the cases with hydronephrosis, these results suggest that 1) existence of obstruction caused by ectopic ureter inhibit the development of the contralateral kidney and 2) the growth of the kidney can resume the release of that obstruction, if the release is made while the kidneys are still in developing stage.

Child↗
PubMed1993

[Studies on reflux nephropathy--renal tubular and glomerular damage evaluated by various urinary indices].

Measurements were performed on beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG), alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1-MG), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) as indices of renal tubular damage and microalbumin as an index of renal glomerular damage in 204 cases with primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Investigations were made on the relationship between each index and extent of renal cortical damage from the findings of 99mTc-dimercapto-succinic acid (DMSA) renoscintigraphy, and also on the changes of each index before and after antireflux operation. At the first examination, high values of urinary beta 2-MG, alpha 1-MG, NAG and albumin were noted in 36%, 40%, 50% and 34% of cases with VUR respectively. Almost all the cases with high indices values before the operation showed improvement in those values accompanied with disappearance of VUR after the operation. These findings suggest that renal tubular and glomerular damage were induced by the sterile reflux itself. High values of urinary indices were confirmed in 16% (beta 2-MG), 40% (alpha 1-MG), 27% (NAG) and 32% (albumin) cases after a lapse of 2 years or longer since antireflux operation or spontaneous disappearance of VUR. In some of these cases indices values showed some improvement but have not returned to normal levels, and in other cases indices were within normal limits preoperatively but turned out to be high levels during the observation period even after the disappearance of VUR. Most of these cases were accompanied with severe cortical damage of unilateral or bilateral kidneys on DMSA renoscintigraphy. Based on these findings, we suggest that overload to residual nephron, caused by reduced mass of functional nephron, is playing an important role on raising the values of various urinary indices.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1993

[The effect of unilateral ureteral obstruction on the contralateral renal growth in weanling rats].

The effect of unilateral hydronephrosis on the growth of contralateral kidney were evaluated with weanling rats of which kidneys were in growing stage (body weighted between 80 g and 90 g). These rats underwent complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (CUUO) on day 0. They were divided into 3 groups and went through second operations on day 3 (CUUO-3) as follows; a) CUUO released, b) nephrectomy performed and c) CUUO continued. Sham-operation was performed on day 0 and on day 3 to the controls. Wet weights and bromodeoxy-uridine (BrdU) labeling index (L.I.) (index for cell proliferation in the uriniferous tubules) of the contralateral kidneys were measured for the evaluation. The wet weights were significantly higher in all the groups than that of the controls throughout the observation period on and after the day 3. The group that underwent nephrectomy demonstrated a sharp rise in L.I. after the day 7. In the group that was continued in CUUO, the L.I. started to rise later than its rise in nephrectomised group but the index caught up at the time when the blood flow completely disappeared in the kidneys of the ligated side. L.I. in the group of which CUUO was released became significantly higher than that of controls on the day 7 and remained its significance until the day 21 in spite of resolution of the hydronephrosis. To reveal the effect of length of obstructed term, the same trial was carried out that rats endured in CUUO for 5 days (CUUO-5) till the second operation. This turned out lower L.I. in the CUUO-5 than the CUUO-3. These results suggest that the presence of hydronephrosis made by CUUO suppress the growth (cell proliferation) of contralateral kidney and also duration of obstruction can be critical on the renal growth that shorter obstructed period turns out preferable for cell proliferation after relief of CUUO.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[CD14-positive and nonspecific esterase-positive neutrophils in a patient with refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation].

A 34-year-old man was admitted with lumbago and anemia in November 1992. Hematological examination revealed an Hb 9.2g/dl, WBC count 13,500 microliters (33% blasts), and monocyte count 3,400/microliters. Bone marrow examination showed hyperplasia with dysplasia in trilineage blood cells and increased blasts (21.8%). A diagnosis of refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB in T) was made. Cytochemical examination revealed the neutrophils in the peripheral blood were 66.5% positive for alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase inhibited by sodium fluoride, 4.0% positive for peroxidase and 75% positive for alkaline phosphatase. The results of immuno-alkaline phosphatase stainings (avidin biotin alkaline phosphatase complex method) of neutrophils were as follows; CD16 (94.5%), CD24 (91.0%), CD13 (93.0%), CD14 (52.5%), CD33 (39.0%), CD36 (16.5%), HLA-DR (17.0%). These neutrophils exhibited monocyte-specific features and failed to show characteristics of neutrophils.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A case of Down syndrome complicated with Becker muscular dystrophy].

A 22-year-old man with Down syndrome had a history of progressive muscular wasting which began at the age of 12 years. Serum CK level was elevated to 545 U/l (normal < 150) and muscle CT scan revealed patchy low density areas in the proximal muscles. A muscle biopsy specimen revealed marked dystrophic changes with patchy immunostaining for dystrophin. Multiplex PCR analysis of the genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes disclosed a deletion of exons 45-47 of the dystrophin gene, confirming a diagnosis of Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). This is the first report of Down syndrome complicated with BMD. Careful observation is required in detecting a coexistence of myopathy in mentally retarded patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Treatment for cardiac rupture following acute myocardial infarction].

We experienced thirty-three patients with cardiac free wall rupture following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Twelve patients received reperfusion therapy. Surgical closure of cardiac rupture was performed in twelve patients under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Two of these patients were placed on percutaneous cardiopulmonary support system (PCPS) immediately after the onset of blow out rupture. Cardiac rupture occurred in 19 patients within 3 days from the onset of AMI (early rupture) and in 14 patients 4 days after the onset (delayed rupture). All five patients with successful reperfusion were in the early rupture group, while there were no patients with successful reperfusion in the delayed rupture group. In 12 surgical patients, 7 patients had blow out rupture and 5 patients had oozing rupture. In 7 patients with blow out rupture, four patients could not be disconnected from CPB and 2 patients had cerebral death. One patient received PCPS support showed no mental disturbance after surgery, but he died of renal failure 6 days after surgery. Three out of 5 patients with oozing rupture survived. The interval from the onset of hypotension to establishment of cardiopulmonary support was 5 minutes and 60 minutes in two patients using PCPS. However it averaged 94 minutes in 5 patients using usual CPB. It is suggested that early reperfusion therapy may prevent delayed cardiac rupture following AMI, and surgical therapy using PCPS may be useful for the treatment of cardiac blow out rupture.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Elevated serum fucose levels in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

We measured serum fucose concentrations in 34 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), 23 with chance proteinuria and/or hematuria (CPH), and 20 healthy children as controls. The serum fucose levels in the patients with INS were significantly elevated at onset (14.0 +/- 3.7 mg/dl, n = 4, p < 0.02), in relapses (19.1 +/- 3.7 mg/dl, n = 10, p < 0.001), and in remission (13.9 +/- 7.0 mg/dl, n = 30, p < 0.01) as compared with CPH patients (10.6 +/- 3.2 mg/dl, n = 23) and controls (9.1 +/- 3.1 mg/dl, n = 20). Those in remission were further divided into 2 groups and the mean fucose concentrations were significantly different in the two remission groups: 20.1 +/- 4.6 mg/dl in 14 patients whose blood samples were taken within one week of remission and 9.0 +/- 2.9 mg/dl in the other 16 patients whose samples were taken at 1 to 6 months of remission. The mean value in the latter remission group was significantly lower in comparison with the former group, but not different from the controls. Gel-chromatography of serum samples from patients with INS revealed a single peak of fucose in the high molecular fraction, and this was also found in the same fractions of serum inhibitor of lymphocyte blastogenesis in INS. We concluded that serum fucose concentrations are elevated in INS patients and that, because of the large molecular weight, the fucose is probably in a form bounded to some glycoproteins in the serum. Considering various reports on fucose, serum fucose may be associated with immunodepression in INS patients.

Child↗
PubMed1993

[Visualization of brain function using MRI-MR functional brain imaging].

The effects of photic stimulation on the visual cortex of human brain were studied by means of gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fast low-angle shot (FLASH) MRI was used to monitor changes in brain oxygenation in the human visual cortex during photic stimulation (PS). Whole-body 1.5 T clinical MR system was used. Elevation of image intensity up to 2% was observed in primary and associative visual cortex, corresponding to an increase of blood oxygenation in regions of increased neural activity. After the PS was switched off, the MR signal fell below the pre-PS baseline level, which may be understood as an displacement of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve (the Bohre effect).

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Determining factors of successful percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy and eligible indications for the procedure].

The aim of this report is to investigate the factors which influence mean left atrial pressure (LAP) after percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) and the characteristics of patients in whom PTMC is most effective. Fifty one patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis underwent PTMC. The patients included 8 males and 43 females, aged 26-66 years (mean age of 46). These patients were classified into two groups according to LAP after PTMC: 31 cases with LAP after PTMC of 12 mmHg or less (group A) and 20 cases with LAP after PTMC greater than 12 mmHg (group B). The patients of group A were younger (44 +/- 6 vs 48 +/- 6 years, p < 0.05), and had atrial fibrillation (af) less frequently (35 vs 65%, p < 0.05), and had mitral valve calcification less frequently (29 vs 65%, p < 0.01). Before PTMC, LAP (19 +/- 6 vs 23 +/- 5 mmHg, p < 0.01) was lower and mitral valve area (MVA) (0.95 +/- 0.24 vs 0.81 +/- 0.15 cm2, p < 0.05) larger in group A. Symptoms graded according to the New York Heart Association functional classification system were similar in both groups before PTMC. After the procedure, final MVA (1.79 +/- 0.69 vs 1.40 +/- 0.50 cm2, p < 0.05) was larger and systolic pulmonary artery pressure (32 +/- 9 vs 39 +/- 7 mmHg, p < 0.01) lower in group A. Mitral regurgitation > or = 3-grade tended to complicate more frequently (3 vs 20%, NS) in group B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Inhaled nonasbestos fibers; pulmonary concentrations and fiber size in autopsied urban residents].

Nonasbestos fiber concentrations and fiber size distribution in autopsied lung tissues of 53 urban residents (34 males and 19 females) were analyzed by low temperature ashing-analytical transmission electron microscopy. The following findings were obtained. 1. Pulmonary nonasbestos fibers were found in all samples. Fiber consisting mainly of aluminum and silicon represented 80.0% of the total nonasbestos fibers observed. 2. The geometric mean concentration of nonasbestos fiber was significantly higher in males (47.6 x 10(6) fibers/g dry lung) than in females (18.2 x 10(6) fibers/g dry lung) (p < 0.05). This may be caused by differences in occupational exposure to nonasbestos fibers between males and females. 3. In females, the geometric mean concentration of nonasbestos fibers of smokers (34.6 x 10(6) fibers/g dry lung) was higher than that of nonsmokers (11.4 x 10(6) fibers/g dry lung), while, in males, the geometric mean concentration of nonasbestos fibers was lower in smokers (53.9 x 10(6) fibers/g dry lung) than in nonsmokers (89.1 x 10(6) fibers/g dry lung). These differences were not statistically significant. 4. The mean value for the ratio of nonasbestos fiber to asbestos concentration which ranged from 2.3 to 268 in males, and from 1.3 to 52.0 in females, was 30.1 and 20.2 respectively. 5. The mean length, diameter and aspect ratio for nonasbestos fibers were 1.01 microns, 0.103 microns and 11.3, respectively. Although nonasbestos fibers were almost equal in length to asbestos, the mean diameter of nonasbestos fibers was almost one-half of that of asbestos. Most of nonasbestos fibers (99.0%) were too small to be visible by light microscopy.

Adult↗