Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K S Singh.
Acute respiratory distress (ARD) in two nonimmune adults with imported mixed and vivax malarial infections with low and resolving parasite load is described. Malarial pulmonary edema exacerbated by hypoalbuminemia and fluid redistribution without overload occurred in the latter patient. ARD led to mortality in one of the two. ARD should be promptly recognized and managed.
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Laboratory-scale UASB reactors were started-up successfully at 20 degrees C and operated at temperatures of 32, 20, 15, 11, and 6 degrees C applying several hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranging from 48 to 3 h during an operational period of approximately 900 days. Changes in temperature and HRTs impacted the reactor performance. However, overall reactor performance (70 to 90% COD removal) was found to be stable up to an HRT of 6 h and temperature of 11 degrees C. The performance of UASB reactor was not very stable during 6 degrees C operation, even though 30 to 50% of COD removal could be achieved. Biomass aggregation in the form of granules/bio-pellets (mean size ranged from 1.8 mm to 3.0 mm) could be achieved during 20 degrees C operation. The impact of temperature on morphology, surface structure, and shape of bio-pellets was explored. Morphological and elemental composition analyses showed the possible mechanism of biomass aggregation in UASB reactors. This study demonstrated that the UASB process could be applied successfully with some minor adjustment for the treatment of municipal wastewater in temperate and cold regions (average summer temperature 11-25 degrees C).
The present study examined the feasibility of treating municipal wastewater by a UASB system under low-temperature conditions. Two reactors were started-up at 20 degrees C and subsequently operated at temperatures of 32, 20, 15, 11, and 6 degrees C applying several hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranging from 48 to 3 h during an operational period of approximately 900 days. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency ranged from 70 to 90% up to an HRT of 6 h and 11 degrees C. The performance of the reactor was not very satisfactory during 6 degrees C operation (average COD removal 40%). Sulfate reduction played an important role in COD reduction. Digital image analysis and scanning electron microscopic observations of sludge samples revealed aggregation of biomass in the form of irregular shaped granules (mean size ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 mm). The hydraulic regime in the reactor was impacted by the change in operating temperature. This study demonstrated that the UASB system could be applied successfully for pre-treatment/treatment of municipal wastewater under low-temperature conditions.
Survival of cases of trisomy 13 (Patau's syndrome) into adulthood is a rare phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to report one such survivor who has had the typical clinical features of trisomy 13 confirmed by chromosome analysis of both blood and skin, and to speculate on some of the factors that may have contributed to his unusually long survival.
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Genetic polymorphism of 16 red-cell antigens, enzymes, serum proteins and Hb variants was investigated in 214 male and female individuals belonging to the Meiteis and a Brahmin caste group living in Imphal (Manipur, Northeast India). Ethnohistorical records suggest that the Meiteis are of Mongoloid origin, while the original Brahmin settlers represent the easternmost part of the so-called Caucasoids. The markers studied are: A1A2BO, MNSs, Rh-system, Duffy, Diego; Gm, Km, Gc, Hp, Tf, Cp; Hb; aP, AK, EsD and LDH. The comparison between the two groups on the basis of the markers studied showed that the Meiteis and Brahmins are very close to each other with respect to most of the loci except Gm, EsD and Hb, where significant statistical differences were found.
Infective larvae of Bunostomum trigonocephalum exposed to gamma-irradiation at 60 kr failed to develop in the lamb. At levels of 20 and 40 kr, the infectivity of the larvae was reduced and fewer worms developed with a predominating female population. The worms developing from the irradiated larvae were smaller and the sex organs were ill developed. The females developing from larvae irradiated at 40 kr were functionally sterile with atrophied uterus devoid of eggs.
The activity of cholinesterase was determined separately in the mature and gravid proglottids of Thysaniezia giardi and its significance is discussed. The mean values of the enzyme in mature and gravid proglottids were respectively 225.60 +/- 28.55 and 75.00 +/- 11.64 units per gram of wet weight.
Contrast enhancement simulating an abscess or residual tumor has been described in postoperative cranial computed tomography (CT) scans. This study was undertaken to determine the cause of this contrast enhancement by using canine brain as an experimental model. Sequential CT scanning was performed with and without contrast enhancement following partial resection of the right hemisphere, and the CT findings were correlated with the histological changes. Findings indicate that enhancement of the surgical margin is related both temporally and spatially to the neovascularity following surgery. The ring-like enhancement around the surgical margin is seen best at two to four weeks after surgery, and may simulate an abscess. However, edema seen around an abscess in adjacent brain is absent or minimal in the case of postoperative enhancement during this period, and this feature should help differentiate these entities.
Contrast enhancement in the brain on computed tomography (CT) after an operation was studied in otherwise healthy dogs to evaluate the stages of enhancement caused by surgical changes. Serial CT scanning was done with and without contrast enhancement following a partial posterior parietal lobectomy. Pathologic correlation was obtained. Contrast enhancement occurred as early as one week, with peak incidence occurring between two and six weeks. Enhancement was diminishing or absent by the eight week after operation. Separate components of enhancement secondary to breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and to vascular granulation tissue may be distinguishable.
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Irradiation of the infective larvae of Gaigeria pachyscelis Railliet and Henry, 1910 with gamma rays upto 160 Kr had no significant effect on the in vitro survival of these larvae for a period of 49 days, maintained either at room temperature (32.2--39.4 degrees C) or at 4 degrees C. However, the behaviour of the irradiated larvae in the lamb host was much changed, as shown by a marked reduction in the worm establishment and the development of stunted and sterile worms from these larvae. As the level of irradiation increased, there was a corresponding decrease in the subsequent worm establishment. It was found that male larvae are more sensitive to the effects of irradiation than female ones, particularly at higher levels.
The results of vaccination trial in lambs with gamma-irradiated infective larvae of Gaigeria pachyscelis are described. A single percutaneous (P/C) vaccination of lambs with 2000 infective larvae irradiated at 40 Kr induced the development of resistance. The vaccinated lambs successfully resisted a lethal challenge infection of 5000 non-irradiated larvae 3 months later. In the vaccinated lambs, the manifestations of resistance were shown by marked reduction in the worm establishment, development of retarded and functionally sterile worms and absence of clinical signs of hookworm disease after the challenge infection.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.