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Biomedical subjects

K Roos

Publications and source records attributed to K Roos.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Interfering alpha-streptococci as a protection against recurrent streptococcal tonsillitis in children.

Recurrent streptococcal tonsillitis/pharyngitis is a great problem, especially in certain epidemiological situations. Patients treated with antibiotics often have a disturbed normal throat flora and may lack, e.g., alpha-streptococci known in vitro to have an interfering activity against group A streptococci. Thirty-one patients with recurrent streptococcal tonsillitis were given antibiotics for 10 days. At the end of this treatment they were sprayed in their mouths with four selected alpha-streptococcal strains known to have strong growth inhibiting activity in vitro against most beta-streptococci group A. The follow-up period after this colonization was 3 months. After alpha-streptococcal treatment, none of the patients attracted a new tonsillitis during the follow-up period while 8% of the controls had a second tonsillitis. Treatment of streptococcal tonsillitis/pharyngitis with antibiotics followed by recolonization with alpha-streptococci seems to hinder further recurrences.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Alpha-streptococci as supplementary treatment of recurrent streptococcal tonsillitis: a randomized placebo-controlled study.

Recurrences are a common finding after antibiotic treatment of acute group A streptococcal tonsillitis. This has been attributed to several factors, among others a disturbed normal throat flora and especially a lack of alpha-streptococci. It thus seems logical in patients with recurrent streptococcal tonsillitis, to restore the normal alpha-streptococcal flora by reimplantation of alpha-streptococci. This was performed in a double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study. 36 patients with recurrent streptococcal group A tonsillitis were treated with antibiotics followed by either placebo (19 patients) or a pool of 4 selected alpha-streptococcal strains (17 patients) with good interfering activity against clinical isolates of beta-streptococci. No patient recurred during the first 2 months of follow-up in the alpha-treated group, but 7 in those treated with antibiotics and placebo. After 3 months 1 in the patient group treated with antibiotics and alpha-streptococci and 11 in the placebo-treated group recurred. These results are statistically highly significant and show that recolonisation with alpha-streptococci seems to offer a new way to lower the rate of recurrence in streptococcal throat infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Beta-lactamase production and bacterial tolerance in recurrent acute otitis media.

Different reasons for treatment failure or relapse of acute otitis media (AOM) have been suggested. In this study 38 children (8 treatment failures, 13 relapses of AOM within one month and 17 with a new AOM) were compared to 25 matching healthy children, regarding beta-lactamase producing bacteria and tolerance to penicillin V and ampicillin. Branhamella catarrhalis was the most common bacteria found in the nasopharynx and was isolated in 60% of children with AOM and in 48% of the control group. Fifty-two percent of the children classified as treatment failure or relapse of AOM had aerobic beta-lactamase producing bacteria in NPH. No bacteria tolerant to penicillin or ampicillin were found. Thus, beta-lactamase-producing bacteria seem to play a decisive role in treatment failure and relapse of AOM. On the other hand, tolerance to penicillin V or ampicillin does not seem to have any impact on healing of AOM.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Peritonsillar abscess in spite of adequately performed tonsillectomy.

We describe a rare case of peritonsillar abscess in a woman, in spite of an adequately performed tonsillectomy 35 years earlier. Cultures from aspirated pus yielded a heavy growth of Streptococcus milleri and Bacteroides species. No remaining tonsillar tissue could be seen. We conclude that a peritonsillar abscess might develop in spite of adequately performed tonsillectomy.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Concentration of phenoxymethylpenicillin in tonsillar tissue.

Seventeen patients underwent tonsillectomy 55-120 min after receiving oral phenoxymethylpenicillin 12.5 mg/kg bodyweight. The penicillin concentration in serum and tonsillar tissue in each patient was determined by a microbial assay. In 9 patients with tonsillar hyperplasia, but with no prior history of tonsillitis, the mean penicillin concentration in serum and in tonsillar tissue was 5.0 mg.l-1 and 1.32 mg.g-1, respectively, and in 8 patients with manifest tonsillitis the corresponding values were 3.01 mg.l-1 and 0.67 mg.g-1. It appears that the penicillin concentration in tonsillar tissue is about 1/5 to 1/4 of that in serum, regardless of whether the tonsils are inflamed or hypertrophied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Ear discharge after insertion of transmyringeal tubes.

The peroperative bacteriology and cytology of the middle ear have been studied in 103 ears in 65 children operated on due to longstanding secretory otitis media. Within one month postoperatively, 12 ears (12%) showed signs of infection with discharge from the tube. Ten out of these 12 ears showed peroperative growth of Hemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis, pneumococci or staphylococci in the middle ear effusions, a significant difference compared to ears without postoperative discharge. The peroperative cytological evaluation of the middle ear effusions from 10 out of the 12 patients with postoperative ear discharge showed presence of phagocytes as a sign of infection. It is concluded that pre-existing bacteria in the middle ear effusion of patients with longstanding secretory otitis media might increase the risk of postoperative infection within the first month after insertion of transmyringeal tubes.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1990

Cytological and bacteriological aspects of secretory otitis media.

Bacteriological and cytological examinations were performed on 105 middle ear secretions from 66 children with middle ear effusion (MEE) of more than 3 months' duration. The secretions were searched for granulocytes and the activity of these cells was judged by their capacity for random locomotion and their ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium. The functional characteristics of the granulocytes were compared with the bacteriological findings on cultures from MEE. Bacteria commonly regarded as pathogens in middle ear infections (Hemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae) were found in 25% of the secretions. Granulocytes with activity or lacking activity, virtually dead, were found in all secretions where these bacteria were isolated. In secretions where bacteria commonly regarded as commensals, mainly staphylococci, were isolated, about two thirds of the secretions showed phagocytes with or without activity. No relation between bacterial growth and the functional state of the granulocytes was observed. In contrast, no phagocytes were found in over 60% of MEE lacking bacterial growth. These findings suggest a role for bacteria in the development and maintenance of secretory otitis media.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Using computers with autistic handicapped children].

Since the beginning of 1980 computer assisted instruction ( = CAI) has been used systematically in special education. While England, the USA and Japan are experienced in this field, comparable attempts in Germany are rare. The possibility to use the computer for autistic children is discussed highly controversial and emotional among parents and professionals. Criticism and fears to "reinforce autistic withdrawal" are often mixed with insecurity or dislike of new technologies. On the other hand positive effects of CAI on learning and behavior are reported by parents or published as single case studies. The following paper summarizes theoretical issues, findings of the literature and experimental results. Perceptual, motivational, communication and behavior problems of autistic children are discussed under the aspect of computer assisted instruction.

Adolescent↗