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Biomedical subjects

K Reid

Publications and source records attributed to K Reid.

88 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Double-blind trial of yohimbine in treatment of psychogenic impotence.

48 subjects meeting strict diagnostic criteria for psychogenic impotence took part in a 10 week placebo-controlled, double-blind, partial crossover trial of yohimbine (18 mg a day) for restoring erectile function. At the end of the first arm of the trial 62% of the yohimbine group and 16% of the placebo group reported some improvement in sexual function (chi 2 = 10.41, df = 2, p less than 0.05). 21% of the originally placebo-treated group noticed some improvement over pre-treatment levels when they were put on yohimbine in the second arm of the trial. Overall 46% of those who received yohimbine reported a positive response to the drug, a response rate very similar to that observed in a previous study of patients with organic impotence. Response to yohimbine thus seems to be unrelated to current groupings of the cause of impotence. Yohimbine is a safe treatment for psychogenic impotence that seems to be as effective as sex and marital therapy for restoring satisfactory sexual functioning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Screening assessment of penile tumescence and rigidity. Clinical test of Snap-Gauge.

A study was conducted to investigate the clinical usefulness of the Snap-Gauge, a device intended to provide an economical alternative to complete nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) recording. Twenty-one patients were assessed using the Snap-Gauge either during NPT recording or during the corporeal calibration test (CCT), or both. Patient acceptance of the device was excellent. The results indicate a fair degree of consistency between the Snap-Gauge and CCT measurements. The Snap-Gauge and NPT findings were less consistent. The results suggest that the Snap-Gauge is a reliable and useful screening device for assessing impotent patients. However, it is not an adequate substitute for a more complete NPT monitoring with polysomnographic recording.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1987

Competition between fatty acids and carbohydrate or ketone bodies as metabolic fuels for the isolated perfused heart.

The ability of carbohydrate fuels (lactate, pyruvate, glucose) and the ketone bodies (acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate) to compete with fatty acids as fuels of respiration in the isolated Langendorf-perfused heart was studied. Oleate and octanoate were used as fatty acid fuels since oleate requires carnitine for entry into mitochondria, whereas octanoate does not. The two ketone bodies inhibited the oxidation of both oleate and octanoate implying an intramitochondrial site of action. Pyruvate, lactate, and lactate plus glucose inhibited oleate oxidation but not octanoate oxidation, indicating a mechanism of inhibition that involves the carnitine system. Pyruvate was a more potent inhibitor than lactate at equal concentrations, but the effect of lactate could be greatly increased by dichloroacetate, an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. The physiological and mechanistic implications of these observations are discussed.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1986

N-methyl-D-aspartate and hypoxia induced Ca2+-changes in the CA1 region of the hippocampal slice.

Hypoxic neuronal depolarization was accompanied by a large decrease in extracellular [Ca2+]. After reoxygenation, the time at which [Ca2+] normalized was correlated with the extent of recovery of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and synaptic responses. There was no evidence that the NMDA receptor system was more disrupted following hypoxia than the receptors involved in synaptic transmission. The Na+/K+ pump appeared to be better able to recover from hypoxia than the NMDA responses or synaptic transmission.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Extensive deletions in the Q region of the mouse major histocompatibility complex.

By use of Southern blot analyses and low copy number probes, the fine structure of the Q region of the mouse major histocompatibility complex was studied in more detail. With a probe recognizing the even-numbered genes Q4, Q6, and Q8, it was evident that Q4 and/or the regions flanking Q4 are polymorphic, whereas Q6 and Q8, and their flanking regions are nonpolymorphic. Perhaps the most noteworthy finding is that at least two strain haplotypes, H-2k and H-2f, possessed extensive deletions in the Q region. The most striking deletion was found in the H-2f haplotype, where the Q1 through Q9 genes appear to be missing. Because of these extensive deletions the functional importance of the Q region is questioned.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Electrocardiogram changes and therapeutic desipramine and 2-hydroxy-desipramine concentrations in elderly depressives.

ECG parameters in elderly depressed in-patients were assessed during routine desipramine treatment. Significant changes (prolonged PR and PRS intervals and a decreased QTc interval) were found, related only to steady state concentrations of desipramine's major metabolite--2-hydroxy-desipramine. Potentially clinically significant changes developed in 40% of the patients. All serum drug concentrations were within therapeutic limits. Previous assurances about desipramines's cardiac safety in the elderly may need to be re-evaluated.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Inhibition of palmitoylcarnitine oxidation by pyruvate in rat heart mitochondria.

The oxidation of 1-14C-palmitoylcarnitine by rat heart mitochondria has been measured by assessing both the disappearance of substrate and the appearance of labelled products. Pyruvate inhibited palmitoylcarnitine oxidation by about 40%. Fifty percent inhibition occurred at about 20 mumol/L pyruvate. The inhibitory effect of pyruvate required entry of pyruvate into mitochondria since it did not occur in the presence of alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial pyruvate transporter. The inhibitory effect of pyruvate also required an active pyruvate dehydrogenase. These studies indicate a mechanism that may be important in the replacement of fatty acids by carbohydrate as fuels of respiration of the heart during the transition from the starved to the fed state.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of pentobarbital on the strength duration curve of the jaw opening reflex to tooth pulp stimulation in cats.

Brain stem field potentials and digastric electromyographic responses to tooth pulp stimulation were recorded in six chronically prepared adult cats. Strength duration curves were derived for both responses under conditions of wakefulness and anesthetic levels of sodium pentobarbital (35 mg/kg). For the muscle response, the slope of the strength duration curve for short duration pulses became more negative, and the chronaxies were significantly increased under anesthesia as compared to the awake state. For the field potential response, the same parameters were not significantly altered. The results suggest that the alteration in strength duration curve seen in the muscle response may be determined beyond the level of the first synapse.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Interaction of collagen with C1q via its collagen-like portion.

Interactions between human collagens type I, II and III with human C1q or its collagen-like fragment (CLF) were investigated with different techniques. It was found that in solution both C1q and CLF form stable complexes with the native collagens. No preferential binding to a specific collagen type was observed. If C1q (CLF) was adsorbed to polystyrene or fixed to erythrocytes, a more efficient interaction with collagen was displayed by C1q than by CLF. If collagen represents the solid phase, the binding of CLF is stronger than that of C1q. Inhibition studies indicate that the interaction between C1q and collagens takes place via the collagen-like part of C1q. Intermolecular attraction due to polar amino acid residues seems to be of major importance for this interaction.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic treatment with dexmedetomidine desensitizes alpha 2-adrenergic signal transduction.

Tolerance to the hypnotic response was induced in rats by chronically infusing dexmedetomidine, a novel alpha 2-adrenergic agonist. The alpha 2-adrenoceptor affinity for dexmedtomidine and para-iodoclonidine was significantly reduced in tolerant rats, while Bmax was uncharged. The ability of pertussis toxin (PTX) to ribosylate guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins (G proteins) ex vivo was reduced in tolerant rats; the quantity of PTX-sensitive G proteins was unchanged. Forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase was less sensitive to inhibition by dexmedetomidine in the tolerant rats; however, acute intraperitoneal injection of dexmedetomidine still reduced cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in tolerant rats. Both the decrease in ribosylation and the lower alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding affinity may reflect a decrease in the ability of the G protein to couple to the alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the locus coeruleus of tolerant rats. In this state, the alpha 2 adrenoceptors are less capable of transducing the effector response (inhibition of adenylyl cyclase).

Adenylate Cyclase Toxin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The concept of interface related to services for handicapped families.

The Warnock Report (1978) concept that a "link person' was needed to liaise services to handicapped families was investigated with a one in three sample (n = 120) of parents with mentally handicapped children in a county in South Wales. The findings show that whilst almost half the parents considered a social worker to be in the best position to undertake this overall coordinating function, there remains a considerable gap between theory and practice.

Child↗