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Biomedical subjects

K R Vincent

Publications and source records attributed to K R Vincent.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Alterations in bilateral force judgment following strenuous eccentric exercise.

This study investigated the effects of strenuous eccentric exercise on bilateral force-matching ability. After unilaterally performing 50 maximal eccentric elbow actions, participants were evaluated for bilateral force-matching ability. Participants were asked to match a reference force held by the control (CNT) arm with their exercised (EXD) arm. The experimental condition was then reversed. Constant error (bias) of the EXD arm was increased through 5 days postexercise, when it underestimated the CNT force in all trials. In contrast, an overestimation of the EXD force by the CNT arm resulted in an increased constant and variable error (variability around the bias) through 5 days postexercise, when the EXD arm served as the force reference. Strenuous eccentric exercise severely compromises bilateral force-matching ability, regardless of whether the EXD attempted to match the reference force or served as the force reference, indicating central or peripheral alterations to force judgment.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Neuromuscular control following maximal eccentric exercise.

Kinematic and electromyographic (EMG) analysis of a target-directed, maximal velocity movement was used to investigate the effects of high-force eccentric exercise on the neuromuscular control of elbow flexion. Ten non-weight-trained females [19.6 (1.6) years old] performed 50 maximal velocity elbow flexion movements from 0 to 1.58 rad (90 degrees), as rapidly as possible in response to a light stimulus, while kinematic and triphasic EMG parameters were measured. This was done three times pre-exercise, immediately and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days following the 50 maximal eccentric elbow flexion actions. The eccentric exercise caused lengthening of kinematic parameters including total movement time and time to peak velocity. The EMG elements of the biceps brachii (b.) motor time, time to peak EMG, biceps b. burst duration, and the latency period between biceps b. and triceps b. bursts were lengthened post-exercise. These changes persisted for up to 5 days post-exercise. The exercise also caused a large increase in serum creatine kinase (CK) activity. It was concluded that high-force eccentric exercise in this population caused prolonged changes in neuromuscular control that were a function of exercise-induced disruption of the skeletal muscle. Compensation in the central motor program was such that the components of the triphasic EMG pattern were systematically lengthened.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The effect of training status on the serum creatine kinase response, soreness and muscle function following resistance exercise.

Untrained individuals develop muscle soreness and increased serum creatine kinase (CK) activity in the blood after strenuous, unaccustomed exercise. An unpublished observation in our laboratory revealed that trained weightlifters also experience considerable soreness after unaccustomed exercise, but may not show a dramatic CK response. This study examined the CK and soreness responses to strenuous exercise in weightlifters (TR, n = 10) and untrained subjects (UTR, n = 10). Trained subjects had a minimum of three years weightlifting experience, and regularly performed squats and leg presses. Untrained subjects had not participated in any regular resistance exercise for the past three years. Following two acclimation sessions, subjects reported to the lab on seven consecutive days and on the tenth day after knee extensor exercise. Weight training sessions occurred on day 1 for the knee extensors (KE) and day 2 for the knee flexors (KF). The weight training consisted of these exercises (sets): squat (5), leg press (3), leg extension and lunge (3) for the KE, double leg curls (6), single leg curls (3), stiff-legged deadlifts (4, TR group only) for the KF at 12 RM for all exercises. To document the stress due to exercise, the loss in strength (isometric peak torque, IPT) was assessed on a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. Maximal voluntary IPT of the KE at 90 degrees and the KF at 80 degrees decreased 17-30% with no significant differences between groups. Muscle soreness during simulated squat leg curl movement was assessed by a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS). Average peak KE soreness was 76 mm for TR and 58 mm for UTR, KF soreness was 60 mm for TR and 47 mm for UTR post-exercise. Serum CK levels were significantly different between groups with a peak of 1349 IU for TR and 3272 IU for the UTR (p < 0.01). Although the TR group experienced greater soreness than the UTR, peak serum CK activity was significantly lower, suggesting that trained individuals can develop severe soreness without the same degree of increase in serum CK activity observed in untrained individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Black/white IQ differences: does age make the difference?

Data are presented on racial differences from the norms of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, the recent renorming of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, the Stanford-Binet IV, and Raven's Progressive Matrices. The premise of the present article is that, while the one standard deviation IQ difference between Black and White adults has remained constant, IQ differences between Black and White children are declining. These data are discussed in the context of previous studies on possible racial bias of IQ tests, as well as marked changes in educational and economic opportunities that have occurred in the United States in the decades since Jensen's (1969) article.

Achievement↗
PubMed1991

The Exner Rorschach: an analysis of its clinical validity.

Data from Exner's 1985 and 1989 normative samples on nonpatient adults and comparison samples of patients with schizophrenia, depression, and character problems were reanalyzed using a standard of clinical significance appropriate for N = 1. The 1989 norms, which exclude Rorschach protocols with less than 14 responses, alter not only the number of significant variables, but also alter the ability of most variables that relate to form quality to differentiate among the patient comparison groups. The Exner Rorschach is judged to be a valid test for schizophrenia, but to have demonstrated little differential utility for depression and character disorders. It is recommended that the scoring of nonsignificant variables be abandoned.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Construct validity of the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms: external correlates.

This study extended knowledge of the construct validity of Vincent's Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms (DIPS) by examining the relationships between the DIPS and the MMPI, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, the Profile of Mood States, the Symptom Check List-90, and the California Psychological Inventory. Subjects were 300 predominantly male psychiatric inpatients. Correlational analyses revealed that the DIPS clinical scales were related most strongly to MMPI and MCMI clinical scales. Eleven of 14 DIPS clinical scales showed clinically significant correlations with similar scales of the external measures. The validities of the Stress-Adjustment Disorders and Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Condition scales were not ascertained directly.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The fragile nature of MMPI code types.

The percent of code type agreement with the original MMPI is compared with the new MMPI-2, an earlier re-norming of the MMPI by Colligan, Osborne, Swenson, and Offord (1983), the MMPI-168, and test/retest comparisons of the MMPI with itself. Code type agreement ranges from lows of 31 to 41% for the test/retest comparability of the original MMPI with itself to 40 to 67% hit rates for the MMPI-2, the MMPI 1983 norms, and the MMPI-168. The effect of this on interpretation is discussed in the context of previous studies on the MMPI code types in relation to broadband diagnosis and comparisons of clinical accuracy of computerized reports that have utilized various MMPI versions.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

DSM-III-R diagnosis and code types of the diagnostic inventory of personality and symptoms in an adolescent clinical population.

The relationships of high-point code types of the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms (DIPS) to the Diagnostic and statistical manual III-R (DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) were explored for adolescent patients (N = 263). Twelve DIPS code types that relate code types to Axis I diagnoses are prepared. The three DIPS personality disorder cluster scales and the eight combinations thereof are presented as well. Six of the personality disorder cluster scale code types that relate to DSM-III-R Axis II categories are identified. Finally, a narrative summation of each of the code types is given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Psychological profile of patients with Menière's disease.

Forty-eight patients with Menière's disease underwent psychological assessment with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms. Using the presence or absence of recurrent vertigo or chronic dysequilibrium as the differentiating feature, the results of two groups were compared. A clinical diagnosis of depression (axis I) was evident in 80% of the patients with active vestibular symptoms examined by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and 70% by the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms compared with 32% (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) and 39% (Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms) in the inactive group. The data support the addition of depression to the clinical picture of active Menière's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

DSM-III diagnosis and code types of the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms in public hospital settings.

The relationships of high-point code types of the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms (DIPS) to the Diagnostic and statistical manual III of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-III) were explored for public hospital patients (N = 448). Nineteen DIPS code types that relate code types to Axis I diagnoses are prepared. The three DIPS personality disorder cluster scales and the eight combinations thereof are presented as well. Eight of the personality disorder cluster scale code types that relate to DSM-III Axis II categories are identified. Finally, a narrative summation of each of the code types is given.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

DSM-III diagnosis and code types of the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms.

The relationships of high-point code types of the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms (DIPS) to the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual III of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-III) were explored for patients (N = 316) in private mental health settings. Sixteen DIPS code types that relate code types to Axis I diagnoses are presented. The three DIPS personality disorder cluster scales and the eight combinations thereof are presented as well. Five of the personality disorder cluster scale code types that relate to DSM-III Axis II categories are identified. Finally, a narrative summation of each of the code types is given.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Factor structure of the Adolescent Multiphasic Personality Inventory in a psychiatric population.

The factor structure of the Adolescent Multiphasic Personality Inventory (AMPI) in a mental health center psychiatric patient population was examined (N = 70). Principal components factor analysis with Varimax rotation yielded four well defined factors, which accounted for 78% of the total variance. These factors can be conceptualized as neurotic, psychotic, characterological, and validity-defensiveness. Results support the construct validity of the AMPI and are discussed in relation to previous psychometric studies of psychopathology that used other objective personality inventories.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Factor structure of the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms in a private psychiatric hospital population.

The factor structure of the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms (DIPS) in a private psychiatric patient population was examined (N = 60). Principal components factor analysis with Varimax rotation yielded three well-defined factors, which accounted for 70% of the total variance. These factors can be conceptualized as neurotic, psychotic, and characterological. Results support the construct validity of the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms and are discussed in relation to previous psychometric studies of psychopathology that employed the MMPI.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1986

Diagnostic hit rates of high point codes for the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms using random assignment, base rates, and probability scales.

Diagnostic hit rates for the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms (DIPS) were compared to diagnosis by psychiatrists of the same patients (N = 60). Three methods were employed to determine the DIPS hit rates. The Probability Scale employing Bayesian concepts and base rates correctly classified 70% of the patients and was more accurate by far than the other two methods.

Hospitals, Psychiatric↗
PubMed1984

Ego development and DSM-III Axis II: personality disorders.

Investigated the relationship between Loevinger 's levels of ego development and DSM-III Axis II personality disorder diagnoses, with a private psychiatric clinic sample of 400 patients. A breakdown of the ego development levels for each personality disorder is provided. Personality disorders that cluster in the dramatic, emotional and erratic cluster of the DSM-III ( histrionic , narcissistic, antisocial and borderline personality disorders) were found to have the majority of individuals who scored below the conformity level in the sample, with almost half of the individuals in this personality cluster below the conformity level. Another finding was that the psychiatric patient sample was devoid of individuals at the highest levels of ego functioning. Also, individuals who had their personality diagnoses deferred, predominantly due to psychotic mental disorders, typically were at or above the conformity level.

Ego↗
PubMed1984

MMPI results: a comparison of trauma victims, psychogenic pain, and patients with organic disease.

Made comparison using MMPI T scores on three private psychiatric sub-populations: Post-trauma patients, patients with organically based illness, and patients with psychogenic pain (complaints functional in origin) (N = 78). The standard 3 validity and 10 clinical scales were used to evaluate possible differences among the groups. Differences were presented among the groups on scales 3 (Hy), 9 (Ma), and (F). Individual profiles also were assessed. In patients with a 1-3/3-1 profile, the psychogenic group had significantly higher elevation over the post-trauma and organic groups. In patients with 8 (Sc) or 9 (Ma) high both with and without 1-3/3-1 high, differences were found; the post-trauma and organic groups showed marked elevation over those in the psychogenic group. Results indicate the MMPI to be a viable aid in distinguishing between patients with post-trauma stress disorder vs. those with functional disorders. The data suggest that MMPI profiles of patients with post-trauma stress disorder more closely resemble the MMPI profiles of patients who have organic disease with pain caused by organic pathology than the profiles of patients with psychogenic pain and/or hypochondriasis.

Adult↗