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Biomedical subjects

K R Martin

Publications and source records attributed to K R Martin.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Immunoglobulin concentrations in serum in response to injectable immunoglobulin in neonatal dairy calves.

Thirty Holstein bull calves were used to investigate the use of an injectable solution of purified Ig to increase Ig in serum of neonatal calves. The Ig were from abbatoir blood purified by column chromatography. Calves were blocked by date of birth and assigned randomly to treatment within block. Treatments were s.c. injections of Ig solution (30 or 60 mg of Ig/ml) or .9% NaCl with or without colostrum (41.1 g of IgG/L) feeding. Calves were injected by 24 h of age. The mass of Ig injected was 1.05 g/kg of BW. Calves received 2 L of pooled colostrum or commercial milk replacer at 0, 12, 24, and 36 h. Blood was sampled at 0 and 48 h postinjection and at 28 d of age, and serum was analyzed for IgG and IgM by radial immunodiffusion. Mean IgG and IgM in serum of calves injected with Ig were 4.2 and .7 g/L, respectively, and were higher than in calves receiving no Ig. Mean IgG (14.6 g/L) and IgM (1.0 g/L) concentrations in serum of calves fed colostrum were higher than in other calves. Subcutaneous Ig provided moderate amounts Ig in serum.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

Concentrations of trypsin inhibitor and immunoglobulins in colostrum of Jersey cows.

Colostrum samples from 49 Jersey cows were analyzed for concentrations of trypsin inhibitor, IgG, IgM, IgA, TS, fat, specific gravity, and N fractions. Colostrum (100 ml) was sampled from each cow as soon as possible after parturition. Mean concentrations of IgG, IgM, and IgA were 84.6, 3.4, and 4.5 g/L, respectively. Mean concentration of trypsin inhibitor was 56 mg of trypsin inhibited/dl of colostrum. Concentration of trypsin inhibitor was unaffected by lactation number and averaged 60, 53, and 54 mg of trypsin inhibited/dl of colostrum for cows in first, second, and third or later lactations, respectively. Colostral trypsin inhibitor and IgG were correlated (.54), although correlations between trypsin inhibitor and IgM and IgA were not significant. Trypsin inhibitor in colostrum was also positively correlated with fat, total N, protein N, noncasein N, and TS in colostrum. Variation in concentration of trypsin inhibitor from first-milking colostrum was closely related to colostral IgG concentration and may serve to protect IgG and other proteins from proteolytic degradation in the intestine of the neonatal calf.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mitogenic stimulation in young calves.

Sixteen Holstein bull calves were used to evaluate effects of increasing blood BHBA, as a consequence of ruminal development, on response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mitogenic stimulation. Calves were blocked by date of birth and assigned to weaning at 35 or 49 d of the study. Calves began the study at 4 d of age. Milk replacer was fed at 10% of BW to d 7 prior to weaning; thereafter, milk replacer offered was reduced by 50%. Calf starter was offered from d 1. Blood was sampled at wk 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 at 4 h after the a.m. feeding. Blood glucose declined, and blood BHBA increased, as calf starter intake increased. Blood BHBA increased at weaning in each treatment group and exceeded 1 mM during the week of weaning. Responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to stimulation with concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, or phytohemagglutinin were unaffected by increasing blood BHBA and increased with age. Increased concentration of blood BHBA in young calves from increased starter intake did not impair immune response.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1994

Immunoglobulin concentration, specific gravity, and nitrogen fractions of colostrum from Jersey cattle.

Colostrum samples from 88 Jersey cows were analyzed for concentrations of IgG, IgM, IgA, total solids, specific gravity, and N fractions. Colostrum (50 ml) was sampled from each cow as soon as possible after parturition, and specific gravity was determined immediately using a hydrometer. Samples then were frozen prior to analysis of Ig, fat, and N fractions. Mean concentrations of IgG, IgM, and IgA were 65.8, 2.4, and 1.7 g/L, respectively. Concentration of IgG was lower, and IgA was higher, in colostrum from second lactation cows than from first lactation cows or from cows in third or later lactations; IgM increased linearly as lactation number increased. Total N, protein N, noncasein N, and fat contents also were lower in second lactation cows. Regression of total Ig (grams per liter) on specific gravity was -1172 + 1180 x specific gravity (r2 = .38). Relationship of total Ig to specific gravity differed from colostrum of Holstein cattle and may have been related to differences in fat and noncasein N concentrations. Use of specific gravity hydrometer to estimate Ig concentration using equations derived from Holstein cattle appears to underestimate Ig concentration in colostrum from Jersey cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Intake, growth, and selected blood parameters in calves fed calf starter via bucket or bottle.

Calf starter was offered to 40 calves in a plastic bucket or from a nipple bottle, and intake, growth, and selected blood parameters were measured. The nipple was designed with a large opening to allow feed particles to pass through the nipple during meals. Calves began the study at 7 d of age and were fed for 56 d. A commercially prepared calf starter was offered for ad libitum consumption from d 1 of the study, and commercial milk replacer was offered at 10% of BW to weaning at 6 wk of the study. No effects of treatment on intake, rates of gain, feed efficiency, blood BHBA or plasma glucose, urea N, or NEFA were observed. Consumption of starter DM exceeded 1.9 kg/d by wk 8 of the study. Concentration of blood parameters changed in a fashion consistent with developing ruminal function. Calf starter fed from a plastic nipple bottle promoted starter intake as effectively as did starter fed from plastic buckets.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1994

Effects of housing and colostrum feeding on the prevalence of selected infectious organisms in feces of Jersey calves.

Neonatal Jersey calves (n = 96) were used to evaluate effects of housing (individual hutches or wooden pens in a barn) and colostrum feeding (calves were separated from the dam and fed 2 L of colostrum in nipple-bottles or allowed to nurse the dam for 3 d) on the prevalence of selected organisms in feces. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria were reduced, and prevalence of rotavirus tended to be reduced, when calves were housed in hutches. Prevalence of coronavirus was unaffected by treatment. Weekly prevalence of Giardia was increased when calves were left to nurse the dam for 3 d. Mean prevalence of Cryptosporidia (wk 1 to 4), Eimeria (wk 4 to 5), Giardia, rotavirus, and coronavirus (wk 1 to 5) were 34.7, 20.6, 27.1, 15.8, and 4.9%, respectively. Escherichia coli (K99 positive) were observed in 3 of 174 samples cultured. Methods of housing and colostrum feeding affected acquisition of enteropathogens in this study.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Obstructive jaundice secondary to primary biliary involvement with Hodgkin's disease.

A 41-yr-old man presented with jaundice, night sweats, and weight loss. The patient had been on phenytoin for seizure disorder. The drug was discontinued, and a diminution of bilirubin and transaminases occurred over several weeks. Percutaneous liver biopsy revaled cholestasis at the time of maximal hyperbilirubinemia. Recurrent jaundice ensued several weeks later, and an ERCP revealed a common bile duct lesion. Laparotomy revealed Hodgkin's disease involving the common bile duct and periportal node. This cause represents the first report of extrahepatic biliary obstruction from Hodgkin's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The significance of articulator capability. Part II: The prevalence of immediate side shift.

The occurrence of immediate side shift of the mandible is frequent enough that the restorative dentist must either use an articular system that adjusts for its presence or must carefully check and adjusts for occlusal interferences intraorally at the time of try-in. However, the prevalence and degree of immediate side shift do not indicate that a fully adjustable articulator is required for all patients.

Adolescent↗