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Biomedical subjects

K R Davis

Publications and source records attributed to K R Davis.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Cranial computed tomography in Whipple's disease.

Cranial computed tomography (CT) in a 58-year-old man disclosed enhancing lesions in the medial right temporal lobe and the right pons. Biopsy of the sural nerve was positive for Whipple's disease, and one of the temporal lobe lesions showed unprecedented histological findings. This case, to our knowledge, is unique in its demonstration of cranial CT findings in association with Whipple's disease. It is suggested that a cranial CT scan with the use of intravenous contrast material should be performed in patients presenting with the signs or symptoms of Whipple's disease.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1980

Lobar cerebral hemorrhages: acute clinical syndromes in 26 cases.

The acute syndromes and CT findings are described in 26 cases of spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage. Occipital hemorrhage (11 cases) caused severe pain around the ipsilateral eye and dense hemianopia. Left temporal hemorrhage (7 cases) began with mild pain in or just anterior to the ear, fluent dysphasia with poor auditory comprehension but relatively good repetition, and a visual deficit subtending less than a hemianopia. Frontal hemorrhage (4 cases) caused a distinctive syndrome beginning with severe contralateral arm weakness, minimal leg and face weakness, and frontal headache. Parietal hemorrhage (3 cases) began with anterior temporal ("temple") headache and hemisensory deficit, sometimes involving the trunk to the midline. One patient had a right temporal hemorrhage. Spontaneous lobar hemorrhage and branch artery embolism in the same region produce similar clinical syndromes. Headache is a first and prominent symptom. A rapid but not instantaneous onset over several minutes, when combined with one of the typical syndromes, suggests lobar hemorrhage rather than other types of stroke. Ancillary investigations (including CT scanning, angiography in 11 patients, and autopsy in 4) disclosed 2 patients with bleeding diatheses due to warfarin, 2 with arteriovenous malformations, and 1 with metastatic tumor. Only 8 of the 26 patients had chronic hypertension (blood pressure greater than 130/85 mm Hg), suggesting that hypertension is not an etiological factor in most lobar hemorrhages.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

CT and ultrasound in the diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma and lymphangioma of the orbit.

Eighteen cases of cavernous hemangioma and seven cases of lymphangioma of the orbit were evaluated with regard to contrast enhancement, hemogeneity, type of margin, anatomic location, and associated changes in he bone. Hemangiomas usually demonstrated homogeneous contrast enhancement, a relatively smooth margin, intraconal location, with occasional extension to the orbital apex, and focal bone expansion. Lymphangiomas showed either minimal heterogeneous or absence of contrast enhancement, irregular margins, and anterior and posterior locations. Ultrasonography of hemangiomas showed high amplitude and closely packed echoes from vessel walls adjacent to blood-filled spaces. Lymphangiomas had a similar ultrasound pattern, but with very wide separation of echoes due to larger fluid lakes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Production of thin CT sections and coronal and sagittal images by spatial filtering.

A method for the production of thin axial transverse sections, coronal views, and sagittal views from overlapped thick computed tomography (CT) scans has been developed. Thin slices are produced by spatially filtering the overlapped CT data using a filter that is a combination of square waves in the spatial domain. Resolution recovery and noise properties have been examined in phantomas and patients for a selection of filter parameters. Sample results of these studies are presented. The method has been applied to data from several hundred patient studies. Several of these cases are shown to illustrate the method.

Brain↗
PubMed1980

Radiological evaluation of orbital metastases, with emphasis on computed tomography.

Metastases to the orbit are found in the choroid, retrobulbar soft tissues, or bony orbit. Choroidal metastases result in retinal detachment and are best evaluated with fundoscopy and ultrasound. Retrobulbar metastases can involve both extraconal and intraconal spaces; they appear as masses having a high absorption value and irregular margins on plain CT scans and show slight contrast enhancement. The greater wing of the sphenoid is the most common site of bone metastases. These lesions often have soft-tissue components in both the lateral extraconal space of the orbit and the middle cranial fossa.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Computed tomography in Hallervorden-Spatz disease.

Computed tomography (CT) in a 34-year-old woman with Hallervorden-Spatz disease (established on the basis of clinicopathologic findings in a sister, and a typical clinical course) showed severe diffuse cerebral atrophy and ventricular enlargement. Ratios between the intercaudate distance and the width of the frontal horns (FH:CC) or the outer tables of the skull (CC:OTcc) exceeded those found in patients with Huntington disease. CT may be helpful diagnostically in progressive cerebral disorders of late childhood or adolescence.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to ruptured intracranial aneurysm: prognostic significance of cranial CT.

Computed tomographic (CT) findings in 50 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to proven intracranial aneurysms were analyzed for prognostic significance in relation to the clinical grade and severity of vasospasm that developed preoperatively. Only patients who had CT within 4 days after the documented hemorrhage were included in the study. CT scans were classified according to the extent of subarachnoid bleeding. There was direct correlation between the extent of blood and the clinical grade, and between the extent of blood and the severity of vasospasm that developed. The importance of abnormal contrast enhancement was also investigated and found to be of no significance. Scans soon after subarachnoid hemorrhage can assist in identifying patients at risk for preoperative neurologic deterioration.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Low-dose metrizamide cisternography with pluridirectional tomography: a useful adjunct to computed tomographic cisternography.

The use of stereotactic necrotizing proton beam irradiation for treatment of pituitary adenoma has prompted the use of computed tomographic cisternography (CTC) as an adjunct to intravenous enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scanning. A technique for obtaining sagittal pluridirectional tomographic sections prior to coronal and axial CTC is outlined. Experience with 19 cases is described.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

Mechanisms of acute carotid stroke.

In a three-year study, the clinical course and results of intracranial angiography were compared in patients having an acute stroke in the carotid artery territory combined with angiographic abnormalities indicating severe extracranial carotid stenosis or occlusion. Two major mechanisms of stroke were delineated. In one group, the angiographic intracranial abnormalities strongly suggested the presence of embolism in the cerebral vessels supplied by the stenotic or occluded carotid artery; many of these patients had no obvious transient ischemic attacks prior to their stroke and experienced a moderate to severe clinical deficit. In the other group, evidence of embolism was absent; many showed a widespread delay in cerebral arterial perfusion, experienced a greater frequency of transient ischemic attacks before their stroke, and had a milder stroke than did those with embolism.

Carotid Artery Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Computed tomography of masses in the lacrimal gland region.

Twenty patients with mass lesions in the lacrimal gland region were evaluated with computed tomography (CT). The extent of the mass and its relationship to the globe, optic nerve, and extraocular muscles were clearly seen. The CT appearance on plain scan and the presence or absence of contrast enhancement, bone involvement, and cystic components often suggested the specific pathological diagnosis. Although orbital ultrasonography and CT were frequently complementary, ultrasonography was more definitive in inflammatory diseases, while CT demonstrated better extraorbital extension.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Expanded high iodine dose in computed cranial tomography: a preliminary report.

Fifty patients undergoing cranial CT had expanded-high-iodine-dose (EHID) scans. The EHID was given either as an additional bolus dose (37--40 g iodine) after a routine infusion contrast scan (42.3 g), or as a continuous infusion (total 74--80 g). Diseases presented include primary and metastatic neoplasm, pituitary neoplasm, and demyelinating disease. The results suggest that the primary usefulness of the EHID is in (a) detecting multiple rather than solitary brain lesions, (b) the definitive demonstration of an equivocal area of abnormal enhancement, and (c) differentiating solid histologically microcystic from frankly macrocystic neoplasms.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of mucoceles of the paranasal sinuses with computed tomography.

Eighteen patients with mucoceles of the paranasal sinuses were studied by plain radiography, pluridirectional tomography, and computed tomography (CT). Sixteen of the lesions had a homogeneous appearance on CT but demonstrated variable absorption characteristics, with acutely infected mucoceles showing rim enhancement. Plain radiography and pluridirectional tomography were usually sufficient for making a diagnosis and defining the extent of the lesion, but CT more accurately demonstrated orbital and intracranial extension. Both transverse and coronal CT are essential for adequate evaluation.

Adolescent↗