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Biomedical subjects

K R Carlson

Publications and source records attributed to K R Carlson.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Dyskinesias in monkeys: interaction of methamphetamine with prior methadone treatment.

Rhesus monkeys with a history of drinking methadone, but presently drug-free, were injected with low doses of methamphetamine (MA). They immediately developed oral dyskinesias resembling the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia in humans, a condition resulting from chronic blockade of striatal dopamine receptors by neuroleptics. Nine of 11 control monkeys failed to develop dyskinesias during prolonged MA administration. A stressful stimulus intensified the MA-elicited oral dyskinesias, an effect analogous to exacerbation of tardive dyskinesias by emotional stress. Control monkeys were then injected with methadone, chlorpromazine, haloperidol, or saline for 45 days. Ten days following this chronic treatment, MA immediately elicted oral dyskinesias in the methadone and chlorpromazine monkeys. Acute administration of the dopaminergic blocking agents chlorpromazine, spiroperidol, and clozapine eliminated MA-elicited dyskinesias, whereas the alpha-adrenergic blocker phentolamine was ineffective. Physostigmine blocked the dyskinesias in 1 of 2 cases. Sedative doses of phenobarbital and diazepam had no effect on oral dyskinesias. These data indicate that chronic treatment with methadone or other dopamine receptor blocking agents leads to receptor supersensitivity to the actions of MA.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Susceptibility to amphetamine-elicited dyskinesias following chronic methadone treatment in monkeys.

Eight rhesus monkeys that had drunk subdependence-producing doses of methadone daily for 10-22 months, and had subsequently been drug-free for 2-17 months, were injected with low doses of methamphetamine (MA). They immediately exhibited oral dyskinesias resembling the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia in humans, a condition resulting from chronic blockade of striatal dopamine receptors by neuroleptics. Eleven control monkeys failed to develop dyskinesias during prolonged MA administration. Control monkeys then received parenteral methadone, chlorpromazine, haloperidol, or saline for 45 days. Upon subsequent retest with MA, the methadone and chlorpromazine monkeys immediately displayed oral dyskinesias. Dopaminergic antagonists blocked MA-elicited dyskinesis, whereas neither a noradrenergic blocker nor sedative doses of phenobarbital and diazepam had any effect on dyskinesias. We suggest that receptor supersensitivity is produced by chronic treatment with methadone or other dopamine receptor blockers. Following treatment, stimulation of hypersensitive striatal receptors by the dopamine released by MA results in oral dyskinesias. The clinical implications for methadone maintenance treatment program patients are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Dyskinesias elicited by methamphetamine: susceptibility of former methadone-consuming monkeys.

Rhesus monkeys with a history of drinking methadone but currently drug-free and control monkeys with no drug history were injected with methamphetamine hydrochloride (2 to 5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight). In six of seven monkeys which had consumed methadone the lowest dose immediately elicited pronounced oral dyskinesias virtually identical to those of human tardive dyskinesia. The control monkeys did not exhibit oral dyskinesias even after prolonged treatment with the highest dose. The clincial implications may be related to the functioning of brain dopaminergic systems.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethanol and cocaine intake by rats selectively bred for oral opioid acceptance.

Lines which accept or reject the potent opioid etonitazene, and a randomly bred control line, were assessed for the specificity of selective breeding. Drug-naive subjects from generation 8 were offered a continuous choice between water and 10% ethanol for 20 days. There was no difference between the accepting and rejecting lines in preference for one fluid, or in amount of ethanol consumed. The same rats were then given a choice between water and increasing concentrations (0.08-0.64 mg/ml) of cocaine, 7 days at each concentration. There were no differences among the lines in preference for the drug, but the rejecting line drank more of the cocaine solution than the accepting line. Finally, these rats were subjected to the regimen used in choosing rats for selective breeding, 4 days of a water-etonitazene choice. In their preference for etonitazene the order of the lines was as expected: accepting > control > rejecting. In addition, the accepting line drank more of the etonitazene solution than the other two lines. These data suggest that selection has been rather specific and not for a generalized tendency to become intoxicated.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correct utilization and management of peripherally inserted central catheters and midline catheters in the alternate care setting.

Based on patient condition, intravenous therapies, caregiver support, and organizational policy, correct device selection plays an integral part in the overall care and management of the alternate care setting i.v. therapy patient. This paper will identify the various aspects of appropriate device selection for i.v. therapy prescriptions.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗