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Biomedical subjects

K R Brown

Publications and source records attributed to K R Brown.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Comparison of the sensitivity of the vaginal mucous membranes of the albino rabbit and laboratory rat to nonoxynol-9.

Studies were conducted to compare the sensitivities of the vaginal mucous membranes of the albino rabbit and albino rat to irritation by the surfactant nonoxynol-9. The purpose of this comparison was to evaluate the rat as a model for screening vaginal products for their potential irritancy. Nonoxynol-9 at various concentrations in distilled water was administered intravaginally by lavage once a day for four consecutive days. On day 5, the animals were killed and the vaginal tissues were processed and examined histopathologically. Using a predetermined semiquantitative scoring system, it was found that the intensity of irritation was concentration dependent in both species. In the rabbit, the irritation was significantly greater than that in the rat, being mild with concentrations of 2.5 and 5% and moderate to severe at 12.5 and 25%. In the rat, irritation was negligible up to 12.5%, becoming mild at 25% and more moderate at 75%. Thus the vaginal mucosa of the rabbit is more sensitive than that of the rat and may be expected to give a more exaggerated representation of the irritation potential of a compound to the human vagina than would the rat mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Photochemical binding of photoallergens to human serum albumin: a simple in vitro method for screening potential photoallergens.

A simple procedure employing UV spectroscopy is described for testing the ability of chemicals to form covalent conjugates with proteins after irradiation with the appropriate wavelength of light. A range of known photoallergens of widely differing structure has been tested using this procedure; results of these experiments, together with evidence from the scientific literature, provide a correlation between compounds known to be photoallergens and their ability to form covalent conjugates with proteins on irradiation with the appropriate wavelength of light. The method is proposed as an in vitro screening procedure for potential photoallergens.

Allergens↗
PubMed1985

Imipenem/cilastatin therapy of serious infections: a U.S. multicenter noncomparative trial.

Imipenem/cilastatin, which combines a broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from thienamycin with a specific enzyme inhibitor, was administered in dosages of 1 to 4 gm/day to 717 patients in a multicenter noncomparative trial. Ninety-nine percent of the bacterial pathogens tested were susceptible to imipenem, and 86% were eradicated. Clinical outcome was favorable in 85% or more of the cases when assessed according to the site of infection, and 92% of the cases responded to treatment overall. Development of resistance was rare except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which became resistant in 19% of the patients infected with that organism. More than half the patients with resistant P aeruginosa had a favorable clinical outcome, however. Superinfection occurred in approximately 4% of all patients. The adverse clinical experiences occurring most frequently were related to gastrointestinal function (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea). In general, the safety profile of imipenem/cilastatin was similar to that of other beta-lactam antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Pleomorphism of Legionella pneumophila.

Legionella pneumophila (Lp), serogroups 1-6, was grown in vitro on a variety of media, in embryonated hens' eggs, and in guinea pigs. The morphology of the microbe was examined by light, immunofluorescent, and electron microscopy (transmission, scanning, negative staining). The configuration of all serogroups examined differed somewhat on agar media, in liquid media, and in vivo. Each serogroup of Lp showed pleomorphic features indistinguishable from the others. Except for filamentous forms, pleomorphism was least conspicuous on agar. By contrast, pleomorphism was most apparent in yeast extract broth, and it was detected by all of the morphologic techniques employed. Bacilli were seen most commonly, but the spectrum of forms was as follows: cocci, coccobacilli (short bacilli), medium bacilli, bacilli with terminal cocci, filamentous forms, and branches. Diplococci, branches, and stalks were only rarely seen, and the latter form was never visualized by immunofluorescence. In tissue samples from infected guinea pigs and embryonated hens' eggs, Lp was typically a short bacillus, but coccoid and coccobacillary forms were seen. Lp is clearly a pleomorphic bacterium, particularly when grown in yeast extract broth. The variety of forms described herein might provide clues to taxonomy, ecologic niche, and physiology of Lp.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Safety and tolerance comparison of imipenem-cilastatin to cephalothin and cefazolin.

Imipenem-cilastatin was compared, in two multicentre clinical trials, with cefazolin or cephalothin, in their efficacy, safety, and tolerance. Safety and tolerance for imipenem-cilastatin was similar to that of these two cephalosporins. There were more transient liver function test changes in the imipenem-cilastatin group, but the frequency was similar to that for beta-lactams in general. There were similar numbers of cases of transient neutropenia in each group. Clinical side effects were few for the treatment groups and all drugs were well tolerated.

Cefazolin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safety of cefoxitin: an approach to the analysis of laboratory data.

The safety of cefoxitin, in terms of values obtained in laboratory tests during and after therapy, was estimated by three methods for analysis of data derived from controlled clinical comparisons of cephalothin and cefoxitin. Both antibiotics were found to be safe with respect to hematologic, renal, and hepatic function and did not differ significantly from each other. Laboratory data confirmed by tests performed serially and by paired related tests were analyzed by a novel method of comparison.

Cefoxitin↗