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Biomedical subjects

K Psilas

Publications and source records attributed to K Psilas.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The cornea in exfoliation syndrome.

Exfoliation syndrome (EXS) is a disorder which affects some structures of the eye. We studied the changes of the cornea in patients with EXS and compared with those in normal persons. A prospective study of 96 consecutive patients more than 70 years of age was set up. 48 of them (70 eyes, group A) had exfoliation in one or both eyes and 48 (group B) had no ocular disease other than senile cataract. None of the patients had any systemic disease. The endothelium and thickness of the central cornea were studied. Endothelium of the eyes with EXS showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower cell density than those of group B. Cornea in group A was significantly thicker (p < 0.05) than in group B. The morphology of the endothelium in group A showed a decrease of hexagonal cells and a higher rate of polymegethism compared to group B. Corneal thickness and endothelium showed no significant differences between the eyes with EXS and normal fellow eyes. These results add another risk factor, the fragile cornea, in eyes with EXS, in cataract surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The effect of indomethacin, diclofenac and flurbiprofen on the maintenance of mydriasis during extracapsular cataract extraction.

Surgically induced miosis (SIM) frequently occurs during extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE). A randomized clinical trial was performed to evaluate the effect of 3 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs Indomethacin 1%, Diclofenac 0.1% and Flurbiprofen 0.03%, administered topically before ECCE, on the maintenance of mydriasis during surgery. The patients were grouped based on the type of NSAID given preoperatively in addition to the standard mydriatic agents: 46 patients in group A (Indomethacin), 40 patients in B (Diclofenac), 44 patients in C (Flurbiprofen) and 34 patients formed control group D (no NSAID was instilled). Horizontal pupillary diameter measurements were taken, using a caliper, immediately prior to surgery (step 0), after capsulotomy (step I), after expression of the lens nucleus (step II) and after irrigation-aspiration of the cortical remnants (step III). Differences in pupillary diameter between step 0 and the different surgical steps were used as indices of pupillary constrictions observed in the 4 groups. A significantly less pupillary constriction was found in groups A and C than in D between steps 0 and II (p = 0.01) and in groups A and C than in B and D between steps 0 and III (p = 0.001). Our results show that Indomethacin 1% and Flurbiprofen 0.03%, compared to Diclofenac 0.1% and no NSAID regime, are significantly more effective in maintaining mydriasis during cataract surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Diagnostic tests for dry eye disease in normals and dry eye patients with and without Sjögren's syndrome.

In order to compare the diagnostic tests for dry eye disease and the results of conjunctival impression cytology, we examined three groups of eyes: 146 eyes of normal controls, 108 eyes of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) patients without Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and 102 eyes of patients with SS. The clinical tests (break-up time, Schirmer test, Rose Bengal staining) and conjunctival impression cytology specimens from the superior part of the bulbar conjunctiva were evaluated from all the eyes. Our results showed that the patients with KCS without SS have abnormal lacrimal tests (p < 0.001) without changes in impression cytology [nucleo/cytoplasmic ratio (N/C), p > 0.1]. The patients with KCS and SS have also abnormal lacrimal tests (p < 0.01), and their epithelial cells presented squamous metaplasia (N/C, p < 0.001). The goblet cell number remained unchanged in the three groups (p > 0.1).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Association of progressive external ophthalmoplegia and lattice corneal dystrophy].

The authors conducted a study in a family pedigree comprising 33 patients (men 16, women 17). In this pedigree there coexisted patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and corneal lattice dystrophy. Two patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and ten with lattice corneal dystrophy were found. One of our patients (propositus) suffered from both diseases. Our study proves that, in this pedigree, progressive external ophthalmoplegia and corneal lattice dystrophy have an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Sterile corneal ulcers in dry eye. Incidence and factors of occurrence].

Sterile corneal ulceration is a serious complication in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The records of 134 patients, 19 males and 115 females, who presented with dry eyes in the Ophthalmologic Clinic were reviewed. Over a period of 6 years, 33 eyes of 23 (17%) patients developed a sterile corneal ulcer. The etiologies of dry eyes in these patients were: Primary Sjogren's syndrome: 10 cases, rheumatoid arthritis: 5 cases, ocular pemphigoid 6 cases, atopy: 1 case, local irradiation: 1 case. Patient's age and sex were not significantly associated with ulcer development (p greater than 0.05). The presence of a major underlying disease was the major contributing factor. Appropriate local treatment and patient compliance were also contributing factors. Blepharitis was found in 90% of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Sterile corneal ulcers in dry eye. II. Treatment, complications and course].

Over a period of 6 years, 23 patients (4 males and 19 females: mean age 56 years) who presented dry eyes developed 33 sterile corneal ulcers. Treatment included occlusion of the eyes or bandage soft contact lenses, prophylactic topical administration of antibiotics, punctal occlusions and currently available tear substitutes. Seventeen eyes healed completely without any corneal opacity and 10 eyes healed with opacity. Nine of the 33 eyes developed microbial keratitis. The causes of microbial keratitis were Staphylococcus aureus in 7 cases, beta-hemolytic Streptococcus in one and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in one case. The microbial keratitis was treated with intensive topical antibiotics. In 6 eyes, corneal perforation occurred. Rheumatoid arthritis coexisted in four cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Correlation of conjunctival impression cytology results with lacrimal function and age.

Impression specimens were obtained from the bulbar conjunctiva of 146 eyes of 73 healthy volunteers (mean age, 52 years). Goblet cell densities and nuclear-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio were determined. Break-up time (BUT), Schirmer-I test (S-I), Rose Bengal scores (RBs) were also recorded. Using a simple linear regression analysis, no correlation between the number of Goblet cells and age, BUT and S-I was found. Negative correlation with RBs (P = 0.05) was found. The N/C ratio has a negative correlation (P less than 0.01) with age and RBs and a positive correlation with BUT (P less than 0.01) and S-I (P = 0.03).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Familial coexistence of the association: Fabry's syndrome and congenital ptosis].

The authors undertook a clinical and genetic study in a large family with the aim of identifying the mode of inheritance of Fabry syndrome and congenital ptosis. These two types of pathology were present to varying extents. The family pedigree consisted of 95 individuals, spanning 5 generations. Three individuals (males) were found to have Fabry syndrome and 14 (males and females) congenital ptosis. The patients with Fabry syndrome also had congenital ptosis. According to these results, Fabry syndrome is inherited by an X-linked recessive mode and congenital ptosis by an autosomal dominant mode.

Blepharoptosis↗
PubMed1991

Antituberculosis therapy in the treatment of peripheral uveitis.

Tuberculous uveitis usually appears as chronic anterior uveitis or disseminated choroiditis. From 1982 to 1989, we conducted a retrospective study of 23 patients with presumed tuberculous uveitis. All patients had a positive tuberculin purified protein derivative skin test. The diagnosis was based on history, positive skin test, and physical examination. We excluded other conditions that could induce uveitis, based on the absence of signs, symptoms, or laboratory results suggesting any other diagnosis. Tuberculous uveitis was also considered in the differential diagnosis when progressive ocular inflammation was resistant to corticosteroid therapy. The patients received the following treatment: (1) isoniazid (300mg/day) and rifampin (600mg/day) for nine to 12 months, (2) ethambutol (1200mg/day) in some cases for two to three months, and (3) corticosteroids orally where indicated. In cases with anterior uveitis, we added local instillation of mydriatics and corticosteroids. There was no regression, nor were there any side effects of antituberculosis therapy in all 23 patients. We noted clinical improvement in 78% of cases. Five patients had other conditions (cataract or retinal detachment) that worsened their vision.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

The frequency of pseudoexfoliation in a region of Greece (Epirus).

A study of pseudoexfoliation syndrome frequency has been evaluated in the northwest of Greece (Epirus). In 700 examined patients (greater than or equal to 50 years old) pseudoexfoliation was found in 170 (24.3%). The frequency of pseudoexfoliation increases with age; no difference was noticed between sexes. Ocular hypertension (greater than 22 mmHg) was found in 39.5% of the patients.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment of toxoplasmosis. The treatment of toxoplasmic chorioretinitis].

Toxoplasmosis is the commonest cause of inflammatory disease of the posterior segment of the eye. We treated 23 patients with acute toxoplasma chorioretinitis with sulfonamides, pyrimethamine and corticosteroids for a period of 4 weeks. All patients with acute disease had characteristic foci and a positive titer on the Sabin-Feldman dye test. In all patients, we observed clinical improvement within 2 weeks, but one patient with a lesion larger than 2 disc diameters improved after the third week. During the follow-up period ranging from 6 months to 6 years (mean 2.5 years), there have been four recurrences (17%). No serious side effects of treatment were observed in our patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Comparative study of argon laser trabeculoplasty in primary open-angle and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.

In 93 phakic eyes--52 eyes with primary open-angle and 41 eyes with exfoliation glaucoma--with increased intraocular pressure, argon laser trabeculoplasty was performed. Fifty to sixty burns were made over 180 degrees of the lower trabecular meshwork. During the follow-up period, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, medication changes and the need for surgery were studied. In 25 eyes a second laser treatment was performed over 180 degrees of the upper trabecular meshwork. Intraocular pressure control was obtained in 81% of the eyes with primary open-angel glaucoma and 71% of the eyes with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. The average reduction of pressure obtained after laser trabeculoplasty was 9.22 mm Hg for the group of eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma and 13.42 mm Hg for the group of eyes with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (p less than 0.001). Reduction in medical treatment was obtained in 27 eyes from the 71 eyes with successful reduction of the intraocular pressure. In 6 eyes with successful results after argon laser trabeculoplasty, cataract extraction was performed. The intraocular pressure remained normal in all eyes after the operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Hereditary juvenile dystrophy of the macula in a large family from Epirus].

The authors present a clinical, epidemiologic and genetic study of juvenile macular dystrophy (Stargardt's disease) in a large kindred from Epirus in Greece. The family tree consists of 372 individuals spanning six generations over more than a century. 257 are direct descendants of the founding couple. Nineteen individuals were found to suffer from Stargardt's disease, thirteen of whom are still alive today. Segregation analysis of the data showed that in this pedigree, the disease is transmitted with the autosomal dominant mode of inheritance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[An example of dominant heredity in the transmission of primary open-angle glaucoma in a northwestern region of Greece].

The authors have accomplished an epidemiological clinical and genetic study on primary open-angle glaucoma among 411 persons in the North Western district of Greece (Epirus), belonging to 4 genealogical trees. 112 of the 411 persons were offsprings aged 30 years or more, alive or dead, and they had direct blood-relation to the propositus. 35 of these offsprings were suffering from primary open-angle glaucoma. The classification and the number of the affected subjects suggested that one major gene, expressed by the autosomal dominant character, is the main factor for the heredity of primary open-angle glaucoma in Epirus-Greece.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[A case of secondary ghost cell glaucoma with pseudohypopyon after cataract extraction].

A 75 year woman with chronic vitreous hemorrhage underwent extraction of a senile cataract. Surgery was complicated by the flow of brown fluid from the vitreous to the anterior chamber, which was not entirely removed. Post-operatively there was pain, 2 mm of brown hypopyon and intraocular pressure elevation to 60 mm Hg with the preoperative diagnosis of endophthalmitis, a pars plana vitreous tap and instillation of intravitreal antibiotics was performed. Bacterial cultures were negative and the presence of erythrocyte "ghost cells" established the diagnosis of hemolytic glaucoma. As medical management proved ineffective, a pars plana vitrectomy was performed. One year post-operatively the patient had a visual acuity of 0.4-0.5, normal intraocular pressure without medication and evidence of an old branch retinal vein occlusion. The mechanism of hemolytic "ghost-cell" glaucoma in this case is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Antigen HLA-B5 in Adamantiadès-Behçet syndrome (author's transl)].

Among 16 cases clinicaly diagnosed as Adamantiadès-Behçet syndrome coming from various areas of Northern Greece, antigen HLA-B5 was found on 12, i.e. 75% instead of 18,5% in the normal population of the same areas (200 subjects were examined by Dr. Z. Polymenidis in this thesis). On 3 other cases the antigen found was HLA-BW35 (belonging to group C4), while on the last one the antigen was HLA-B27. 4 cases, suspicious for atypical Adamantiadès-Behçet syndrome, are reported in which the discovery of antigen HLA-B5 inhanced the clinical diagnosis of the syndrome and made possible the early application of suitable treatment (steroids, immunosupressors).

Adult↗