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Biomedical subjects

K Prellner

Publications and source records attributed to K Prellner.

114 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevention of experimental acute otitis media with penicillin V.

The preventive effect of penicillin V (pcV) in pneumococcal otitis media in the rat has been studied. The pcV was administered either before bacterial challenge (prevention group) or after challenge but before the establishing of acute purulent otitis media (AOM) (early treatment group). In both cases a fulminant infection was avoided. Thus, in the prevention group no animal developed AOM and in the early treatment group the fulminant AOM was avoided in all cases. These results give further support to the idea of using long-term treatment with an antibiotic with a narrow spectrum to avoid recurrent AOM (rAOM). Furthermore the observation that early treatment might stop the development of fulminant AOM indicates another more restrictive possibility to use antibiotic as a prophylactic measure in otitis-prone children.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of gammaglobulin on pneumococcal otitis media in the rat.

Previously it has been found possible to induce pneumococcal AOM that closely resembles human infections, in the rat. In this study, the rat model has been used to study the possibilities to affect the infection by administration of gammaglobulin. The gammaglobulin was administered either systemically by intravenous injection of 0.2 g/kg bodyweight in 15 rats, or topically when 8 mg was instilled into the middle ear cavity of 18 rats. Although intravenous administration in this model failed to provide protection from AOM, topical administration simultaneously with the bacterial challenge was successful.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Colonization by Haemophilus influenzae and group A streptococci in recurrent acute tonsillitis and in tonsillar hypertrophy.

One hundred patients subjected to tonsillectomy because of recurrent acute tonsillitis or tonsillar hypertrophy were evaluated bacteriologically both with ordinary throat culturing and cultures from tonsillar cores. In 26% of the patients H. influenzae was isolated and in 20% beta-haemolytic group A streptococci. Growth of B. catarrhalis was obtained in 10% and group C-, group G streptococci or pneumococci in less than 5% each. None of the group A streptococcal strains proved tolerant to penicillin. A much higher isolation rate of H. influenzae was found in cultures obtained from tonsillar core tissue (23%) than from ordinary throat cultures (2%). This was also the fact, though to a lower extent, regarding group A streptococci. H. influenzae and group A streptococci were isolated as often in patients with tonsillar hypertrophy as in patients suffering from recurrent acute tonsillitis, suggesting a role of these bacteria in both conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of sinus empyema in adults. A coordinated Nordic multicenter trial of cefixime vs. cefaclor.

In sinus empyema, H. influenzae is the most prevalent pathogen in some subpopulations and in case of therapeutic failure. Cefixime, the first oral cephalosporin of the 3rd generation, is highly potent in vitro against H. influenzae. To study the efficacy and safety of cefixime in adults with acute sinusitis, a coordinated, double-blind multicenter trial was designed for purulent cases, as confirmed by antral aspiration. A total of 364 patients were enrolled in the study with 125 cases randomized to the reference group, assigned to treatment with cefaclor. Evaluation was based on clinical outcome and on antral reaspiration (86% of the cases). No significant differences between the treatment groups were found, as regards short-term or long-term clinical outcome. However, the clinical examination overestimated the therapeutic results. Only 4% of the patients were considered as failures, but the re-aspiration demonstrated remaining suppuration in 14% of all cases (p less than 0.001). Based on re-aspiration, the failure rate among patients with initial growth of pathogens was lower for cefixime (8%) than for cefaclor (20%) (p less than 0.05). Such a difference was not found among patients with growth of H. influenzae. No serious adverse reactions were recorded, but loose stools and diarrhoea were significantly more frequent in the cefixime treatment group. Five patients (2%) in the cefixime treatment group discontinued their treatment due to adverse events.

Cefaclor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Persistent structural changes in the middle ear mucosa of the rat, after an experimentally induced episode of pneumococcal otitis media.

To examine the effect of a transient episode of purulent AOM on the middle ear mucosa, an animal model was used. Histological examination was performed after inoculation of pneumococci into the rat middle ear. At 4, 8 and 12 days, and at 2 months after the inoculation, rats were sacrificed on each occasion and samples taken from specific areas of the middle ear mucosa. Structural alterations were noted at all mucosal sites. The normally flat epithelium had become more cuboidal or cylindrical, and numerous ciliated cells occurred in areas originally devoid of these cells. Epithelial cells penetrated the subepithelium forming gland-like structures. In the early phase, day 4 and day 8, inflammatory cells invaded the subepithelial layer except in the tympanic membrane. At 2 months, with the tympanic membrane otimicroscopically and histologically normalized, the structural changes of the mucosa still persisted indicating that a transient episode of pneumococcal otitis media can cause persisting mucosal changes.

Acute Disease↗