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Biomedical subjects

K Penttinen

Publications and source records attributed to K Penttinen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Q fever in Finland: clinical, immunological and epidemiological findings.

Clinical, immunological and epidemiological features of 14 human cases of Q fever diagnosed at Aurora Hospital are presented. All patients had an acute febrile disease and 9 (64%) had respiratory symptoms, 4 (29%) verified pneumonia, and 9 (64%) hepatitis, which in 4 biopsied cases proved to be granulomatous. Presence of circulating immune complexes was shown in 10/11 patients investigated by the platelet aggregation test (PAT) and the platelet iodinated protein A (PIPA) test. Q fever is not known to be endemic in the Nordic Countries. However, the causative agent, Coxiella burnetii, should tolerate our climate and there is a rich potential animal reservoir. All patients had visited some endemic area shortly before they were taken ill. In 3 cases the interval between arrival in Finland and the onset of symptoms was more than double the reported maximal incubation period, namely 69, 75 and 88 days. We suggest that these patients acquired the infection after their return to Finland from their clothing or from souvenirs. If so, Q fever could be acquired by this mechanism by persons who have never visited an area where the disease is endemic.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Circulating immune complexes, immunoconglutinins, and rheumatoid factors in nephropathia epidemica.

Circulating immune complexes (CICs), immunoconglutinins, and antiglobulins were studied in nephropathia epidemica, an acute infectious hemorrhagic fever occurring in Finland and Scandinavia. Sixty-one serum specimens from 18 serologically confirmed patients were collected between day -5 and day 230 from the onset of fever. Five CIC tests, three immunoconglutinin tests, and various other tests were used to characterize the disease immunologically. CICs were found in all patients. The percentage detection of positive cases varied in the tests from 100% to 22%. A marked stimulation of levels of the IgM class of immunoglobulins were observed. Antiglobulin tests were positive for all of the patients. No correlation between the test results and the clinical severity of the disease could be found. Of special interest was the delay in the rise of CIC levels compared with the chromologic pattern of the clinical course. In some patients a prolonged appearance of CICs for eight months was observed.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1981

Lymphocyte blast transformation and antibody responses after vaccination with inactivated mumps virus vaccine.

Mumps antibody response and the development of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to mumps antigen as assayed by the lymphocyte blast transformation method were studied after immunization with an inactivated mumps vaccine in seven sero-negative and ten sero-positive subjects. The transformation response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to mumps antigen generally appeared by 20 weeks post vaccination and reached levels found in sero-positive subjects years after mumps infection. There was no clear-cut correlation between the magnitude of blast transformation and antibody responses.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1981

Circulating immune complexes, the concentration of serum IgA and the distribution of HLA antigens in IgA nephropathy.

A series of 40 IgA nephropathy patients is presented. IgA nephropathy was the most common (24%) type of glomerulonephritis in our renal biopsy material. Circulating immune complexes were measured by five methods that gave a positive result in 9-69% of the patients. The platelet aggregation test with heated serum (PAT2) was by far the most commonly positive. The serum concentrations of IgA were measured by two methods, radial immunodiffusion and laser nephelometry. Both tests gave similar results. 58% of the patients had elevated serum IgA. There was no statistically significant association between HLA antigens and IgA nephropathy as compared with the control material.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of six tests for circulating IgG complexes with special reference to IgM rheumatoid factors: analysis of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis series.

Six tests for circulating immune complexes (CIC) developed in four laboratories and representing four main principles [affinity of human platelets, Clq, of RF for aggregated IgG, and of conglutinin (Kg) for complex-bound C3] were evaluated on series of SLE and definite RA. All tests detected human model complexes in the presence of NHS and discriminated the patient series from the blood donor series, most powerful being the PIPA (platelet test). The high correlation between the RF-binding inhibition tests (RFbI) and the RF-latex test suggested interference due to intrinsic RFs. This received further support from experimental analyses in which RA sera mixed with varying doses of heat-aggregated IgG were assayed by the pRFbI test.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1980

Radial haemolysis in gel: a comparative study with Chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis and rubella viruses, representatives of three genera of Togaviridae family.

Optimal conditions of radial haemolysis in gel (HIG) with Chikungunya (Chik) and Japanese encephalitis (JE) viruses were developed and compared with those of rubella virus. Sheep erythrocytes were found preferable for HIG with Chik and JE viruses, unlike rubella virus, where goose erythrocytes gave best results. Rooster erythrocytes were completely negative in the Chik and JE HIG, again differing from rubella virus, which was practically as good with rooster as with goose erythrocytes. Sheep erythrocytes with rubella virus gave incomplete reactions in HIG. Sensitization of erythrocytes with JE and Chik viruses is better, when borate-phosphate, and not phosphate buffer, is used. Optimum pH values for both viruses should be regarded. Sucrose-acetone, freon and borate-saline antigens from infected mice brain may be used for HIG with Chik and JE viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Monensin and FCCP inhibit the intracellular transport of alphavirus membrane glycoproteins.

Temperature-sensitive mutants of semliki forest virus (SFV) and sindbis virus (SIN) were used to study the intracellular transport of virus membrane glycoproteins in infected chicken embryo fibroblasts. When antisera against purified glycoproteins and (125)I- labeled protein A from staphylococcus aureus were used only small amounts of virus glycoproteins were detected at the surface of SFV ts-1 and SIN Ts-10 infected cells incubated at the restrictive temperature (39 degrees C). When the mutant-infected cells were shifted to the permissive temperature (28 degrees C), in the presence of cycloheximide, increasing amounts of virus glycoproteins appeared at the cell surface from 20 to 80 min after the shift. Both monensin (10muM) and carbonylcyanide-p- trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP; 10-20 muM) inhibited the appearance of virus membrane glycoproteins at the cell surface. Vinblastine sulfate (10 mug/ml) inhibited the transport by approximately 50 percent, whereas cytochalasin B (1 mug/ml) had only a marginal effect. Intracellular distribution of virus glycoproteins in the mutant-infected cells was visualized in double-fluorescence studies using lectins as markers for endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. At 39 degrees C, the virus membrane glycoproteins were located at the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas after shift to 28 degrees C, a bright juxtanuclear reticular fluorescence was seen in the location of the Golgi apparatus. In the presence of monensin, the virus glycoproteins could migrate to the Golgi apparatus, although transport to the cell surface did not take place. When the shift was carried out in the presence of FCCP, negligible fluorescence was seen in the Golgi apparatus and the glycoproteins apparently remained in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. A rapid inhibition in the accumulation of virus glycoproteins at the cell surface was obtained when FCCP was added during the active transport period, whereas with monensin there was a delay of approximately 10 min. These results suggest a similar intracellular pathway in the maturation of both plasma membrane and secretory glycoproteins.

Alphavirus↗
PubMed1980

Nephropathia epidemica: detection of antigen in bank voles and serologic diagnosis of human infection.

An indirect immunofluorescence test for detection of serum antibodies specific for nephropathia epidemica (NE) has been developed with use of acetone-fixed cryostat sections of the lungs of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) that had been trapped from the NE-endemic area in Finland as antigen. NE antigen was detected as distinct fluorescence in the cytoplasm of alveolar and macrophage-like cells. The 16 patients studied included typical cases from an endemic area, cases from a family outbreak, and cases in a laboratory staff which had had close contact with infected bank voles. Antibodies reacting with antigen in the lung sections developed in all of the patients but they were not found in the preimmune sera of the patients, in the sera of patients with other renal diseases, or in the sera of healthy individuals, with the exception of a member of the laboratory staff who had lived in the endemic area for 20 years. No specific IgM antibodies to NE could be detected. The rise in titer of antibodies to NE was characteristically prolonged, and elevated antibody levels persisted for many years.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of amantadine in the prophylaxis of influenza A (H1N1) virus infection: a controlled field trial among young adults and high-risk patients.

The usefulness of amantadine in the protection of humans against influenza A (H1N1) virus was evaluated in a double-blind field trial with 555 volunteers in Finland in the winter of 1978. Three populations--patients in a general hospital, adults in a home for the aged, and two groups of military conscripts--were chosen. Epidemic influenza occurred only in the two groups of conscripts: the incidence of serologically verified influenza was 66% and 83% in the groups that received placebo and 43% and 51% in the groups that received amantadine, giving protection rates of 36% (P = 0.05) and 39% (P = 0.001). The evaluation of the effect of amantadine on the occurrence of illness was obscured by concomitant adenoviral infections that caused influenza-like symptoms. No clear difference in the occurrences of side effects was observed between the placebo and amantadine-treated groups; however, a significantly greater number of participants who took 200 mg of amantadine/day (16.9%) stopped medication during the trial as compared with the placebo groups (7.6%) (P < 0.02).

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for mumps and parainfluenza type 1 immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies.

A solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of mumps and parainfluenza type 1 antibodies (immunoglobulin G [IgG] and IgM classes) is described and compared with the conventional complement fixation (CF) test. A highly positive correlation was found between mumps IgG ELISA and the mumps CF test, whereas parainfluenza type 1 IgG ELISA had only a moderate positive correlation with the respective CF test. Mumps IgM antibodies could be demonstrated in all patients with serologically verified and clinically typical (parotitis, meningitis, or orchitis) mumps virus infection, but not in patients with rises in parainfluenza CF titers. Mumps IgM was already present in the acute-phase sera if they were not taken during the first 2 days after onset of disease. Mumps IgM was also found in some paired sera that were taken too late to demonstrate any significant increase in the antibody titers by CF. Therefore, mumps IgM ELISA provides an improvement over the conventional laboratory diagnosis of mumps infection, since the measurement of specific IgM antibodies in a single serum by ELISA is diagnostic, rather than the identification of a fourfold or greater rise in CF antibody titer. An unexpected finding was that parainfluenza type 1 IgM antibodies could not be demonstrated by ELISA in paired sera with rises in parainfluenza CF titers, suggesting a different antibody response from that occurring in mumps infection.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Glomerular electron-dense deposits and circulating immune complexes in patients with malignant tumours.

39 patients with malignant neoplasms were studied for the presence of paraneoplastic glomerular disease. The nephrotic syndrome was found in none of the patients. From 24 patients an adequate renal biopsy specimen was available for examination by electron microscopy. Glomerular electron-dense deposits were found in the biopsies of 11 patients, and in four of them the deposits were subepithelial. Circulating soluble immune complexes were detected in the sera of 14 patients. Deposits and circulating immune complexes occurred simultaneously with a highly significant correlation. Cell-mediated immunity was studied using skin tests to tuberculin and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Negative tests were seen mainly in patients with circulating immune complexes and/or glomerular deposits. Median survival time in patients with deposits or circulating complexes tended to be shorter than in those without.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Anti-HBe and subtypes of HBsAg among asymptomatic HBsAg carriers.

Finnish HBsAg positive blood donors were analyzed for the HBsAg subtype distribution and the presence of e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody to e (anti-HBe). 88% (159 of 180) of the donors had subtype and ad and 12% (21 of 180) had ay. HBeAg was found in 1% (2 of 180) and anti-HBe in 74% (133 of 180) of the donors. Anti-HBe was significantly (p less than 0.0001) more common among donors with subtype ad than with ay: 80 and 29% respectively. The mean age of donors with both subtype ad and anti-HBe was significantly (p less than 0.001) lower than that of the other donor categories.

Adult↗