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Biomedical subjects

K Patterson

Publications and source records attributed to K Patterson.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Establishment of inner ear epithelial cell culture: isolation, growth and characterization.

Select epithelial regions of the bovine inner ear were established and maintained in cell culture. Marginal cells from the stria vascularis and dark cells from the posterior wall of the utricle were isolated, dissociated and placed in culture medium. Within 24 h, cellular islands of hexagonal-shaped, epithelial-like cells from both the stria vascularis and posterior utricular wall were readily identifiable by inverted light microscopy. Ultrastructural examination of both the cultured stria marginal cells and utricular dark cells revealed that both cell types had numerous microvilli on their apical surfaces and interdigitating infoldings of their basolateral surfaces. Apical tight junctional complexes were present between apposing cells. These findings demonstrate that inner ear bovine epithelial cells can be successfully isolated and maintained in culture, and that such cells retain certain of their in vivo morphological characteristics.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Reading with one hemisphere.

The subjects of this study were 2 originally right-handed teen-aged girls who had undergone complete hemispherectomy (1 left, 1 right) for intractable epilepsy. Both subjects had developed normal language and reading capacities before the onset of their illness. The reading performance of H.P. (whose right hemisphere had been removed), while not as advanced in level as that of a normal 17-yr-old, showed no abnormality in any subcomponent of reading skill. The reading performance of N.I. (whose left hemisphere had been removed) was poor, but with a pattern of retained and impaired subskills strikingly similar to adult deep dyslexic patients and to split-brain patients given reading tasks lateralized to the left visual field (right hemisphere). The results are discussed with regard to implications for the reading capacity of the nondominant right hemisphere and also its putative contribution to normal reading.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Endothelin-1 stimulates phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and calcium uptake in isolated canine coronary arteries.

The effects of synthetic endothelin-1 (ET-1) (10(-10)-3 x 10(-7) M) on isometric force, 45Ca2+ uptake, and phosphatidylinositol (PI) hydrolysis were determined in isolated canine coronary artery rings. ET-1 caused contraction and stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake and PI hydrolysis (determined as inositol monophosphate accumulation) in a concentration-dependent manner with EC50 values of 6.3 x 10(-9), 2 x 10(-9), and 3 x 10(-9) M, respectively. Maximal responses were obtained with 3 x 10(-8) M ET-1 for all three parameters. At the maximally effective concentration, ET-1 caused a 1.8-fold increase in the rate of 45Ca2+ uptake following a 1-min exposure (the shortest time point tested) while the contractile response reached maximum only after 6 min. ET-1 (3 x 10(-8) M) stimulated a biphasic accumulation of inositol monophosphate with an initial rapid 1.4-fold increase detectable between 30 and 60 s followed by a secondary 11.9-fold increase at 30 min. These data show that PI hydrolysis and Ca2+ uptake are early events in the action of ET-1 on coronary artery vascular smooth muscle that precede the maximal contractile response. It is suggested that all of these responses are triggered by the interaction of ET-1 with a cell-surface receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

GM-CSF accelerates neutrophil recovery after autologous bone marrow transplantation for Hodgkin's disease.

Thirty-one patients with resistant Hodgkin's disease were treated by an identical high dose chemotherapy regimen and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Twelve of these patients received recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (rh GM-CSF) in a phase I/II study. rh GM-CSF was administered by continuous infusion into an indwelling central venous catheter for 3-21 days at doses of 100-400 micrograms/m2/day. The patients receiving rh GM-CSF did not differ significantly from those who did not receive growth factor with regard to age, previous therapy or number of bone marrow cells infused. rh GM-CSF resulted in more rapid neutrophil regeneration, the average time to achieve a neutrophil count of greater than or equal to 0.5 x 10(9)/l being 17.5 days compared to 24.9 days in the control group (p less than 0.01). Platelet recovery was very varied and not accelerated by rh GM-CSF. Patients receiving rh GM-CSF had a similar infection rate (58% vs 68% in the control group), similar number of febrile days (5.0 vs 4.7 days) and similar period of hospitalization to the control group (30.1 vs 30.2 days). Randomized controlled trials are now required to define the clinical value of rh GM-CSF in the setting of autologous bone marrow transplantation.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1986

Adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy in stage II carcinoma of the breast.

From July of 1974 to June of 1978, 131 patients with Stage II carcinoma of the breast were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms in order to assess the efficacy of adding immunotherapy to adjuvant chemotherapy. All patients had metastases in the axillary lymph nodes, but no clinical evidence of systemic disease. Prognostic factors were relatively equally distributed among the three treatment arms. All patients received adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of cytoxan, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF). In addition, patients received adjuvant immunotherapy consisting of Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) or BCG plus a tumor cell vaccine. This vaccine was a mixture of allogeneic breast cancer cell lines grown in tissue culture. Fourteen patients receiving tumor cell vaccine developed hepatitis B, leading to the abandonment of this arm of the study. Side effects of chemotherapy were tolerable. No statistically significant difference could be demonstrated in recurrence rate or survival. However, the two groups receiving adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy had a slightly shorter time to recurrence and lower overall survival. The use of chemo-immunotherapy as administered in this study did not improve the clinical course of patients with Stage II breast cancer and was associated with significant morbidity.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1986

Endovascular papillary angioendothelioma of childhood: a vascular lesion possibly characterized by "high" endothelial cell differentiation.

Two cases of endovascular papillary angioendothelioma (EPA) of the skin were studied immunohistochemically to assess the expression of endothelial, leukocytic, and epithelial determinants by these lesions. The tumor cells in both cases were labeled by antibodies to Factor VIII-related antigen, vimentin, and blood group isoantigens; they also bound Ulex europaeus I agglutinin. On the other hand, immunoreactivity for epithelial membrane antigen, Leu-M1, HLA-DR (Ia-like antigen), and leukocyte common antigen (LCA) was not observed. Stromal and intravascular lymphocytes were labeled intensely with antibodies to LCA and HLA-DR and were intimately associated with papillary configurations of proliferating intravascular tumor cells. These results confirm the endothelial nature of EPA and suggest that the cells of this lesion may differentiate toward "high" endothelial cells, which have been shown to interact functionally with circulating lymphocytes.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1985

Causes of death from asthma in children.

There were seven deaths from asthma at Children's Hospital National Medical Center from 1944 to 1984. There have been none since 1971 despite an increased frequency of admissions for the treatment of asthma. Review of records implicated undertreatment, infection, and sedation as factors that may have contributed to deaths.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Behavior modification consultation in a Mexican-American school: a case study.

Following consultation by two psychologists with an elementary school populated primarily by Mexican-American students, absenteeism was chosen as the first problem area to attempt to change. A between-groups experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of contigent rewards on the students' attendance. Analysis of the data showed no improvement in attendance. The results of the study were discussed in terms of (1) a more thorough behavior analysis of the absenteeism problem, (2) methodological restraints of a between-groups experimental design, (3) the need for consultants to be familiar with the community in which they work, and (4) relatedly, the success of the local school psychologist in implementing behavior modification programs.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1975

Differential hemispheric mediation of nonverbal visual stimuli.

Studies employing schematic faces of three features explored the role of the left hemisphere as an analytic processor in difficult discriminations and the role of the right hemisphere in easy gestalt matches. In a discrimination task, the successively presented members of a stimulus pair differed in all three features. When both stimuli went to the same visual field there was a Visual Field X Judgments interaction; judgments same were processed faster in the left visual field. When a test stimulus differing on all three features from a previously memorized target face was matched to the latter, both judgments same and different were made faster for stimuli in the left visual field. However, when the test stimulus and the memory items differed on only one feature the right field proved superior for both judgments same and different.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrastructure of ampullar dark cells in the absence of circulating adrenocorticosteroid hormones.

The morphology of rat ampullar dark cells was studied in the absence of circulating adrenal hormones at two time intervals of 8-14 and 22-28 days. Five morphological parameters of dark cells were quantitatively determined: cell area per baseline length, basolateral membrane surface density, basolateral membrane length per baseline length, volume density of intercellular space and volume density of vacuoles. Significant statistical reduction of basolateral membrane length per baseline length was observed after an absence of circulating adrenal hormones for 8-14 days and 22-28 days compared to sham operated animals that served as control. The basolateral membrane surface density decreased significantly in the animals sacrificed 22-28 days following adrenalectomy compared to sham operated animals. Cell area per baseline length decreased and volume density of vacuoles increased at both time intervals following adrenalectomy; however, these differences were statistically insignificant. The volume density of intercellular space between dark cells was practically constant among the groups. Results of this study are similar to those reported for ion-regulating nephron cells, and support the hypothesis that cells involved in microhomeostasis of vestibular endolymph may at least be partly regulated by adrenal hormones.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pediatric renal artery dysplasia: a morphologic study.

Renal arteries from 12 pediatric patients who had stenosis due to renal artery dysplasia (9 surgical resections and 3 autopsy cases) were examined by light microscopy. The patients ranged in age from 15 months to 14 years; the male/female ratio was one. Bilateral renal artery disease was clinically diagnosed in 8 of the 12 patients; 6 of the 8 also had aortic anomalies. All of the lesions were designated as forms of dysplasia, a departure from previous reports in which dysplasia was subclassified as fibroplasia and hyperplasia. The most common lesion was medial fibrous dysplasia (6), followed by perimedial elastic dysplasia (4); intimal fibrous dysplasia (1) and medial muscular dysplasia (1) were the least common. Medial fibrous dysplasia was present as often with bilateral as with unilateral renal artery stenosis, while perimedial elastic dysplasia was seen exclusively in patients with bilateral renal artery disease. Three patients who came to autopsy had extrarenal vascular involvement by a similar dysplastic lesion. The three patients who had neurofibromatosis showed no distinctive histologic type of renal artery dysplasia.

Adolescent↗