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Biomedical subjects

K Patel

Publications and source records attributed to K Patel.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Tubocurarine and the neonate.

Tubocurarine, given as a single bolus, may be used safely for neuromuscular blockade in the neonate. The recommended dose is 250 mug/kg at birth, increasing to 500 mug/kg at 28 days of age. This dose should be reduced in the event of prematurity, acidosis or hypothermia, or when certain antibiotics or inhalation anaesthetic agents are present in the tissues. A single dose as described has a duration of approximately 1 h and it is only after this time that satisfactory antagonism can be obtained. The potency of pancuronium when compared with tubocurarine in the study is 6:1, from birth to 28 days.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Induced changes in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of mammalian catalases.

The EPR spectra of bovine liver catalase, rat liver catalase and human erythrocyte catalase have been measured at 9.0 degrees K. In N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulphonic acid (HEPES) and Tris buffers at pH 7.0, the liver catalases show EPR spectra typical of rhombically distorted high spin ferric heme with major lines at g = 6.50, 5.35, 1.98. A number of extra lines are also seen; these are weak or absent in human erythrocyte catalase. The effect of the addition of formate, nitrite, acetate, fluoride, azide, hypophosphite and of inactivation with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole on the degree of rhombic distortion has been studied. There is a good correlation between the low temperature EPR and room temperature optical changes for the binding of formic acid in HEPES and Tris. There is no evidence from EPR spectra for the presence of heme-heme interactions in the binding of formic acid to human erythrocyte catalase. The properties of catalase are altered in phosphate and in distilled water. This is a consequence of the low temperature of measurement.

Amitrole↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study of protein synthesis in cells cultured from involved psoriatic skin.

Using histochemical techniques an abnormal programme of epidermal differentiation has been well documented in psoriasis. In order to characterise further the biochemistry of this process we have cultured dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes from involved psoriatic skin. This has facilitated metabolic radiolabelling of skin cells and analysis of protein synthesis by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The expression of keratin and differentiation markers was identical to that of normal keratinocytes, suggesting that psoriatic epidermal differentiation is not truncated in vitro as has been postulated to be the case in vivo. Low molecular mass components (5-8.5 kDa), previously shown to be upregulated in suprabasal keratinocytes, were detected in epidermal fractions from psoriatic skin enriched for basal cells. Of special interest was a component of 26 kDa, pI 5.9, which was highly upregulated in psoriatic as compared to normal cultured keratinocytes and was not detected in fibroblasts. These findings are in accord with a qualitatively abnormal pattern of differentiation for keratinocytes in the involved psoriatic epidermis.

Autoradiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in protein expression during melanoma differentiation determined by computer analysis of 2-D gels.

Cytodifferentiation in many melanocytic cells is regulated through the adenylate cyclase-cAMP pathway. To analyse the molecular changes associated with this process we have compared the proteins produced by two closely related cell lines which, though derived from a single cell line, respond very differently to modulation of this signalling pathway. The human melanoma cell line DX3 shows little change in in vitro characteristics following treatment with cAMP elevating agents; in contrast the more malignant DX3 LT5.1 variant, derived from the DX3 parental line, shows pronounced dendrification, decreased proliferation and a reduction in metastatic capacity after similar treatment. The two cell lines were treated with phosphodiesterase inhibitors for 5 days and then processed for two-dimensional gel characterization using an immobilized pH gradient for the IEF dimension. Proteins were detected by silver staining the gels and protein intensities were digitized using a laser densitometer. Two-dimensional gel patterns were edited, matched and a melanoma protein database of 637 spots constructed using PDQUEST software on an Orion 1/05 computer. Eleven proteins were lost and four new proteins were detected in both cell lines following treatment. Twenty-two proteins were present in DX3 LT5.1 after treatment but not in untreated lines or treated DX3. These differentially expressed proteins may be associated with the observed changes in differentiation patterns and metastasis. Our results illustrate the resolving power of this technique and suggest potential applications to the study of cellular differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Emergency department presentation of renal dialysis patients: indications for EMS transport directly to dialysis centers.

To determine the pattern of emergency department (ED) utilization by renal dialysis (RD) patients, a prospective study was conducted of dialysis patients presenting to the ED of a regional dialysis center. The most common presenting complaints were shortness of breath (SOB), chest pain, abdominal pain, and vomiting; the most common diagnoses were congestive heart failure, chest wall pain, and electrolyte abnormalities. Interventional dialysis (ID), defined as emergent dialysis required to treat the patient's presenting complaint, was required for 30 patients, with the most common presenting complaints of these patients being shortness of breath, weakness, and chest pain. Only SOB was statistically significant in predicting the need for ID (P less than 0.001), with a positive predictive value of 0.63 and a negative predictive value of 0.85. Prehospital implications of these data suggest that RD patients with a chief complaint of SOB should be transported directly to a facility capable of dialysis on an emergent basis.

Emergencies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral and systemic effects of prolonged minocycline therapy.

The following case report shows the unfortunate side effects of minocycline therapy used in the management of facial acne. All three features of discoloration affecting the skin, bone and dentition were found. A 46-year-old patient presented with adult onset discoloration of the dentition following prolonged minocycline therapy. In addition, oral and cutaneous pigmentation were noted. Unfortunately, the undesirable cosmetic appearance of facial acne was exchanged for permanent discoloration of the dentition. When considering prolonged minocycline therapy, patients would benefit from dialogue between the medical and dental practitioners, so that the risk of this potential side effect can be assessed in a more informed way.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Kaposi's sarcoma and T-cell lymphoma in an immunodeficient woman: a case report.

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has now been reported among more diverse groups of patients, and as each new category of patients is described, additional epidemiological and pathological insights are gained. Adult non-Haitian women with AIDS have so far generally been reported to have had male partners who have AIDS, are intravenous drug users or both. The present case is being reported because she was a non-Haitian, who did not use drugs and denied sexual contact with men. Pathologic and clinical findings in this case are consistent with AIDS and include: early generalized lymphadenopathy, pronounced lymphocytopenia, fever, hepatosplenomegaly, Kaposi's disease present, in lymph nodes, disseminated candidiasis, anergy to skin testing for delayed hypersensitivity reactions.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multi-institutional phase 2 study of TLK286 (TELCYTA, a glutathione S-transferase P1-1 activated glutathione analog prodrug) in patients with platinum and paclitaxel refractory or resistant ovarian cancer.

The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of TLK286 (TELCYTA(TM)), a glutathione analog prodrug, in patients with platinum and paclitaxel refractory or resistant ovarian carcinoma. Thirty-six patients with measurable disease were enrolled. TLK286 was administered at 1000 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks. The endpoints were objective response rate assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and survival. Adverse events were graded using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria. Thirty-four platinum refractory or resistant patients (94%) were evaluable for objective tumor response. Five patients (15%) had objective tumor responses, including one durable complete response (CR) of greater than 3 years and continuing. The disease stabilization rate was 50%, including one CR (3%), four partial responses (12%), and 12 durable disease stabilizations (35%). Responses were accompanied by improvement in clinical symptoms and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) and decline in CA125 levels. Median survival was 423 days with survival of 60% at 1 year and 40% at 18 months. TLK286 was well tolerated in this population. TLK286 is an active agent in chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer. Further studies of TLK286 in platinum and paclitaxel refractory or resistant ovarian cancer are in progress.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relation of PaCO2 to fresh gas flow in a circle system.

Recent reports have described methods of controlling the level of CO2 during anesthesia with a N2O-relaxant sequence and controlled ventilation. This paper describes a method of predicting and controlling the PaCO2, using body weight for determination of the fresh gas flow from the anesthetic machine, removing the absorbent from the canister while leaving the canister in the circuit, and controlling ventilation at 12 ml/kg and at 12/min.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hormonal therapy in the management of premenstrual syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by any of a number of physical and psychological symptoms consistently occurring in the late luteal phase. Progesterone therapy is often recommended based on anecdotal evidence, although controlled studies have shown it to be ineffective. Oral contraceptives are more often used with mixed results. When hormonal therapy for PMS is indicated, the most appropriate choice remains a challenge. METHODS: We describe a case report of successful hormonal therapy for PMS and a review of the literature on the effectiveness of hormonal therapies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Estrogen is clearly effective in relieving symptoms of PMS, whereas progesterone is ineffective and might even worsen symptoms. Combination oral contraceptives are effective, undoubtedly as a result of the estrogen component. While little comparative data exist to guide choice of an oral contraceptive, maximizing the relative estrogenic potency of the oral contraceptive seems logical. Depressive symptoms might not respond to hormonal treatment, and new research suggests that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors might be particularly effective.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How specific is the immune response to malaria in adults living in endemic areas?

It is documented that people living in malaria endemic areas acquire immunity against malaria after repeated infections. Studies involving passive transfer of IgG from immune adults to the nonimmune subjects have shown that circulating antibodies play an important role, and that immune adults possess protective antibodies, which susceptible malaria patients do not. Through a differential immunoscreen, we have identified several novel cDNA clones, which react exclusively and yet extensively with immune sera samples. Specific antisera raised against the immunoclones inhibit the growth of parasites in culture. The clones studied so far turn out to be novel conserved Plasmodium genes. In order to study the response of sera of adults from malaria endemic areas of India and Africa to these immunogens, we carried out ELISA assays using these immunopeptides, other P. falciparum specific antigens, peptides, antigens from other infections such as mycobacterial infections and other proteins such as BSA. Children from the same areas and normal healthy urban people showed very little activity to each of these categories. A large percentage of adults from endemic areas responded positively to all the malarial immunogens tested. However, the same persons also showed high response to other antigens and proteins as well. The implications of these results are reported in this paper.

Adolescent↗