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Biomedical subjects

K Patel

Publications and source records attributed to K Patel.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Calmodulin-binding profiles for nebulin and dystrophin in human skeletal muscle.

Nebulin and dystrophin are two high-molecular-mass skeletal muscle proteins that have both been associated with the defective gene in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, although the function of neither protein is known. Other high-molecular-mass, calmodulin-binding proteins have recently been implicated in regulating calcium release from skeletal muscle. Western blots of human skeletal muscle biopsy samples were probed with biotinylated calmodulin; nebulin was identified as a prominent high-molecular-mass calmodulin-binding protein but dystrophin did not bind detectable amounts of biotinylated calmodulin. Dystrophin was absent in a Duchenne muscle biopsy.

Calmodulin↗
PubMed1988

A comparative study of protein synthesis by keratinocytes and fibroblasts in vitro using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and dual isotope autoradiography.

A procedure is described for the detection of keratinocyte specific proteins. Fibroblasts and keratinocytes were isolated from human skin and radiolabelled in vitro. Samples were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to compare the proteins synthesised by the different types of cultured skin cells. Dual label autoradiography of samples radiolabelled with [35S]methionine and [75Se]selenomethionine was used to identify keratinocyte specific proteins. We report 45 keratinocyte-specific components and identify some of these proteins. The differential expression of these proteins and their relevance to epidermal differentiation are discussed.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1988

Dual-label autoradiographic analysis of human skin fibroblast and myoblast proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using immobilised pH gradients in the first dimension.

Horizontal two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with immobilised pH gradients in the first dimension has been applied to the analysis of human skin fibroblast and muscle myoblast total cell proteins. Excellent two-dimensional separations of skin fibroblast proteins were obtained using pH 4-10 immobilised pH gradient gels with a long interelectrode distance (16 cm), but resolution was degraded, particularly of the more acidic proteins, by the use of shorter (10 cm) gels. Improved resolution of acidic and basic proteins was obtained using separate pH 4-7 and pH 7-10 immobilised pH gradient gels respectively in the first dimension. Two-dimensional protein maps of skin fibroblast proteins were visualised both by silver staining and by autoradiography of samples labelled synthetically with [35S]methionine. Horizontal two-dimensional electrophoresis, using pH 4-7 and pH 7-10 immobilised pH gradient gels in the first dimension, was applied to the analysis of protein samples from skin fibroblasts and muscle myoblasts dual-labelled synthetically with [35S]methionine and [75Se]selenomethionine in an attempt to identify sets of proteins specific to each cell type. In addition, two-dimensional maps or protein samples derived from normal individuals and patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were compared to search for protein changes associated with the disease state. Although sets of qualitative protein spot differences were observed by visual inspection of the two-dimensional gels, more rigorous qualitative and quantitative analysis of the patterns using a computerised analysis system will be required to obtain the maximum amount of information from these data.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1988

Dystrophin and nebulin in the muscular dystrophies.

Skeletal muscle from patients with 5 different forms of muscular dystrophy and from 6 fetuses at high risk (95%) for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) were probed with specific antibodies for the presence of dystrophin and nebulin. Dystrophin was absent in all 5 patients with DMD and 4 of 6 fetuses at high risk for DMD and present in trace amounts in the remaining two. Dystrophin was also undetectable in one borderline DMD/Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) case and reduced in 2 of 4 cases of BMD. In contrast, dystrophin was present in all 16 biopsies from 4 other types of muscular dystrophy (congenital, limb girdle, Emery-Dreifuss and facioscapulohumeral). Nebulin profiles varied with the type, severity and duration of the dystrophic process. Nebulin was present in 5 of 6 DMD fetal samples but vastly reduced or absent in all samples of clinically manifest DMD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Computed tomography in the evaluation of adrenal glands in infants and children.

The most sensitive indicators of an abnormal adrenal gland have been a change in the margin of the gland from concave or straight to convex, and the presence of calcification. Large adrenal glands that have preserved normal shape and in postintravenous enhancement show homogeneous increased density indicate hyperplasia.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

CA 125 and survival in ovarian cancer: preliminary communication.

CA 125 is an epithelial membrane marker which can be detected in the serum of patients with ovarian cancer and which may reflect tumour burden. In a group of 42 patients, the level of this marker has also been shown to be significantly related to survival.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1988

Physicians and DRGs. Hospital management alternatives.

Rising health care costs in general and hospital costs in particular have placed significant financial strain on federal programs such as Medicare. It was with this in mind that the Reagan administration in 1983 initiated Medicare's new prospective payment system based on diagnostic-related groups (DRGs) to reduce the growth rate of Medicare expenditures. The introduction of DRGs has generated significant controversy in the health care community. The DRG system may necessitate consideration of four new management alternatives by hospital administrators: increased monitoring and regulation of physicians, profit-loss sharing arrangements between physicians and hospital management, development of collective protocols among physicians, and bedside budget balancing. This study examines the opinions of a random sample of 838 physicians from the West North-Central region regarding these management alternatives. The findings suggest that physicians have strong negative opinions about these management alternatives and believe that they will have a negative impact on the health care system. The development of collective protocols emerges as the most likely acceptable alternative among physicians, but even collective protocols as an alternative promise limited success.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1987

Fluorometer based multi-parameter analysis of phagocytic cell activation.

Simultaneous measurements of the calcium rise, membrane potential change, and 90 degrees light scatter (shape change) responses exhibited by neutrophils upon activation, can be obtained with identical result as that obtained when independently performing each measurement. The putative intracellular mediator diacylglycerol depolarizes membrane potential and causes a decrease in light scatter. Leukotriene B4 causes a rise in calcium and a decrease in light scatter. The chemotactic peptide, N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, causes a depolarization of membrane potential, a calcium rise, and a decrease in light scatter. The fura 2 measurements of intracellular free calcium indicate that the calcium concentration of unstimulated cells is much lower than previously thought based on quin 2 studies.

Calcium↗
PubMed1987

Rapid commercial test for direct detection of group A streptococci in throat swabs.

The Hybritech Strep A ICON was used for direct testing of 1016 throat specimens for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Both the test and culture were negative in 829 specimens (81.6%); both were positive in 164 cases (16.1%); the test was positive and culture negative in 9 cases (0.9%); and the test negative and culture positive in 14 cases (1.4%).

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Is nursing a profession? Results of a Missouri study.

This article examines the question of whether or not nursing is or should be a profession. The conclusion is based primarily on an analysis of what constitutes a profession and an empirical study of some nursing practices and attitudes. The analysis of professions recognizes three prominent models in sociology: trait, functional, and power or control. It bypasses these in favor of a "cluster concept," which asserts that the public has a number of expectations of an occupation before it will bestow the status of profession upon it. We then give an analysis of some of the results of the survey of a sample of Missouri registered nurses. The gist of the data is said to reflect the facts that these nurses think nursing is or should be a profession, but that other factors tend to show that nursing lacks the requisite cluster to substantiate the claim to be a profession. We conclude that nursing should perhaps not be a profession since it has been a bastion of the "ethics of compassion" in a world that is increasingly beset by an "ethics of competence."

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1986

Single-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis for cesarean section.

Single-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis after clamping of the umbilical cord decreased the rate of endomyometritis in high-risk patients by 50% when compared with placebo. This drug combination may affect the normal flora of the cervix the least so that superinfections should be rare.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

In vivo study of an antimicrobial surgical drape system.

We performed a double-blind clinical study to determine the efficacy of nonwoven laparotomy drapes in which 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride, an antimicrobial agent, was chemically bonded to the absorbent reinforcement surrounding the fenestration. The reinforcement portion of the surgical drape that contained the fenestration was segmented into four identical-appearing sections, two on each side of the fenestration. One segment on each side was antimicrobial. The locations of the treated segments were randomly varied. At the end of each operation, test strips were removed. Bacteria were harvested from each segment by mechanical agitation. Bacterial CFU were counted. There were 110 surgical cases in the study, including clean, clean contaminated, and contaminated procedures. Data analysis divided the cases into two distinct groups. Group 1 was composed of 59 cases in which less than 30 total CFU was recovered from the four test samples. The average duration of surgery for this group was 1.8 h. Group 2 was composed of 51 cases in which bacterial recovery was in excess of 30 CFU per procedure (range, 30 to 25,000 bacterial CFU). The average duration of surgery was 3.3 h. Bacterial reduction in the treated strips was 84%. The most common organisms identified on the laparotomy drapes were Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. hominis, and Micrococcus luteus. This study demonstrated that the reinforcement of a laparotomy drape is a reservoir for potential pathogens. It demonstrated that an organosilicon quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent covalently bonded to the reinforcement reduced the number of potential pathogens surrounding the surgical incision by 84%, independent of the size of the bacterial challenge.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1986

Clinical trial of captopril (Aceten) in Indian patients with essential hypertension.

ACE inhibitors are not available in India. Response to captopril in comparison with M-dopa was therefore seen in Indian hypertensive patients. A double blind randomized non-crossover study was carried out on 39 adult patients of either sex suffering from essential hypertension. Twenty-five patients included were resistant to earlier drug therapy. The remaining 14 were freshly detected hypertensive patients. Patients received either 150 mg/day captopril (Aceten) or 750 mg/day M-dopa in 3 equally divided doses every day for 30 days. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in captopril (Aceten) group before starting drug therapy was 171 +/- 4.11 (mean +/- SE) and 111 +/- 0.22, respectively. At the end of therapy the systolic blood pressure was 132 +/- 1.86 and diastolic blood pressure was 84 +/- 1.36 mm of mercury. This fall in the blood pressure within the group was statistically highly significant (p less than 0.001). Similarly patients on M-dopa produced statistically highly significant fall in blood pressure (p less than 0.001) at the end of 4 weeks therapy. Initial systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both groups were comparable and, at the end of 2 and 4 weeks therapy, patients on captopril (Aceten) showed greater fall in both systolic (p less than 0.001) and diastolic (p less than 0.005) blood pressure than patients on M-dopa. None of the patients in the trial demonstrated clinically significant changes in the biochemical parameters. Six of nineteen patients on methyl dopa had side effects which are well known to this drug. None in the captopril showed any side effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Comparative evaluation of captopril and methyldopa monotherapy for hypertension: double-blind study in Indians.

A double-blind, parallel-group study was conducted in 41 Indian men and women with hypertension to compare the antihypertensive effects of captopril and methyldopa. Twenty patients received 150 mg of captopril and 21 patients received 750 mg of methyldopa daily. The drugs were administered in three equally divided doses for four weeks. Blood pressure was measured after one, two, and four weeks of therapy. Relevant clinical and biochemical investigations were carried out before and after treatment. Sixteen patients given captopril and 11 given methyldopa responded to therapy. Among the captopril responders, initial mean systolic blood pressure (+/- SE) was 155 +/- 5.0 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure was 105 +/- 2.1 mmHg. These values were reduced to 119 +/- 9.8 and 80 +/- 6.1 mmHg, respectively, after four weeks of therapy. Similarly, among the methyldopa responders, initial mean systolic blood pressure was 180 +/- 7.4 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure was 112 +/- 3.8 mmHg. These values were reduced to 138 +/- 7.0 and 92 +/- 3.8 mmHg, respectively, after four weeks of therapy. The fall in the blood pressure in both groups was highly significant (P less than 0.001). None of the patients in either group had any clinically significant side effects. The results of this study suggest that monotherapy with captopril may be more effective than monotherapy with methyldopa in Indian hypertensives.

Captopril↗