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K P Zak

Publications and source records attributed to K P Zak.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[The immunity during the pre-clinical period of type I diabetes mellitus].

The purpose of the study was to investigate the condition of immunity (blood lymphocyte immune phenotype and ultrastructure) in healthy children with a family background of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM 1) having or not having diabetes-associated autoantibodies (DAAB). The subjects of the study were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 90 children with a family background of DM 1 (first line relatives had DM 1), DAAB- (GADA, IA-2A, and IAA) positive or negative; group 2 consisted of 51 children with newly revealed DM 1; group 3 included 45 healthy controls, normoglycemic DAAB-negative children with no family background of DM 1. GADA, IA-2A, and IAA titers were measured using radioimmunoassay. The immune phenotype of lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, CDr8, CD20+, and CD56+ cells) were studied using flow cytometry (FACS-analysis); their ultrastructure was studied by means of electron microscopy. The study found a significantly lower total number of T-lymphocytes (CD3+ cells), T-helpers/inductors (CD4+ cells), and natural killer cells (CD56+ cells and large granule-containing lymphocytes) in the DAAB-positive children vs. the DAAB-negative ones and especially the controls. In the DAAB-positive children, electron microscopy found distinct changes in the ultrastructure of CD4+ lymphocytes and large granule-containing lymphocytes (CD56+ cells), which evidences changes in the secretory and cytostatic function. Such changes in the number and ultrastructure of these lymphocyte subpopulations are found in patients with newly revealed DM 1. Thus, immune changes happen in the organism of a healthy person a long time before clinical manifestations of DM 1 develop; these changes reflect a concealed autoimmune process in Langerhans islets. Detection of DAAB plays a significant role not only in studying poorly understood pre-diabetes nature, but also in the development of new, scientifically based methods of its prevention and treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Content of different cytokines in the blood of healthy children and their siblings who are either.positive or negative for diabetes-associated autoantibodies (GADA, 1A-2A, IAA)].

Content of different cytokines (IF alpha, TNF alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) was examined in the blood serum in two groups of healthy children-siblings with type 1 diabetes mellitus with and without revealed insulin autoantibodies against pancreatic islets (GADA, IA-2A and IAA) by enzyme-like immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the group of patients with two and more revealed autoantibodies the higher indices in the number of IF alpha, TNF alpha and IL-6, and the decrease in the level of IL-4 comparing with the group of children with negative reaction to diabetes associated autoantibodies were more often observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Clinical and immunological studies of the therapeutical effect of cytokines combined with 5-fluorouracil in metastatic kidney cancer].

The authors present the results of a six-year clinicoimmunological study of a therapeutic effect of cytkins combined with 5-fluoruracyl in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. Two therapeutic regiments have been used: rhIFN-a + 5-FU and rhIL-2 + RHifn-A + 5-FU. In cytokin-sensitive patients, both therapy protocols vrs conventional therapeutic alternatives (cytostatics, hormones, irradiation) have been shown to increase the frequency of achievement of remission by objective scoring and life span of the patients. There was an improvement in patients on having received the complex with IL-2 but a higher therapeutic effect appeared to be accompanied by substantial side effects. Recommendatory measures well-targeted to those patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma who are to be placed on cytokinotherapy are presented together with immunological indices to monitor the treatments administered and prognosis.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2002

[Biological and therapeutic properties of erythropoietin].

In this review the authors present data on biological and medical properties and high therapeutic efficacy of recently produced recombinant drugs of alfa and beta erythropoietin in the treatment of erythropoietin-deficient anaemia in patients with malignancies, diabetes mellitus, and nephropathies of other genesis. The article contains materials of international congresses held in 2001 addressing the above issues besides the newest publications.

Anemia↗
PubMed2000

Leukemia-associated gene rearrangements in blood mononuclears of subjects in long terms after radiation exposure.

The results of electron microscopy and molecular genetic study of blood mononuclears of 220 clean-up workers after 7-10 years since Chernobyl accident are presented. An increase of lymphocytes with altered ultrastructure of nuclei and membrane has been observed. Structural polymorphism of leukemia associated bcr and rRNA genes has been analyzed using Southern blot hybridization. Allelic polymorphism of bcr gene with allele distribution characteristic of myeloid leukemia and rearrangements of rRNA genes have been revealed in 11,5% of clean-up workers under study.

Gene Rearrangement↗
PubMed1992

[The effect of insulin therapy on the level of natural killer cells of different immunological phenotypes (CD16+, CD56+ and CD57+) in the blood of patients with diabetes mellitus type I].

Flow cytometry with monoclonal antibody Leu-7 (CD57), Leu-11 (CD56) and Leu-19 (CD56) were used to study the content of different subpopulations of natural killer cells (NK-cells) in the blood of type I diabetes mellitus patients before and after insulin treatment and in healthy people. After a course of insulin therapy most patients showed restoration of the total cell number with antigens on their surface characteristic of NK-cells, especially CD56, that indicates the essential role of hypoinsulin in the depression of the NK-system. At the same time a small group of patients was distinguished who did not show such normalization. This may indicate participation of other mechanisms in the formation of natural immunity failure, in particular, the genetic.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1991

[Natural killer cells of different immunological phenotypes (CD16+, CD56+ and CD57+) in the blood of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].

The method of flow cytometry employing monoclonal antibodies a Leu 7 (CD57), a Leu 11 (CD16) and a NKH-1 (CD56) was used to examine to content of different subpopulations of natural killer cells in the blood of primary patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and in healthy subjects. Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus showed as compared with healthy persons a lower content of natural killer cells carrying all the examined markers, in particular, CD56. The degree of reduction of the number of natural killer cells of different subpopulations is individual for each patient that, possibly, reflects the diversity of causes leading to development of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Natural immunity in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus].

Combined use of immunological (marking of different lymphocyte populations with monoclonal antibodies, their quantitation and isolation as a concentrate by flow cytometry) and cytological (electron microscopy and ultrastructural lymphocyte and monocyte cytochemistry) methodologies revealed a lowered non-specific immunity, particularly in the natural killer cells system and monocytic line cells, in the majority of diabetes mellitus patients. The revealed changes explain the increased susceptibility to and aggravated course of viral, bacterial, fungal, and certain malignant diseases in IDDM patients. In addition to insulin therapy, stimulation of natural immunity with immunomodulators is recommended for these patients.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1986

[Count and ultrastructure of large granule-containing lymphocytes in the blood of lymphogranulomatosis patients].

The blood-level and ultrastructure of large granular lymphocytes (LGL)--a subpopulation with natural killer activity--were studied in 120 cases of Hodgkin's disease and 50 healthy controls. A marked increase in the relative and total number of LGLs was observed in patients with complication--free stage I--II tumor. Electron microscopy identified changes in the size and ultrastructure of osmiophilic granules as well as a relatively higher level of parallel tubular arrays in LGL cytoplasm. Unfavorable clinical course involved a decrease in blood-LGL level. The results pointed to significant changes occurring in natural immunity in Hodgkin's disease.

Female↗
PubMed1986

[Ultrastructure of large granule-containing lymphocytes possessing natural killer activity].

By means of light and electron microscopy, ultrastructural cytochemistry and immune cytochemistry methods, contents and ultrastructure of large granule-containing lymphocytes (LGL) have been studied in human blood--this is cell population possessing natural killer and, partly, antibody-depending cytotoxicity. The LGL concentrates are isolated from blood applying successive physical-chemical methods, differential centrifugation in the density gradient of pack-phycoll and percoll included. Separate LGL populations are marked by means of rosette-forming reaction with sheep erythrocytes and monoclonal antibodies OKT4 and OKT8. Relative and absolute amount of the LGL in 1 1 of blood is 5.4 +/- 0.5% and 0.319 +/- 0.28 X 10(9), respectively. The LGL ultrastructure is characterized with a low nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, with presence of osmiophilic (azurophilic) granules in cytoplasm and specific parallel-tubular structures, with a well developed Golgi complex, an essential number of mitochondria, vesicles with smooth wall and vacuoles, as well as multivesicular bodies and Gallo bodies. The LGL subpopulations, expressing various membrane antigens (E+, E-, OKT8+, OKT8-) differ in their ultrastructure, that is evidently stipulated by the degree of their differentiation and their function.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1985

[Ultrastructure of human blood T-lymphocytes marked with monoclonal antibodies].

The ultrastructure of different human blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations was studied by immunoelectron microscopy using "Orthoclone" monoclonal antibodies (OKT-3, OKT-4 and OKT-8) and peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) complex. It was shown that T-lymphocyte subpopulations, distinct in their surface markers and function, possessed some specific features of submicroscopic structure. OKT-4+ cells (helper/inductor) were characterized by small size, high nucleus/cytoplasm ratio and few cytoplasmic organelles. OKT-8+ cells (suppressor/killer) were larger, had low nucleus/cytoplasm ratio and bean-like nucleus, with their cytoplasm containing numerous mitochondria, well-developed Golgi complex and osmiophilic granules.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

[Ultrastructure of hematopoietic and stromal cells of the subendosteal region of the bone marrow].

Using electron microscopic cytochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy, the ultrastructure of bone marrow (BM) cells of the subendosteal region with a high colony-forming (CFUs) ability was studied. In comparison with the central part of BM, the subendosteal region of CBA and BALB/c mice contains a higher number of lymphocyte-like mononuclears, bearing an antigen, common with the brain surface one but negative for peroxidase and acid and alkaline phosphatase. The ultrastructure of these cells is similar to that of presumptive hematopoietic stem cells. In the subendosteal region mononuclears are concentrated with the lower nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, a feston-like line of the nucleus and more numerous organoids. These cells are characteristic of BM myeloid islands composed of granulocytes being on various stages of differentiation, and of reticular cells positive for alkaline phosphatase.

Animals↗