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Biomedical subjects

K Oyama

Publications and source records attributed to K Oyama.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Molecular and clinical study of 183 patients with conotruncal anomaly face syndrome.

To investigate molecular and clinical aspects of conotruncal anomaly face (CAF), we studied the correlation between deletion size and phenotype and the mode of inheritance in 183 conotruncal anomaly face syndrome (CAFS) patients. Hemizygosity for a region of 22ql1.2 was found in 180 (98%) of the patients with CAFS by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using the N25(D22S75) DiGeorge critical region (DGCR) probe. No hemizygosity was found in three (2%) of the patients with CAFS by FISH using nine DiGeorge critical region probes and a SD1OP1 probe (DGA II locus). None of these three patients had mental retardation and just one had nasal intonation, which was observed in almost all of the 180 CAFS patients who carried deletions (mental retardation, 92%; nasal voice, 88%). Nineteen of 143 families (13%) had familial CAFS and 16 affected parents (84%) were mothers. Although only two of the affected parents had cardiovascular anomalies, the deletion size in the 16 affected parents and their affected family members, who were studied by FISH analysis, was the same. It indicates that extragenic factors may play a role in the genesis of phenotypic variability, especially in patients with cardiovascular anomalies. No familial cases were found among CAFS patients with absent thymus/DiGeorge anomaly (DGA). Also, in all 18 CAFS patients with completely absent thymus/DGA and all 6 CAFS patients with schizophrenia, it was revealed that the deletion was longer distally. A study of the origin of the deletion using microsatellite analyses in 48 de novo patients showed that in 65% of CAFS patients it was maternal, while in 64% of DGA patients it was paternal. The findings of this study indicated that CAF was almost always associated with the deletion of 22ql1.2. As well as the major features of the syndrome, other notable extracardiac anomalies were found to be susceptibility to infection, schizophrenia, atrophy or dysmorphism of the brain, thrombocytopenia, short stature, facial palsy, anal atresia, and mild limb abnormalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Pseudotumor cerebri in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia during treatment with all-trans retinoic acid.

We report a rare case of pseudotumor cerebri associated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). An 18-year-old male was admitted to our hospital complaining of palpitations and shortness of breath; he was found to have APL. The administration of ATRA and chemotherapy was started. After 23 days, he complained of nausea, headache and double vision. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the head showed no intracranial abnormalities. Bilateral papilledema, a symptom of increased intracranial pressure, was noted. A diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri was made. Symptoms were improved by administration of glycerin and the discontinuation of ATRA. After 29 days, a complete remission was achieved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Effect of mitochondrial DNA variation on carcass traits of Japanese Black cattle.

Japanese Black fattening steers were used to examine relationships between carcass traits and mitochondria displacement loop (D-loop) variations. The D-loop region of Japanese Black cattle was sequenced and revealed 26 mitochondrial haplotypes defined by 25 polymorphic sites. The haplotypes were classified into five mitochondrial types (type 1 to 5) using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means. Carcass weight, longissimus muscle area (LMA), rib thickness, subcutaneous fat thickness, yield estimate, and beef marbling score (BMS) were compared among five mitochondrial types with BLUP procedures. Significant differences between mitochondria types were detected for LMA and BMS. Difference (P < . 05) was observed between mitochondrial types 2 and 4 for LMA. There was a highly significant difference (P < .01) in BMS between types 2 and 4. Difference (P < .05) was also found between types 1 and 4 on BMS. These results suggest that cytoplasmic genetic effects are important sources of variation for carcass traits in Japanese Black cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Clinical significance of serum P53 antibody in patients with gastric cancer.

The presence of serum p53 antibody has been reported to have prognostic significance in patients with breast and ovarian cancers. In order to clarify clinical and prognostic significance of p53 antibody in serum, we measured p53 antibody in patients with gastric cancer. Twenty-five patients with gastric cancer were examined as well as 9 patients with gastric polyp as controls. Eight of 25 patients (32%) with gastric cancer were positive for p53 antibody, while no patients with gastric polyp were positive in gastric polyp group (p < 0.05). The presence of p53 antibody was significantly associated with histology, liver metastasis and stage classification in gastric cancer (p < 0.05, respectively). Presence of liver metastasis, type of histology and presence of p53 antibody are independent prognostic factors (p < 0.05, respectively). The overall survival in patients with p53 antibody was significantly shorter survival than for those without antibody (p < 0.05%). These data suggest that p53 antibody serves as one of the prognostic factors in gastric cancer.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1998

[Pharmacokinetic analysis of low-dose intra-peritoneal cis-platinum administration].

Pharmacokinetic parameters after intra-peritoneal administration of low-dose cis-platinum (CDDP) were analysed in order to evaluate the possibility of applying low-dose 5-FU/CDDP therapy (1-FP) for outpatients. Four patients with advanced gastric cancer were the subjects of this study. CDDP at a dose of 20 mg/body was administered intra-peritoneally, and peripheral venous blood was collected at 30 min, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hr after drug administration. The plasma platinum (Pt) concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a two-compartment open model. C max, AUC, t1/2 alpha and t1/2 beta of total-Pt were 1. 27 +/- 0.21 micrograms/ml, 95.28 +/- 16.93 micrograms.hr/ml, 1.91 +/- 0.76 hr and 190.2 +/- 125.6 hr, respectively. Total-Pt concentration at 120 hr, after administration was 0.54 +/- 0.14 microgram/ml. This result suggests that intraperitoneal low-dose CDDP administration is a promising method for 1-FP therapy for outpatients, because the plasma total-Pt level is maintained at a sufficiently high level for a long period.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Clinical significance of serum soluble Fas ligand in patients with acute self-limited and fulminant hepatitis.

The Fas ligand (FasL), a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, induces apoptosis in Fas-expressing cells. A matrix metalloproteinase-like enzyme cleaves the membrane-bound FasL to produce the soluble FasL (sFasL). Since FasL has been reported to play a pivotal role in the development of hepatitis, we evaluated clinical significance of serum sFasL in acute liver injury including acute self-limited and fulminant hepatitis. Serum sFasL in 19 patients including 12 with acute self-limited hepatitis and 7 with fulminant hepatitis was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The clinical data consisted of 18 indices including age, sex, liver function tests, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), outcome and sFasL. Serum sFasL in fulminant hepatitis is 0.06+/-0.01 ng/ml, being identical to that in acute self-limited hepatitis, Serum sFasL is positively correlated with AST and ALT (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001). The factors associated with outcome of the patients were HGF, albumin, prothrombin time, platelet count, cholinesterase and leukocyte count in this order. Serum sFasL serves as an indicator of liver injury in acute self-limited and fulminant hepatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Mistaken diagnoses of Hodgkin's disease.

This article reviews the frequency of and general types of diagnostic errors in Hodgkin's disease (HD) over the past several decades, discusses the most common diagnostic errors in the four histologic subtypes of HD today, and describes some of the clinical and pathologic features that may aid in avoiding a mistaken diagnosis of HD.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1997

Effect of bed rest immobilization on metabolic turnover of bone and bone mineral density.

Immobilization induces abnormal bone metabolism and severe decalcification of bone. To investigate the effect of middle-term immobilization on bone metabolism, we studied 10 young healthy males and females during bed rest for 20 days. Bone mineral density (BMD) rapidly decreased in both lumbar and metacarpal bones. No bone showed consistent BMD alterations, partial increase and partial decrease, and both lumbar and metacarpal bone showed similar rapid BMD change. Urinary excretion of pyridinoline tended to slightly increase by day 10, and to decline by day 20 (mean +/-SE: 34.2 +/-7.4, 26.3+/-4.6 nmol day-1, respectively). Neither alkaline phosphatase (isoform III) nor tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, changed, suggesting that in the early stage of immobilization bone matrix in some part might increase or be resorbed without any activation of osteoblast or osteoclast, resulting in rapid calcification or decalcification, respectively.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1997

[Pharmacokinetic analysis of intra-peritoneal administration of cisplatin].

Pharmacokinetic parameters after intra-peritoneal administration of cis-platinum (CDDP) were evaluated and compared with those after intravenous administration. CDDP at a dose of 70 mg/m2 were administered intra-peritoneally in 5 patients with advanced gastric cancer (IP group). Pharmacokinetic parameters and toxicities were evaluated in these patients and compared with those in 4 esophageal cancer patients administered the same dose of CDDP intravenously (IV group). In IP group, Cmax of total- and free-Pt were 3.41 +/- 0.89 micrograms/ml and 1.10 +/- 0.30 micrograms/ml, and AUC of total- and free-Pt were 59.6 +/- 14.3 micrograms.hr/ml, 3.12 +/- 0.89 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively. On the other hand, Cmax and AUC of total- and free-Pt in IV group were 3.31 +/- 0.59 micrograms/ml. 1.13 +/- 0.21 micrograms/ml and 45.89 +/- 9.24 micrograms.hr/ml, 1.22 +/- 0.8 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively. AUC of free-Pt in IP group was significantly higher than in IV group. This result suggests that a more promising antitumor effect will be obtained systemically by intraperitoneal administration of CDDP. The incidence and grade of toxicities were similar in these two groups.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1996

Antitumor activity of 1 M tegafur-0.4 M 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine-1 M potassium oxonate (S-1) against human colon carcinoma orthotopically implanted into nude rats.

The purpose of this study was to establish a nude rat orthotopic (organ-specific) human colorectal cancer model as an in vivo secondary screen for general evaluation of new anticancer agents against colorectal cancer and to evaluate practically the antitumor activity of 1 M tegafur-0.4 M 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine-1 M potassium oxonate (S-1), a new p.o. fluoropyrimidine, in comparison to 1 M tegafur-4 M uracil [(UFT) effective on colorectal tumor in clinical]. After implantation of KM12C, a human colorectal cancer cell line, into the subserosal layer of the colon as a single-cell suspension, extensive local tumor growth and invasion to both the mucosal and the serosal sides were observed in all rats. Metastatic foci were also formed in both lymph nodes and lungs following local tumor growth in all of them. Using this method, an equitoxic dose of S-1 (15 mg/kg/day) and UFT (30 mg/kg/day) was administered p.o. for 14 consecutive days from 7 days after tumor cell implantation. S-1 showed a higher tumor growth inhibition than UFT did [S-1, 57% (significantly different from the tumor weight of the untreated group at P < 0.05) and UFT, 18% (P > 0.05)]. When both drugs were administered to nude rats bearing KM12C injected into the cecal wall for 28 consecutive days at equitoxic doses, the mean survival in the S-1 group was 16 days longer than that in the untreated group (P < 0.01) but that in the UFT group was only 8 days longer (P > 0.05). After the administration of an equitoxic dose of both drugs, S-1 gave the higher levels than UFT in various pharmacokinetic parameters as follows: area under the curve 0-24 h of 5-fluorouracil in plasma (3.5-fold), area under the curve 0-24 h of 5-fluorouracil incorporated into RNA in the tumor (1.3-fold), and thymidylate synthase inhibition rate (percentage) in the tumor (about 20%). Collectively, these findings suggested that this orthotopic human colorectal tumor model in nude rats is useful to evaluate the clinical therapeutic efficacy of drugs or therapies for colorectal cancer, and that S-1 had a higher therapeutic effect on human colorectal tumor than UFT did.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Intradiploic haemangioma associated with epidural haematoma.

A 72-year-old female with intradiploic haemangioma associated with epidural haematoma is reported. MRI finding of the lesion is described. The cause of the epidural haematoma is speculated due to fragile vessels attached directly to dura mater through the pores of the inner table of the diploë.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Nonobstructing accessory mitral valve tissue and ventricular septal defect.

A 4-month-old boy with ventricular septal defect was found to have accessory mitral valve tissue attached to the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. Operation was successfully performed to excise the accessory mitral tissue in the left ventricular outflow tract and close the ventricular septal defect. Most previously reported cases with accessory mitral valve tissue were associated with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. This boy had no pressure gradient across the left ventricular outflow tract. The indications for prophylactic excision of nonobstructing accessory mitral valve tissue in a patient with other forms of congenital cardiac disease are discussed.

Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular↗
PubMed1996

[Assessment of clinical utility of 111In-DTPA-IgG scintigraphy in the detection of inflammation/infection--a report of multicenter phase II clinical trials].

A Phase II clinical study was performed in patients with strongly suspected focal sites of inflammation/infection to investigate clinical utility of 111In-DTPA-IgG. Neither adverse effects nor abnormal laboratory changes were noted in the all cases. Out of 59 patients, the clinical utility was evaluated in 56 patients with a total of 67 suspicious sites (19 in thorax, 13 in abdomen and pelvis, 30 in musculoskeletal system, and 5 in other regions). True positive results were obtained in 100% of lesions in the thorax (13/13) and the musculoskeletal system (26/26). There were three false negative and five false positive results. Overall sensitivity and specificity was 94.0% and 70.6%, respectively. Most of the true positive scintigram with the best image quality was acquired at Day 1 or Day 2 post-injection. A dose of 80 MBq was considered to be a practical dose for imaging. Our study indicates that 111In-DTPA-IgG is a safe and promising imaging agent for the detection of inflammation/infection, and that it is reasonable to proceed with Phase III studies to further evaluate clinical utility of the agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on early bronchial revascularization].

We examined local effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on early bronchial revascularization following bronchial anastomosis. The left main bronchi of mongrel dogs (8-15 kg) were cut and sutured following peripheral radical hilar stripping. The anastomotic sites were wrapped with a pericardial fat tissue pedicle, including branches of the internal thoracic artery and vein (8 dogs group A). One ml of bFGF (Biomedical Tecnologies Inc.) dissolved in 1 ml of fibrin glue (final concentration of 20 ng/ml for a total dose of 100 ng, pH 7.15-7.5) was applied to the anastomotic sites in order to deliver the bFGF gradually and selectively (12 dogs group B). At various timepoints, changes in bronchial mucosal blood flow were measured using a laser Doppler flowmeter and left internal thoracic artery (LITA) blood flow, using an implanted electromagnetic flowmeter. On the 7th postoperative day, silicone rubber was injected into the left subclavian artery, and the revascularization pattern from branches of the LITA to the bronchus was examined histologically. Specimens were labeled as (-) when the neogenic vessels were only observed outside the bronchial wall, (1+) when observed inside the bronchial wall but not in the mucosa, and (2+) when clearly observed in the mucosa. Blood flow in the bronchial mucosa was measured as the left/right ratio. For group A, the averages immediately after operation, and on the 3rd and on the 7th postoperative days, were 0.35 +/- 0.10, 0.46 +/- 0.04, and 0.70 +/- 0.14 respectively; while, for group B, they were 0.27 +/- 0.09, 0.78 +/- 0.15, and 0.90 +/- 0.15, respectively (p < 0.01). Our results show that blood flow in the LITA increased more in group B than in group A (average 2.7 +/- 1.8 ml/min in group A, vs. 4.7 +/- 2.9 ml/min in group B). Furthermore, the pathologic findings of neovascularization were (-) in 3 cases and (1+) in 2 cases in group A, while group B showed (1+) neovascularization in 1 case and (2+) in 4 cases. These results clearly demonstrate increased revascularization in the bFGF treatment group B. We conclude that local application of bFGF is effective in stimulating early bronchial revascularization.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗