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Biomedical subjects

K Otsubo

Publications and source records attributed to K Otsubo.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effect of total adipose weight and systemic hypertension on left ventricular mass in children.

To investigate the effect of obesity and hypertension on left ventricular (LV) mass in children, we performed echocardiography and measured the height, weight, and blood pressure of 267 healthy children (145 boys and 122 girls) aged 12 years. The percentage of body fat was estimated using bioelectric impedance to derive the total adipose weight and lean body weight. End-diastolic measurements of LV parameters were obtained from M-mode echocardiograms. The LV mass was calculated by using the formula of Devereux et al. A strong positive correlation was demonstrated between non-normalized LV mass and height or other measures of body size. Systolic blood pressure was weakly correlated with non-normalized LV mass in boys. The impact of height on LV mass differed between boys and girls. Thus, different allometric formulas to normalize the LV mass for height were determined, using the height to the 3.1 and 1.9 powers for boys and girls, respectively. Regression analysis revealed that only total adipose weight affected the normalized LV mass, and that the effect of total adipose weight was greater in girls than in boys. The obese children had a significantly greater normalized LV mass than the nonobese children. The increase in the LV mass due to obesity appeared to be eccentric, because of the lack of an association between the indices of obesity and relative wall thickness. Our data indicate that appropriate normalization of LV mass is necessary for each study population, and that LV hypertrophy due to obesity begins in childhood.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

Rapid and sensitive detection of benzodiazepines and zopiclone in serum using high-performance thin-layer chromatography.

We developed a rapid and sensitive method of identifying benzodiazepines and zopiclone in human serum using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). These drugs were developed and separated on plates within 8-11 min and detected by means of UV radiation and colour. Each drug was accurately identified by means of the values of RF x 100 and the spot colour in three systems. The detection limit of the benzodiazepines in serum was 0.1-0.4 micrograms/ml, except for cloxazolam and haloxazolam. The sensitivity was increased about ten-fold over the conventional method. These results suggested that the HPTLC system is useful for the initial detection and identification of these drugs in emergencies.

Azabicyclo Compounds↗
PubMed1995

Enantioselective determination of thiamylal in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Thiamylal, a widely used anesthetic drug, has two enantiomers. We developed a novel and simple method for measuring thiamylal enantiomers in human serum using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. R(+)- and S(-)-Thiamylal were separated using a chiral mobile phase containing beta-cyclodextrin, and detected at the range of 50 ng/ml-25 micrograms/ml in serum. The relative standard deviations of R(+)- and S(-)-thiamylal were 3.4-8.7% and 2.8-8.7% for the intra-day assay, and 2.8-12.0% and 2.8-13.0% for the inter-day assay. This method may be applied to enantioselective pharmacokinetic studies of thiamylal.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1995

EVA-related activities in Japan.

Recognizing the importance and fertility of the extra vehicular activity technologies in future space development and utilization, some related research activities have been conducted in Japan, though it has not committed itself to developing its own manned space flight capability. The purpose of this paper is to introduce and evaluate these EVA-related activities and to indicate the next step for Japan to get into the era of manned space activities including EVA in reality.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1995

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of pro-gastrin-releasing peptide for small cell lung cancer patients in comparison with neuron-specific enolase measurement.

Our previous study demonstrated that pro-gastrin-releasing peptide(31-98), or ProGRP, is a specific tumor marker in patients with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Using a newly developed, highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for ProGRP, we analyzed 1,446 samples including those obtained from 478 lung cancer patients to evaluate the clinical usefulness of this ELISA. Several properties indicated that ProGRP is a useful tumor marker for SCLC. First, ProGRP was specifically elevated in SCLC patients. In non-SCLC patients and patients with non-tumorous lung diseases, its serum level was very rarely elevated. Secondly, ProGRP was a reliable marker, in terms of the marked elevation of serum ProGRP levels in SCLC patients. Thirdly, serum ProGRP levels were elevated in SCLC patients even at a relatively early stage of this disease. Fourthly, changes in the serum ProGRP level showed an excellent correlation with the therapeutic responses in SCLC patients. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is accepted as a tumor marker of SCLC patients. With the aim of comparing ProGRP and NSE as tumor markers for SCLC patients, we measured serum NSE levels in all samples collected in the present study. We found that ProGRP was superior to NSE in terms of sensitivity, specificity and reliability. Therefore, we consider that ProGRP can play a major role as a clinical tumor marker for SCLC patients.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1995

Quality evaluation of commercial lyophilized human growth hormone preparations.

The quality of three commercial injections (Genotropin, Humatrope and Norditropin) of lyophilized recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) was evaluated in tests by visual inspection, high-performance gel permeation chromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion X-ray microanalysis. The influence of the reconstitution method on gel formation was examined as follows: rapid injection of the diluting solution into a vial against the wall, slow injection onto the surface of the content, and rapid injection onto the surface of the content. The degree of gel formation differed among reconstitution methods. Moreover, fibrous particulate matter in addition to degradation products of r-hGH were evident in all preparations. The quality of r-hGH injection differed among commercial products. Norditropin included the least particulate matter when examined immediately after reconstitution, but it was easily denatured after storage in solution. We advise medical specialists to reconstitute a preparation by the optimal method.

Drug Compounding↗
PubMed1995

Synthesis of possible metabolites of 1-cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-5-methyl-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)- 4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (Grepafloxacin, OPC-17116).

Grepafloxacin (1-cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-5-methyl-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl )-4-oxo-3-quinoline-carboxylic acid, OPC-17116) (1) exhibits potent and broad-spectrum in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity. In order to identify the structures of the metabolites of grepafloxacin, 17 possible metabolites were prepared. Among them, 6 compounds were found to be actual metabolites (2a, b, 4a, b and 6a, b) of grepafloxacin in rats, dogs and/or humans. The antibacterial activities of these metabolites were found to be weaker than that of grepafloxacin.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Synthesis of 4-(phenylamino)quinoline-3-carboxamides as a novel class of gastric H+/K+-ATPase inhibitors.

In search for inhibitors of gastric H+/K+-ATPase, 4-(phenylamino)quinoline-3-carboxamides were synthesized and evaluated for antisecretory activity against histamine-induced gastric acid secretion in rats. These compounds were synthesized by condensation of aniline derivatives with N-substituted 4-chloroquinoline-3-carboxamides, which were obtained from treatment of 4(1H)-quinolinone-3-carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride. Most of the compounds inhibited histamine-induced gastric acid secretion in rats. Among them, N-allyl-4-(2-ethylphenylamino)quinoline-3-carboxamide (4h) was the most potent inhibitor and had the best profile as a candidate antiulcer agent. This compound showed reversible, K+-competitive gastric H+/K+-ATPase inhibitory activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Acute organophosphate poisoning after disulfoton ingestion.

A 75-year-old woman attempted suicide by ingesting a large quantity of granular Di-Syston which is an organophosphate insecticide containing 5% disulfoton (ethylthiometon). On admission, the total plasma phosphorodithioate sulfone concentration (disulfoton and its metabolites, phosphorodithioate sulfoxide and its sulfone) determined by gas chromatography was 1095 ng/mL. After gastric lavage, the concentration gradually decreased to 505 ng/mL. However, it began to increase again 20 h after admission and reached the peak concentration (1322 ng/mL) at 56 h. It was concluded that the secondary elevation of the plasma concentration was due to the prolonged absorption of the organophosphate from the residual granules in the stomach, despite the early gastric lavage. Pralidoxime iodide administration temporarily restored erythrocyte cholinesterase activity to almost normal and inhibited the excessive, delayed reduction of cholinesterase activity. It is recommended that poisoning with the granular form of disulfoton should be treated with repetitive or prolonged gastric and intestinal lavage, charcoal, and a continuous intravenous infusion of pralidoxime iodide in addition to atropine sulfate.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Zonisamide].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of the effects of glycerol, mannitol, and urea on ischemic hippocampal damage in gerbils.

The effects of glycerol and mannitol, as well as urea, on delayed neuronal death (DND) in the gerbil hippocampus were investigated. 20% solution of glycerol, mannitol and urea were prepared, and 6.5 ml/kg of each agent, or saline, was administered to male Mongolian gerbils intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia. The animals were subjected to transient forebrain ischemia for 5 min. Seven days after the ischemic insult, the brains were fixed and stained for histopathological analysis. The number of normal neurons (neuronal density, ND) in a 1 mm linear length of hippocampal CA1 region was counted. ND of sham-operated group (n = 6) was 275.3 +/- 16.7 (mean +/- SD). ND in the saline-treated group (n = 6) was 14.8 +/- 5.0. ND of groups treated with glycerol (n = 6), mannitol (n = 6) and urea (n = 4) was 68.2 +/- 56.7 (p < 0.01), 52.8 +/- 54.4 (p < 0.01) and 12.0 +/- 2.5 (NS), respectively. The present study demonstrates that glycerol and mannitol have some protective effects against DND in the gerbil hippocampus, whereas urea has no effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Protective effects of glycerol and mannitol on delayed neuronal death in the gerbil hippocampus].

Glycerol and mannitol are used clinically as hyperosmolar agents for the treatment of brain edema. In the present study the effects of pre-ischemic treatment with glycerol or mannitol on delayed neuronal death in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region were examined. In addition, the effects of post-ischemic treatment with glycerol were studied. Male Mongolian gerbils were subjected to transient forebrain ischemia by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 5 min. Skull and rectal temperatures were maintained at 36.5 +/- 0.5 degrees C from 30 min prior to occlusion through 60 min post-ischemia. In the pre-treatment study, glycerol (650 mg/kg or 1,300 mg/kg), mannitol (650 mg/kg or 1,300 mg/kg), or saline were administered intraperitoneally to the gerbils 30 min before ischemia. In the post-treatment study, 1,300 mg/kg glycerol was given immediately or 60 min after ischemia. Seven days after the ischemic episode, the brains were fixed and stained for histopathological analysis. Normal pyramidal cell counts per 1 mm length in CA1 (neuronal density, ND) were then assessed under a light microscope. ND in the sham-operated normal control group was 275.3 +/- 16.7 (mean +/- SD). In the pre-treatment study, ND in ischemic gerbils treated with saline was 14.8 +/- 5.0. ND in ischemic animals treated with glycerol (650 or 1,300 mg/kg) or mannitol (650 or 1,300 mg/kg) were 29.0 +/- 15.7, 68.2 +/- 56.7, 88.9 +/- 79.8 and 52.8 +/- 54.4 respectively. Both glycerol and mannitol, at either dose, significantly ameliorated ND. In the post-treatment study, ND in gerbils treated with saline or glycerol immediately after ischemia were 10.3 +/- 3.4 and 43.1 +/- 78.4, respectively, and 60 min after ischemia, 13.1 +/- 9.5 and 68.9 +/- 68.9, respectively. The ND in both post-treatment groups were not ameliorated significantly. These results indicate that pre-treatment with glycerol or mannitol has protective effects on delayed neuronal death in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region, while post-treatment with glycerol does not produce any significant protection of CA1 neurons from transient ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Cross-linking connectivity in bone collagen fibrils: the COOH-terminal locus of free aldehyde.

Quantitative analyses of the chemical state of the 16c residue of the alpha 1 chain of bone collagen were performed on samples from fetal (4-6-month embryo) and mature (2-3 year old) bovine animals. All of this residue could be accounted for in terms of three chemical states, in relative amounts which depended upon the age of the animal. Most of the residue was incorporated into either bifunctional or trifunctional cross-links. Some of it, however, was present as free aldehyde, and the content increased with maturation. This was established by isolating and characterizing the aldehyde-containing peptides generated by tryptic digestion of NaB3H4-reduced mature bone collagen. We have concluded that the connectivity of COOH-terminal cross-linking in bone collagen fibrils changes with maturation in the following way: at first, each 16c residue in each of the two alpha 1 chains of the collagen molecule is incorporated into a sheet-like pattern of intermolecular iminium cross-links, which stabilizes the young, nonmineralized fibril as a whole. In time, some of these labile cross-links maturate into pyridinoline while others dissociate back to their precursor form. The latter is likely due to changes in the molecular packing brought about by the mineralization of the collagen fibrils. The resultant reduction in cross-linking connectivity may provide a mechanism for enhancing certain mechanical characteristics of the skeleton of a mature animal.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1992

Interface problems between material recycling systems and plants.

A most important problem to creating a CELSS system to be used in space, for example, for a Lunar Base or Manned Mars mission, seems to be how to design and operate the various material recycling systems to be used on the missions. Recent studies of a Lunar Base habitat have identified examples of CELSS configurations to be used for the Plant Cultivation Module. Material recycling subsystems to be installed in the Plant Cultivation Modules are proposed to consist of various sub-systems, such as dehumidifiers, oxygen separation systems, catalytic wet oxidation systems, nitrogen adjusting systems, including tanks, and so on. The required performances of such various material recycling subsystems are determined based on precise metabolic data of derived from the various species of plants to be selected and investigated. The plant metabolic data, except that for wheat and potato, has not been fully collected at the present time. Therefore, much additional plant cultivation data is required to determine the performances of each material recycling subsystem introduced in Plant Cultivation Modules.

Carbon Dioxide↗