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Biomedical subjects

K Otani

Publications and source records attributed to K Otani.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Effects of antiepileptic drugs on hGH, TSH, and thyroid hormone concentrations during pregnancy.

The effects of antiepileptic drugs on thyrotropin (TSH), thyroid hormone, and growth hormone (GH) concentrations in sera of 16 pregnant women with epilepsy were studied. The drugs markedly depressed thyroxine (T4) concentration in maternal and umbilical cord sera, and partly depressed TSH in maternal and umbilical artery sera and GH in umbilical artery sera, but not triiodothyronine (T3) or reverse T3 (r-T3) concentration. The effect of antiepileptic drugs on T4 concentration in maternal serum was not influenced by pregnancy. Ratios of hormone levels in maternal serum compared with those in umbilical cord serum revealed a pattern similar to that seen in normal pregnant women. They suggest that transplacental passage of TSH, thyroid hormone, and GH are not markedly affected by antiepileptic drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Morphogenesis of the hereditary microphthalmia in a new strain of rat.

Morphogenesis of the eye was studied in a new strain of microphthalmic rat. Abnormalities were noted immediately after the formation of the optic cup. The inner layer in the central part of the optic cup was relatively thick and contained many mitotic figures, whereas that of the marginal part was thin and contained only a few. The transitional point in the inner layer between the central and the marginal parts was well marked. This is evidently due to the extreme growth inhibition of the inner layer at the marginal part. At the early developmental stage, an area of the inner layer corresponding to the transitional point protruded toward the lens because the central part of the inner layer continued to differentiate. The differentiation and the protrusion of the inner layer proceeded variably at the later stages depending on the degree of the growth inhibition. The eyes were classified into three groups: Group A-the retina was recognized as a cyst consisting of the pigment layer and the pigment-layerlike structure which originated from the inner layer; group B-the neural retina and its layered structure were inverted; group C-abnormalities, such as the destruction of the lens, were observed. Although previous authors who studied eye mutants suggested the vascular abnormality as the primary cause of the production of abnormal eyes, we feel that this is not the case in our animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Descending pathways of the nucleus of the optic tract in the rat.

The descending pathways of the nucleus of the optic tract (pars lateralis) (NOTL) in the rat were examined in Nauta-Gygax impregnated sections and further confirmed by the horseradish peroxidase labeling technique. Following stereotactic lesions in the NOTL, visual cortex, and superior colliculus, projections which orginate in the NOTL were identified by elimination of the tectofugal and tectopetal fibers of the superior colliculus. The descending fibers from the NOTL appeared to be organized into three bundles. (1) The NOTL-contralateral NOTL fibers, which connect bilateral NOTLs through a part of the posterior commissure. (2) The NOTL-nucleus tegmenti pontis and inferior olivary nucleus fibers, which project to the ventromedial part of the nucleus tegmenti pontis and the dorsal cap of the inferior olivary nucleus, ipsilaterally to the NOTL. (3) The NOTL-pontine nuclei fibers, which terminate within the medial one-third of the pars lateralis of the ipsilateral pontine nuclei with topical relations.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Spinal osteotomy to correct kyphosis in spinal tuberculosis.

Twenty-seven patients with severe tuberculous kyphosis have been treated at the National Murayama Hospital between 1966 and 1977. We have undertaken curettage of the foci and vertebral osteotomy through an anterior approach, followed by gradual correction with a halo pelvic distraction apparatus and subsequent vertebral fusion. Choice of this method depends upon the age of the patient, the degree of kyphosis before correction, and the presence of concomitant lesions. Details of postoperative management are given and their importance is emphasized. The major risks of correction are discussed and precautions suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Pharmacological effects of dobutamine and several catecholamines on various smooth muscles (author's transl)].

Pharmacological effects of dobutamine (DOB), a positive inotropic drug, on smooth muscles were compared with those of catecholamines such as norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), isoproterenol (ISO) and dopamine (DA). DOB acted as a partial agonist and simultaneously as an antagonist on alpha-adrenergic receptors in the thoracic artery. Large doses of DOB induced uterine contraction in rabbits, but antagonised the contraction of the vas deferens of guinea pigs, as was induced by electrical stimulation. However, DOB showed a potent activity, similar to that seen with NE or E as an alpha-adrenergic agonist, on the portal vein. Doses of DOB required to produce a relaxation in the trachea of guinea pigs both in vitro and in vivo were 1/250 and 1/600 of ISO, respectively, and were considerably less regarding inhibition of uterine motility in rats. Inhibiting activity of DOB on the transport rate of intestinal contents in mice and gastro-intestinal motility of rabbits was much less than the activity seen with ISO, E and NE. Spasmolytic activity of DOB was also less than that of ISO, NE and E, but was more than that of DA. It is concluded that DOB is a more selective beta 1-agonist than ISO because of its weaker activity on alpha- and beta 2-receptors. The alpha-agonist activity of DOB in the portal vein was however, potent.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The glabella-inion line as a baseline for CT scanning of the brain.

The optimal position of the head for CT scanning of the brain is discussed according to the statistical data of roentgencraniometry. The glabella-inion (GI) line was shown to be parallel to the frontal-occipital pole (FO) line which was substituted for a line joining the deepest gyral impressions in frontal and occipital parts of the cranial cavity. On the other hand, Reid's baseline and the canthomeatal (CM) line intersected the GI line at various angles from person to person. There was a significant difference between each average inclination angle of males and females. Regarding using either Reid's or the CM line for a baseline, it should be noted that the brains were scanned in almost random direction. Therefore it may be convenient to apply the GI line for comparing the findings between individuals, and for correlating them to the anatomical diagnosis.

Adult↗