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Biomedical subjects

K Ota

Publications and source records attributed to K Ota.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Investigation of anti-emetic effect of ondansetron tablet in multiple doses on nausea and emesis associated with cisplatin].

The anti-emetic effects, safety and usefulness of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, given orally once daily for 3-5 consecutive days, were investigated in patients receiving a high single dose (greater than or equal to 50 mg/m2 or 75 mg/body) or lower multiple doses (greater than or equal to 15-20 mg/m2/day for 3-5 consecutive days) of cisplatin. Ondansetron 4 mg was administered orally once daily for 3-5 consecutive days. Efficacy rates in controlling nausea and emesis over the 3-5 days were 77.3% (17/22 cases) and 66.7% (6/9 cases) in patients receiving a high single dose and lower multiple doses of cisplatin, respectively. Side effects were observed in 2 cases (headache and elevation of blood pressure in one case and only headache in the other case.). Abnormality in clinical laboratory findings was observed in 1 case. From the above, ondansetron, showing high efficacy by oral administration 4 mg once daily for 3-5 consecutive days, without any problem in safety, was considered to be a useful anti-emetic agent.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Examination of inhibitory effect, safety and usefulness of SN-307 (ondansetron) administered orally once daily for 3-5 consecutive days on nausea and emesis associated with non-platinum anti-cancer drugs].

We examined the anti-emetic effect, safety and usefulness of ondansetron hydrochloride, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, given orally once daily at the dosage of 4 mg, for 3 to 5 consecutive days to patients with nausea and emesis induced by non-platinum anti-cancer drugs such as cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and carboplatin. Out of 84 cases where anti-emetic effects were evaluated, numbers of cases assessed as excellent and good were 36 (83.3%) and 34 (40.5%), respectively, the efficacy rate being 83.3% (70/84). Side effects, such as moderate constipation (3 cases) and mild headache (3 cases), were observed in 8/85 cases (9.4%). Abnormalities in clinical laboratory findings including elevation of hepatic function and uricacid values and increase in eosinocyte counts, were observed in 3/85 cases (3.5%). As to overall safety, 78/85 cases (91.8%) were evaluated as having no problem in safety, and 7/85 cases (8.2%), as having minor problem in safety. As to clinical usefulness based on anti-emetic effect and overall safety, out of 79 cases the drug was assessed as very useful in 29 cases (36.7%) and useful in 35 cases (44.3%), the rate of "useful" or above being 81.0% (64/79). Furthermore, when ondansetron was administered in 3 courses of chemotherapy, though the number of patients was small, it was shown that anti-emetic effect of ondansetron did not decline and no problem in safety was observed. From the above, ondansetron which exerted adequate anti-emetic effect in 4 mg once daily doses was considered as a useful and safe anti-emetic in treatment of nausea and emesis associated with cancer chemotherapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of SN-307 (ondansetron), given intravenously for the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by anticancer drugs including cisplatin-open study].

The anti-emetic effect, safety and clinical usefulness of ondansetron for the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by anticancer drugs including cisplatin, was evaluated by a multi-institutional study in patients with various malignancies. In this study, ondansetron was given intravenously with mainly a single dose of 4 mg to intervene nausea and vomiting. 1. Efficacy ratio of overall effects on nausea and emesis observed for 24 hours after treatment was 69.8%. 2. No side effect was observed. Laboratory tests showed temporary elevation of serum uric acid level in 1 patient in the group given 4 mg. 3. From these results, it seems that ondansetron, given intravenously after initial vomiting, was highly safe and clinically useful anti-emetic for the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with anti-cancer drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Impaired amino acid metabolism and its management in chronic renal failure].

The protein and amino acids (AAs) metabolism are known to be impaired in the uremic patients. The etiology of those abnormalities is multifactorial, such as inadequate nutritional intake, protein-restricted diet, decreased urinary excretion of AAs, impaired activity of AAs-synthetic and/or-degrading enzymes, disturbed absorption, loss of AAs during dialysis, and abnormal transcellular movement due to hormonal abnormalities. As the nutritional supplement for the uremic patient, essential amino acid has been proposed. It was, however, reported to cause the hyperammonemia with or without encephalopathy in addition to fatty liver. Further investigation concerning the optimal composition of AAs solution for uremic patients is required to solve these problems.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of clinical features, cytopathological findings and prognosis of histiocyte proliferative disorders].

Clinicopathological analysis was performed in 19 patients diagnosed clinically with malignant histiocytosis. Ultimately, 9 patients died and 10 are still alive. All 19 had fever of unknown origin. Among the 10 surviving patients, 6 recovered with only supportive therapy such as antibiotic treatment. One recovered with steroid therapy and 2 with VP (vincristine and prednisolone) therapy. Complications due to immunodeficiency were detected in one surviving patient and 2 who died. All 9 patients who died had anemia, and 8 had thrombocytopenia. However, among survivors, only one had anemia and only 2 had thrombocytopenia. Chromosomal abnormality was detected in one patient who died. Histiocytic cells were classified morphologically into 3 types: immature, intermediate and mature. In 4 patients who died, histiocytic cells were immature, but in 4 others mature histiocytic cells were detected. In 5 of the 10 surviving patients, histiocytic cells were of the immature type. Immuno-histochemical analysis of the origin of histiocytic cells in 8 deceased patients showed T-zone histiocytes in one, T cells in one, monocyte phagocytic system (MPS) in 5, and histiocytes of unknown origin in one. Thus, malignant histiocytosis is a heterogenous entity including reactive histiocytic disorder, lymphocytic neoplasm and true histiocytic neoplasm. In histiocyte proliferative disorders, red blood cell counts and platelet counts are useful for assessing prognosis, while cytological findings only confuse this evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Anti-emetic effect and safety of single dose of ondansetron injection in double-blind comparison study with placebo].

In order to make an objective evaluation of anti-emetic effect, safety and usefulness of ondansetron injection in nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, we carried out a double-blind placebo controlled comparative study in patients receiving high-single dose (50 mg/m2 or more) of cisplatin. Either 4 mg of ondansetron or saline injection was given intravenously at 15 min. before administration of cisplatin. If anti-emetic effect of the test drug was insufficient, an additional dose of 4mg of ondansetron was given intravenously, as the rescue medication. Ondansetron was significantly superior to placebo in anti-emetic effect (p < 0.001). Efficacy rates were 66.7% (22/33 cases) in ondansetron and 20.0% (6/30 cases) in placebo groups. Seven and 21 cases required rescue medication with 4 mg single intravenous dose of ondansetron due to insufficiency of anti-emetic effect, in ondansetron group and placebo group, respectively. Thus the number of patients who required rescue medication was obviously greater in placebo group than that in ondansetron group. The rates of inhibitory effect of rescue medication on nausea and emesis were 14.3% (1/7 cases) in ondansetron group and 61.9% (13/21 cases) in placebo group. Side effects were observed in 1 case (eruption) in ondansetron group and in 2 cases (headache, diarrhoea; 1 case each) in placebo group. Furthermore, fever developed in 1 case in placebo group after the rescue medication. Elevation of total bilirubin value was observed in 2 cases in ondansetron group and 1 case in placebo group, however, these changes were mild and did not pose noteworthy clinical problem. From these results, ondansetron was shown to possess an excellent anti-emetic effect on nausea and emesis induced by highly emetogenic anti-cancer drugs, such as cisplatin, and to have no problem in safety, and thus it was considered to be a useful anti-emetic agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Anti-emetic effect and safety of ondansetron tablet in double-blind comparison with placebo].

Ondansetron, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, has already been reported to have a marked effect to alleviate or prevent nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, after its intravenous administration. The present study was planned to examine the usefulness of its tablet form, which was prepared for the convenient use in outpatients receiving chemotherapy. In order to make an objective evaluation of anti-emetic effect and safety of ondansetron 4 mg tablet, this study was conducted in double-blind comparison versus placebo in patients receiving cisplatin at a single dose of 50mg/m2 or higher. Either 4 mg of ondansetron or placebo (lactose tablet) was administered orally once at 2 hrs prior to administration of cisplatin. If any satisfactory anti-emetic effects were not obtained, 4 mg of ondansetron injection was given once intravenously as a rescue medication. The inhibitory effect on nausea and vomiting was assessed in 4 grades as "excellent", "good", "fair" and "poor" based on severity of nausea and number of vomiting that occurred during the first 24hrs after administration of cisplatin. When rescue medication was conducted, the case was assessed as "poor". Ondansetron was significantly superior to placebo in inhibition of nausea and vomiting, in which efficacy rates (excellent+good) of ondansetron and placebo groups were 58.1% (25/43 cases) and 16.7% (7/42 cases), respectively. Number of cases requiring rescue medication with ondansetron injection was obviously greater in placebo group (31 cases) than that in ondansetron group (12 cases). In those patients given ondansetron injection as the rescue medication, satisfactory effects were obtained in 5 cases in ondansetron group and in 18 cases in placebo group. Although side effects including chest itching (ondansetron group), headache and dull headache (placebo group) were observed after the rescue medication with ondansetron injection, these symptoms were not severe and disappeared after 1-2 days. As mentioned above, ondansetron tablet was shown to possess excellent anti-emetic effect on nausea and emesis induced by high dose of cisplatin and to have no problem in safety. Hence ondansetron was proven to be clinically very useful anti-emetic.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of SN-307 (ondansetron), given intravenously in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by anticancer drugs including cisplatin--a placebo-controlled, double-blind comparative study].

Clinical usefulness of ondansetron as an antiemetic for the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by anticancer drugs including cisplatin (> or = 50 mg/m2) was evaluated by a multi-institutional, double-blind comparative study with placebo with inpatients with various malignancies. In this study, efficacy, safety and usefulness of single dose of ondansetron (4 mg) or placebo (physiological saline), given intravenously for initial nausea and vomiting were observed for 24 hours after treatment. Clinically, very effective or effective response was seen in 64% (16/25) of the group O (ondansetron) and 5.9% (1/17) of the group P (placebo). No clinically significant adverse effects or abnormal laboratory test values were reported in the group of O. Diarrhea (1 case) and the elevation of laboratory test values (GOT.GPT, T-bilirubin, LDH, in 3 cases) were reported in the group of P. General safety assessment was considered "safe" in 100% of both group O and group P, and there was no statistical difference between two groups. Usefulness was considered as "useful" in 64% (16/25) of group O and 6.3% (1/16) of group P, and O was significantly better than group P (p < 0.001) level. In conclusion, ondansetron provides a safe and effective antiemetic measure when employed therapeutically against nausea and vomiting induced by regimens including cisplatin.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Pontine infarction presenting non-paralytic pontine exotropia--evaluation of its clinical course and its MRI findings].

We report two patients with brainstem infarction who presented non-paralytic pontine exotropia (NPPE) in acute phase. Case 1 was a 76-year-old woman. NPPE observed 3 hours after the onset disappeared two days later. Case 2 was a 60-year-old man. Paralytic pontine exotropia was observed 4 hours after the onset of his stroke. NPPE was noted on the next day and left medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) syndrome was still present on the third day. Seven days later, the disturbances of ocular movement was disappeared. T2-weighted cranial MRI showed high signal intensity lesions in the paramedian portion of the mid-pontine tegmentum beneath the fourth ventricle in both cases. Although it has been thought that NPPE is a rare clinical symptom, we think that NPPE is by no means a rare symptom in the acute stage of brainstem infarction.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Therapeutic effects of a combination treatment with flomoxef and tobramycin against infections complicated with hematological disorders].

The efficacy and safety of a combination regimen using flomoxef (FMOX) and tobramycin (TOB) were evaluated in the treatment of infections complicated with hematological disorders. The primary diseases in 40 patients included acute leukemia, malignant lymphoma and others. Complicated infections included 35 cases with suspected septicemia, 4 cases with septicemia and 1 case with pleuritis. Clinical responses were excellent in 10 (25.0%), good in 14 (35.0%), fair in 2 (5.0%) and poor in 14 (35.0%). The efficacy rate was 73.1% in patients with neutrophil counts higher than 501/microliters after administration, but it was 35.7% in patients with counts less than 501/microliters; the difference was statistically significant. No side effects were observed in any of the 40 patients. Abnormal laboratory data in liver functions were identified in 1 patient (2.5%). Degree of this abnormality was very slight, and the continuation of treatment was not disturbed. In conclusion, this combination therapy of FMOX and TOB thus appears to be useful and safe in therapies for infections complicated with hematological disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of physical fitness and exercise performance in patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema].

Physical fitness was studied in patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema using Kraus-Weber methods in addition to pulmonary function and exercise tolerance. In Kraus-Weber tests, explosive strength of abdominal muscles in these patients were within the normal range, but both abdominal and back muscle endurance were significantly diminished compared to age-matched controls. On the other hand, flexibility was not different between the patients and the controls, although large variation was present. Exercise performance as assessed by 6 minutes' walk distance in patients was significantly correlated with FEV1.0, DLco and maximal inspiratory mouth pressure, as well as explosive strength of abdominal muscles and abdominal and back muscle endurance capacity. Treadmill walking training for 20 minutes with a load greater than 80% VO2max, twice a week for 2 months was performed in 11 patients with mild to moderate pulmonary emphysema. Six minutes' walk distance (6MD) was significantly prolonged with improvement of back muscle endurance and flexibility. Another walking training consisting of five repetitions of two minutes' near maximal walking and a two minute interval of rest was performed in 6 patients with severe pulmonary emphysema. 6MD tended to increase with improvement of both back and abdominal muscle endurance. However, pulmonary function tests and VO2max showed no significant changes after both types of training. Improved walked distance after the training was significantly correlated with improved VO2 at AT. Furthermore VO2, VE, HR and lactate production during exercise at the same load were significantly decreased compared to pre-training. Dyspnea sensation measured by modified Borg scale during exercise was improved after the training. It is concluded that a physical training program adapted to the condition of the individual patients could improve exercise performance, and should be prescribed in addition to medication.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Combined pancreas and kidney transplantation for IDDM patients with diabetic renal failure].

We performed 7 cases of pancreas transplantation (PTX), simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation in 4 cases, and PTX after kidney transplantation in 3 cases. The pancreas and kidney were extirpated after in situ perfusion using UW solution and stored in UW solution. The pancreas was transplanted in the left iliac fossa with bladder drainage, and the kidney was placed in the contralateral iliac fossa. The immunosuppressive regimen consisted of cyclosporine, methylprednisolone, azathioprine and antilymphocyte globulin. Gabexate mesilate (30-40 mg/kg/day) and PGE1 (5 ng/kg/min) was administered intravenously to prevent the vascular thrombosis. The original diseases of 7 patients were insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) with chronic renal failure, retinopathy and neuropathy. Six out of 7 patients became insulin-free after PTX, while one patient developed the vascular thrombosis in the pancreatic graft which was removed after 12 hours after the transplantation. All patients became dialysis-free and serum creatinine was ranging from 1.5 to 2.0 mg/dl. HbAlc remained within normal range in 6 out of 7 patients, who showed normal to borderline glucose tolerance in 75g oral glucose tolerance test. Although further investigation will be required, PTX from cardiac-arrest donor will be promising as one of the therapeutic modalities for IDDM patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Calcium, magnesium and aluminum concentrations in Parkinson's disease.

Concentrations of calcium (Ca) and aluminum (Al) were measured by neutron activation analysis and that of magnesium (Mg) by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry in 26 regions of Parkinson's disease (PD) and control brains. Ca concentration was unchanged in all anatomic subregions of PD brains compared with control brains. Mg concentration was lower in cortex, white matter, basal ganglia and brain stem of PD brains compared to control brains (p < 0.01). Al concentration in the substantia nigra, caudate nucleus and globus pallidus was higher in PD brains compared to controls (p < 0.05) and significantly higher in gray matter and the basal ganglia (p < 0.01). These studies are consistent with other observations linking high concentrations of Al and low levels of Mg in the pathogenesis of CNS degeneration and PD.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Ototoxicity of cis-diammine glycolato platinum, 254-S].

Ototoxicity of cis-diammine glycolato platinum, 254-S, was evaluated from the results obtained in phase II studies for head & neck cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, urogenital cancer and gynecological cancer at 114 institutions, and in randomized comparative study of 254-S plus vindesine vs. cisplatin plus vindesine for advanced non-small cell lung cancer conducted at 41 institutions. In these studies, 254-S was administered at doses ranging from 80 to 100 mg/m2, repeated at least 2 times at 4-week intervals. Impaired hearing was examined in a hearing audiometry test before and after 254-S administration. The incidence of impaired hearing was 25.8% (16/62) in the 254-S phase II studies. The incidences in the randomized comparative study were 17.6% (3/17) for the 254-S/vindesine group and 20.0% (3/15) for the cisplatin/vindesine group. From these results, the ototoxicity of 254-S was thought to be similar to that of cisplatin in incidence and type.

Aged↗