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Biomedical subjects

K Ota

Publications and source records attributed to K Ota.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[A case of acute pandysautonomia and diffuse brain stem impairment associated with EB virus infection].

A 37-year-old woman with complaints of headache and nausea presented with temporary disturbance of consciousness, bulbar palsy and ataxic speech following flu-like symptoms. After the recovery of her consciousness, she developed orthostatic syncope and numbness all over the body. When she was admitted to our hospital two months later, she showed emaciation, diminished sweat production and butterfly-patch-like pigmentation. Neurologic examinations were remarkable for anisocoric pupils that sluggishly reacted to light, impaired left facial movements, bulbar palsy, numbness of the whole body, total loss of all tendon reflexes, incordination, ataxic gait and severe postural hypotension. Laboratory data included albuminocytogenic dissociation in cerebrospinal fluid, convergence nystagmus and dysmetria in electronystagmography, and right trigeminal paralysis in blink reflex. A sural nerve biopsy showed active axonal degeneration and severe loss of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. Examinations of autonomic nervous system disclosed diffuse impairment of sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic nerve. Based on these findings she was diagnosed as having acute pandysautonomia. High titer of serum EB virus antibody suggested that acute pandysautonomia and diffuse brainstem impairment may be related to EB virus infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical study of ambulatory cancer chemotherapy for recurrent breast cancer].

To evaluate ambulatory cancer chemotherapy, the clinical response, toxicities and survival time were analysed among 12 outpatients with recurrent breast cancer who were treated by sequential methotrexate (MTX)/5-FU therapy for the past 2 years. In this study, MTX (70 mg/m2, i.v.) and 5-FU (370 mg/m2, d.i.v.) were given on days 1 and 15 every 4 weeks, the 5-FU being given one hour after the MTX. Partial response (PR) was observed in 3 patients (25%), no change (NC) in 9. One-year survival ratio was 59%, and 7 out of 12 patients survived at the end of this study. The median disease free interval was 7.3 months, and 3 cases survived for more than one year without disease. Although nausea/vomiting, stomatitis, leukopenia and alopecia were noted, no severe side effects were observed. These results suggested that sequential MTX/5-FU therapy might be a useful ambulatory cancer chemotherapy for patients with recurrent breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Induction and prevention of kidney injury induced by GSH depletion and vitamin E deficiency in rats].

Four-week-old Wistar male rats were fed a vitamin E (VE)-deficient diet for 8 weeks, followed by intraperitoneal injection of DL-buthionine- [S, R] -sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, at the dose of 1 mmol/kg body weight. As we reported previously, GSH depletion by administration of BSO induced acute tubular necrosis in the kidney of VE-deficient rats and was accompanied by decrease of renal TBA value and marked increase of renal lipofuscin content. In this study, we examined the effect of administration of AsA or Trolox C on these kidney injuries. AsA or Trolox C treatment increased renal GSH content and inhibited the increase of renal lipofuscin production. The increase of BUN and creatinine levels and LDH activity in the sera of rats administered BSO were inhibited by AsA or Trolox C treatment. AsA treatment completely protected the necrosis of epithelia of proximal renal tubules. These results suggest that GSH has an important role in preventing lipofuscin production through the reaction of lipid peroxides with amino acids. AsA spares GSH indicating that these compounds have similar antioxidant actions and that AsA can serve as an essential antioxidant in the presence of severe GSH deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Changes in calcium regulating hormone in osteoporosis].

We summarized the changes of humoral factors, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin in blood concentration, which are cooperatively regulating calcium homeostasis in aging and osteoporosis. Although these factors may play a important role on pathogenesis of osteoporosis in aged and postmenopausal osteoporotic patients, the influence of these factors on the mechanism of age-related or postmenopausal bone loss is unclear. There is no characteristic change of these factors in blood because of heterogeneity of osteoporosis and it is controversial. Further studies are required to evaluate the state of osteoporosis.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

[The clinical application of quantitative computed tomography to osteoporosis and it's related disorders].

Bone mineral in spinal vertebral bone, using the methods of single and dual energy tomographies (SEQCT and DEQCT) were applied to the studies of osteoporosis. The measurement of bone mineral in spinal bone with DEQCT was useful for elimination of fat mass effect in bone marrow, but has poorer reprocibility and higher dose-expose of radioactivity, compared with these of bone mineral by the SEQCT method. Bone mineral in the third lumbar spine of osteoporosis patients without bone fracture was employed in the SEQCT method, indicated that bone loss was age dependent in both sex and bone mineral showed O level which might be influenced by the fat mass in the marrow. The fat mass in the marrow was age-dependent. Bone mineral, in addition to fat mass effect was evaluated to give a diagnosis of osteoporosis. Physical activity was responsible for an increase of bone mineral. The more disable physical activity life was, the more diminished bone mineral was. The role of bone mineral was rationally distributed, and unbalanced bone mineral disposition permitted to induction into the degenerative central nervous system. The measurement of bone mineral in the spinal bone by the SEQCT method made possible a diagnosis and prevention of osteoporosis and observation of the therapeutic effect and clinical course was possible in osteoporosis patients.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1994

[A case of scleroderma renal crisis with acute interstitial pneumonia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and refractory thrombocytopenia].

A 46-year-old woman who noticed tightness of the skin in September, 1993, was admitted to a local hospital due to hypertension, congestive heart failure and renal dysfunction on the 2nd of November. After admission, renal function deteriorated progressively. A diagnosis of scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) was suspected from her skin biopsy and clinical course. She was referred to our hospital for further evaluation and maintenance of hemodialysis. Her blood pressure was kept normal by anti-hypertensive drugs including cilazapril. Acute interstitial pneumonia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia appeared during her clinical course. Corticosteroid therapy was effective for acute interstitial pneumonia, but in-effective for thrombocytopenia. Plasma exchange was not effective for thrombocytopenia, which was successfully treated with intravenous gamma-globulin therapy. She died of cytomegaloviral encephalitis, which might have resulted from immunodeficiency caused by prolonged corticosteroid therapy and uremia. Complications other than SRC might have appeared during the clinical course based on the immune disorder of progressive systemic sclerosis itself. In order to improve the prognosis of patients with SRC such complications should be detected promptly and treated correctly.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Dosing interval for prolongation of tetracaine spinal anesthesia by oral clonidine in humans.

This study was designed to evaluate the optimal administration time of oral clonidine as premedication for the prolongation of tetracaine spinal anesthesia in humans. Forty male patients scheduled for urologic surgery were studied. Patients were allocated randomly into four groups given 15 mg of 0.5% isobaric tetracaine. Group 1 was given 250 micrograms triazolam orally 1 h before anesthesia. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were administered 150 micrograms oral clonidine just before anesthesia or 1 h and 3 h before anesthesia respectively. Sensory block was assessed by pinprick. Groups 2 and 3 had a significantly prolonged time of sensory block (74%-94%, P < 0.01) when compared with Group 1. However, the prolonging effect of oral clonidine was not apparent in Group 4. We conclude that, when administered within 1 h before anesthesia, oral clonidine, at a dose of 150 micrograms, produced a significant prolongation of tetracaine spinal anesthesia without adverse effects.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Dose-related prolongation of tetracaine spinal anesthesia by oral clonidine in humans.

The prolonging effects of oral clonidine on sensory block during tetracaine spinal anesthesia were studied in 47 healthy patients scheduled for urologic or gynecologic surgery. All patients received 15 mg tetracaine intrathecally in isobaric saline. The patients were randomly allocated into four groups. Group 1 (n = 13) was administered 0.25 mg triazolam orally. Group 2 (n = 12), Group 3 (n = 12), and Group 4 (n = 10) received 75 micrograms, 150 micrograms, and 300 micrograms of oral clonidine, respectively. These drugs were administered 1 h before anesthesia. Sensory block was evaluated by pinprick. All regression times in Groups 2, 3, and 4 were significantly longer than those in Group 1. The prolonging effect of oral clonidine increased in a dose-dependent manner and reached a maximal effect at 150 micrograms. Four patients in Group 4 developed bradycardia (heart rate < 45 bpm), suggesting that the dose of 300 micrograms of oral clonidine may promote bradycardia during spinal anesthesia.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

[Antigen presentation by T cells and inducing anergy].

Antigen presentation and its recognition are important processes of immune reactions, mediated by major histocompatibility complex antigens (MHC) and T cell receptors (TCR), that occur between antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T cells. In our previous study on T cell epitopes of human myelin basic protein (MBP), we found that activated T cells with MHC class II antigens can present MBP peptide antigens to MBP reactive T cells in the absence of traditional APCs. However, T cells stimulated by T cell APCs showed no growth response in the next stimulation by T cell APCs or traditional APCs, suggesting the induction of T cell anergy. The results implied that antigen presentation by T cell APCs might play an important rule in T cell immune responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Effect of heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin on proliferative glomerulonephritis].

Effect of heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) were evaluated on 15 patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis with various degrees of sclerosing legion. Five cases were subcutaneously administered with 7000 to 11000 units of heparin for 4 weeks. Ten cases were administered with 60 unit/kg of LMWH by drip infusion for 4 weeks. Eleven cases were treated with prednisolone and all cases were treated with anti-platelet agent as well. Urinary protein excretion reduced from 3.0 +/- 1.8 to 1.8 +/- 0.6 g/day in the heparin-treated group and from 2.4 +/- 1.9 to 1.8 +/- 1.4 g/day in the LMWH-treated group, respectively. There were no remarkable changes in the renal functions of both groups. In one case, both heparin and LMWH brought about reduction of proteinuria. Therefore, LMWH reduced urinary protein excretion by the same mechanism as heparin. The LMWH has an advantage over heparin in that the former has less risk of causing bleeding. We conclude that heparin and LMWH reduce proteinuria in some patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis. The LMWH is beneficial in the treatment of proliferative glomerulonephritis with a sclerosing lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Progress of the treatment of gastric cancer in Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo].

From 1946 to 1990, a total of 10,485 cases of gastric cancer patients were treated at the Cancer Institute Hospital (CIH), Tokyo. During the past 46 years, CIH contributed to various aspects of surgical treatment of gastric cancer; extensive radical surgery for advanced cancer, safe reconstruction methods after total gastrectomy, modified surgery for early stage cancer, and multimodality therapy for moderately advanced cancer. Five-year survival rate was 20% for all cases in 1940s, and 66.5% for 1980s. Improvement in the treatment results could be attributed to the relative increase in the number of early stage cancers, the increase in the rate of curative surgery (R0), and incorporation of multi-modality therapy before or after curative surgery. Stage-oriented therapy is mandatory for further improvement in the treatment results and the patient's quality of life after surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A case report of 16-year-old gastric cancer patient with a rapid recurrence after curative gastrectomy].

A 16-year-old female patient with gastric cancer was recently treated at our institute. She had macroscopically curative surgery, but relapsed to die 7 months after surgery due to peritoneal dissemination. We experienced three teen-agers over past 45 years, who were 0.019% of all cases treated in our institute. Histological type of these cases was undifferentiated adenocarcinoma, exposing to serosa. Though they had suffered abdominal discomfort for long time, proper diagnosis was not done due to their young age. Even the teen-ager who has abdominal complaints should be subjected to a thorough examination of gastrointestinal tract. Oncogene analysis should be done for the familial strain of gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[Indication for the lymph node dissection of gastric cancer based on the pattern analysis small of lymphatic spread].

A total of 8,230 cases of gastric cancer treated at CIH were subjected to the analysis of the pattern of lymphatic spread with an aim of getting indication for the lymph node dissection of Small gastric cancer. Modified dissection (D1-alpha) is indicated for the patients with following conditions: 1) every elevated or flat type mucosal cancer, 2) excavated (IIc) type mucosal cancer less than 10mm in diameter, 3) elevated or flat type submucosal cancer less than 10mm in diameter, 4) excavated submucosal cancer less than 5mm in diameter. Extended dissection (D2 + alpha) is indicated for small cancer which exposed to serosa. Cancer in the upper thirds needs total gastrectomy or cardiectomy according to the state of #5 and 6 nodes, with complete dissection of #1 to 11 nodes associated with sampling of #16 nodes. Total gastrectomy with complete dissection of #1 to 11 nodes and sampling of #16 nodes is indicated for the advanced small cancer in the middle thirds, and total gastrectomy with complete dissection of #1 to 13 nodes and sampling of #14, 16 nodes is indicated for cancer in the lower thirds.

Humans↗