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Biomedical subjects

K Oshimi

Publications and source records attributed to K Oshimi.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria terminating in TdT-positive acute leukemia.

A case of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) which developed terminal transferase (TdT)-positive leukemia 5 years after the diagnosis of PNH was studied. Most of the leukemic cells were suggestively lymphoid by cytochemistry and electron microscopy, and TdT-positive by immunofluorescence studies. The development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia during the course of PNH suggests that in PNH the clonal abnormality may involve lymphoid cells as well as myeloid cells, thus raising the possibility of the disease being a disorder of the pluripotential stem cell.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Protein-losing enteropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Although protein-losing enteropathy can be associated with a variety of disorders, only three cases have been described in association with systemic lupus erythematosus. In the case described herein, protein-losing enteropathy was the only clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Small intestinal biopsy revealed edema and mild mononuclear cell infiltration in lamina propria mucosae and no evidence of lymphangiectasia. X-ray studies of the gastrointestinal tract were normal. Protein-losing enteropathy responded to high-dose corticosteroid therapy. Protein-losing enteropathy should be suspected as a possible cause of unexplained hypoalbuminemia in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Lysis of leukemia and lymphoma cells by autologous and allogeneic interferon-activated blood mononuclear cells.

Studies were undertaken to determine whether leukemia and lymphoma cells would be lysed by autologous and allogeneic interferon (IFN) activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC from healthy donors and from patients were cultured with and without 500 U of highly purified human fibroblast IFN/ml for 24 hr, and then their cytotoxic activity was assayed by a 5-hr 51Cr-release test. Of primary tumor cells isolated from patients, the cells of 5 of 15 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), 5 of 9 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 2 of 3 patients with chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), 2 of 3 patients with blastic phase CML, 1 patient with hairy cell leukemia, and 6 patients with diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were sensitive to IFN-activated PBMC of healthy donors, whereas the cells of 3 of the ANLL patients, 2 of the ALL patients, and 3 of the lymphoma patients were sensitive to unstimulated PBMC. Of the ANLL cells tested, myeloblasts, promyelocytes, and monoblasts were sensitive to either unstimulated or IFN-activated PBMC. Compared with the ANLL cells, the lymphoma cells were statistically significantly sensitive to activated effector cells (p less than 0.025). On the basis of the unlabeled target competition test and the recovery of cytotoxic cells within the fractions enriched in natural killer (NK) cells, NK cells appeared to mediate the above unstimulated and IFN-boosted cytotoxicity. In experiments using autologous effector-target cells from 11 patients, the addition of 500 U of IFN/ml enhanced the lytic activity of PBMC against autologous lymphoma cells in 1 patient, and higher concentrations of IFN, i.e., 2500 or 3500 U/ml, enhanced their cytotoxic activity against autologous leukemia or lymphoma cells in 4 of 8 patients. These data indicate that IFN-activated allogeneic PBMC are able to lyse both myeloid and lymphoid tumor cells, whereas higher concentrations of IFN are required to enhance lytic activity against autologous tumor cells.

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic↗
PubMed1983

Effect of local anaesthetics on human natural killer cell activity.

We explored the effects of local anaesthetics, which are proposed to affect the plasma membrane, on human natural killer (NK) cells. Human NK cell activity was inhibited by lidocaine and procaine in a dose-dependent manner. Procaine inhibited not only NK cytolysis but also the binding of NK cells to target cells when NK cells were pre-incubated with procaine, whereas procaine inhibited NK cytolysis without interfering with the binding when it was added after the binding was completed. These findings suggest that local anaesthetics may inhibit not only the recognition process but also the post-recognition process of human NK cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Proliferative state and radiosensitivity of human myeloma stem cells.

Human myeloma stem cells were detected by their capacity to form colonies in culture. Cells separated from aspirated marrow were cultured for 10 days in semi-solid methylcellulose with medium conditioned by T lymphocytes stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA-TCM). The colonies formed consisted mostly of lymphoplasmacytoid cells or plasma cells, and the immunoglobulins in the patients' myeloma cells were demonstrated also in the cytoplasm of the colony cells. The number of colonies were proportional to the number of cells plated and to the concentration of PHA-TCM. When the proportion of proliferating colony-forming units of multiple myeloma (CFU-MM) was studied using the (3H)-dT-suicide technique, the high-specific-activity (3H)-dT killed 21-45% of the CFU-MM in 7 myeloma patients. According to a single dose of Co-y-irradiation, the mean doses for impairment of regeneration (Do) were 1.00 and 1.63 Gy in 2 cases, the extrapolation numbers being 1.6 and 2.0.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Vindesine receptors in cells of a human leukaemia cell line.

To determine whether vindesine receptors are present in human leukaemic cells, K562 cells (established from chronic myelogenous leukaemia in blastic crisis) were incubated with 3H-vindesine. Binding of 3H-vindesine increased with incubation time and with increase in number of K562 cells. However, when excessive amounts of nonradioactive vindesine were added, the 3H-vindesine was displaced. Binding of 3H-vindesine was only inhibited by vinblastine, vincristine and vindesine. These results suggest that K562 cells have receptors for vindesine and that these receptors are common to vinca alkaloids. Scatchard analysis showed that the number of vindesine receptors differed according to the kind of cells tested. K562 and a T-cell leukaemia-derived cell line, MOLT-4, had more receptors than an acute promyelocytic leukaemia-derived cell line, HL-60, and normal blood lymphocytes. The degree of vindesine affinity to receptors did not differ markedly among the above-mentioned cells.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1982

Natural killer cell activity in untreated systemic lupus erythematosus.

With strictly selected controls natural killer cell activity was evaluated in 10 untreated patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Natural killer levels of the patients were significantly lower than those of the age- and sex-matched normal controls. Natural killer levels, however, did not correlate with disease activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

In vitro augmentation of human natural killer (NK) cell activity by a streptococcal preparation OK-432 and its extracts, protein M and polysaccharides.

Effect of a streptococcal preparation OK-432 and its derivatives on the augmentation of human natural killer cell activity in vitro was examined. The strong augmentation was found by the OK-432 stimulation. Cell separation procedures revealed that cytotoxic activity augmented by the stimulant was considered to be mediated mainly by nonadherent, nonphagocytic, IgG-Fc receptor positive, non-T cells, i.e. NK cells. In addition, supernates cultured with OK-432 augmented NK activity, suggesting some kinds of soluble factors released in the supernates may be participating on the augmentation of human NK activity by OK-432.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1982

Medullasin enhances human natural killer cell activity.

Medullasin, a new serine protease found in bone marrow cells, increased markedly human natural killer cell activity. Whereas the natural killer cell activity measured immediately after the treatment with medullasin remained almost on the same level as the control, an incubation at 37 degrees C for several hours increased markedly the natural killer cell activity of the lymphocytes treated with medullasin. Enhancement of the natural cytotoxicity was caused by the treatment with physiologic concentrations of the protease (5-20 micrograms/ml). Inhibitors of medullasin such as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and elastatinal prevented the activation of natural cytotoxicity. Depletion of lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for IgG abolished the enhancement of natural killer cell activity by medullasin. Interferon activity was not detected in the supernatant of lymphocyte cultures stimulated with medullasin. The medullasin enhanced further the natural killer cell activity of lymphocytes stimulated with interferon. Medullasin activity was detected neither in unstimulated nor stimulated (by concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin) human lymphocytes. The protease was released easily from human mature granulocytes into culture medium. It is considered from these results that the level of human natural killer cell activity is regulated by medullasin released by mature granulocytes.

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic↗