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Biomedical subjects

K Onodera

Publications and source records attributed to K Onodera.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Cefotiam-induced IgE-mediated occupational contact anaphylaxis of nurses; case reports, RAST analysis, and a review of the literature.

Cefotiam (CTM) is one of the most popular cephem antibiotics in Japan. Recently we experienced two cases of nurses with CTM-induced contact anaphylaxis. When they were preparing drip infusions of antibiotics or working around other nurses doing so, they suddenly fell into shock with other symptoms such as flushing, urticaria, abdominal distress, vomiting, dyspnoea and/or loss of consciousness. The symptoms never occurred after they avoided exposure to CTM. Passive cutaneous or open patch tests were positive for CTM. Histamine release was induced by CTM from washed leucocytes. RAST analysis using CTM-human serum albumin-coupled discs showed high % RAST count, suggesting that these reactions were mediated by IgE antibodies. A RAST inhibition test suggested that the methyl-thiotetrazole side-chain was the main antigenic determinant. Both patients had hand dermatitis that had appeared preceding the episodes of anaphylaxis. Although the dermatitis had been resistant to treatments, it also disappeared after they avoided exposure to CTM. It seemed likely that it was also induced or exacerbated by CTM and facilitated the penetration of CTM to cause anaphylaxis. The literature is also reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Plasma peroxidized low-density lipoprotein with hydroperoxidized cholesteryl linoleates estimated in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.

A study was conducted to ascertain the presence of peroxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in plasma and to determine the chemical structure of the peroxidized LDL so that the mechanism by which vascular complications develop may be elucidated in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Family trees showing hypercholesterolemia and moderate grade thickness of the Achilles' tendon were confirmed in all patients. Cholesteryl ester, triglycerides (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), free cholesterol (FC), and phospholipids in normal LDL were stained on a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plate, but from peroxidized LDL, spot X1 between TG and FFA, and spot X2 between FFA and FC were identified clearly except for the lipids recognized in normal LDL on the TLC plates. From intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), LDL1, and LDL2 of FH patients, spot X1 was clearly recognized. Hydroperoxidized cholesteryl linoleate (HPO-CL) was estimated and identified from Cu(2+)-treated standard CL, Cu(2+)-treated LDL and LDL obtained from FH patients by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, positive reaction of p-methoxydiphenylpyrenyl-phosphine and various chemical reactions. The percentage of HPO-CL to total lipids in LDL was in the order of IDL < LDL1 < LDL2 in FH patients, and it was markedly higher in FH patients when compared to healthy persons. Spot X1 obtained from Cu(2+)-treated CL, from Cu(2+)-treated normal LDL and from LDL of FH patients was chemically identical, consisting of at least 4 kinds of HPO-CL isomer. LDL2-cholesterol levels were higher in FH patients than those of LDL1-cholesterol, whereas in healthy persons LDL1 cholesterol levels were higher compared to those of LDL2 cholesterol. The capacity of LDL2 for peroxidization by Cu2+ was greater than that of LDL1 in healthy persons. Biological functions, such as acceleration of platelet aggregation, great internalization into macrophages and injuries of the arterial endothelia, were reported for LDL with HPO-CL in our previous experiments. Thus, the existence of peroxidized LDL with HPO-CL may be one of the important risks for vascular complications in FH patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A reappraisal of the role of insulin-like growth factor I in the regulation of human hematopoiesis.

IGF-I has been reported to increase hematopoietic progenitor cell cloning efficiency. To investigate this phenomenon, we studied the IGF-I responsiveness of human marrow cells expressing IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), a direct strategy not used previously. IGF-IR+ and control CD34+ marrow cells were isolated using immunoaffinity methods. Then, the cells were cloned in methylcellulose containing variable amounts of serum- and lineage-appropriate growth factors supplemented with recombinant human IGF-I. In contrast to CD34+ cells, IGF-IR+ cells never gave rise to CFU-Blast, CFU-Mix, CFU-GM, BFU-E, or CFU-E. To substantiate the suggestion that CD34+ and IGF-IR+ cells were distinct populations, we used reverse transcription PCR to detect IGF-I, EpO, and KIT receptor mRNAs in these cells. The mRNA phenotype of CD34+ cells was EpO (+), KIT (+), and IGF-IR (-), while IGF-IR+ cells were IGF-IR (+), EpO (-), and KIT (-). These results suggested that IGF-IR is either not expressed or expressed at low levels on normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. Functional significance of the latter possibility was tested by exposing CD34+ cells to IGF-IR antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Colony formation was unaffected by oligodeoxynucleotide disruption of IGF-IR, suggesting that, even if expressed at low level, the receptor's functional significance was doubtful. Nevertheless, when cultured in the presence of IGF-I, IGF-IR+ cells elaborated an activity with mild BFU-E stimulatory effects. Accordingly, if IGF-I plays a role in hematopoietic colony formation, it is probably and results from stimulation of IGF-IR-positive ancillary cells to secrete growth factors. Studies carried out with human leukemia cells yielded similar results.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Effects of a non-xanthine adenosine antagonist, CGS 15943, and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, Ro 20-1724, in a light/dark test in mice.

We investigated the effects of a non-xanthine adenosine receptor antagonist, CGS 15943, and a non-xanthine phosphodiesterase inhibitor, Ro 20-1724, in a light/dark test in mice. CGS 15943 at a dose of 50 mg/kg had no significant effects on any parameter, although at 10 mg/kg it significantly antagonized decreases in locomotion and rearing behavior induced by treatment with A1 and A2 selective agonists, N6-cyclopentyladenosine and CGS 21680 respectively. On the other hand, Ro 20-1724 decreased locomotion and rearing behavior in the light and dark zones, number of shuttle crosses between both zones, and the time spent in the light zone dose-dependently at doses ranging from 1-10 mg/kg. In conclusion, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor decreased all parameters in the light/dark test, while the adenosine antagonist showed no effect.

4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone↗
PubMed1994

Effects of xanthine derivatives in a light/dark test in mice and the contribution of adenosine receptors.

We investigated the effects of adenosine receptor antagonists, caffeine, theophylline, 8-phenyltheophylline, and 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), in a light/dark test in mice. All antagonists decreased the time spent in the light zone in this test, which suggested that these compounds have anxiogenic effects. The anxiogenic effects of theophylline were reduced by pretreatment with CGS 21680, an A2-selective agonist, but not by N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), an A1-selective agonist. However, the antagonism of the theophylline-induced anxiogenic effects by CGS21680 was only observed in the time spent in the light zone, and DPCPX-induced anxiogenic effects were neither reversed by CGS 21680 nor by CPA. Finally, it is notable that xanthine-derived adenosine antagonists tested here commonly showed anxiogenic effects in the light/dark test in mice. It is suggested that there is a minor contribution of adenosine receptors to these effects, although theophylline-induced anxiogenic effects were antagonized by an A2 receptor agonist.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1994

Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of N-acetylhistamine on body temperature in mice.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of N-acetylhistamine on rectal temperature, histamine level, histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity, and the turnover rate of monoamines in mice. More than 60 micrograms of N-acetylhistamine induced hypothermia. The maximum effect of hypothermia was observed 20 min after administration of N-acetylhistamine (60-120 micrograms/mouse). A significant drop in rectal temperature of 3 degrees C was induced by 120 micrograms of N-acetylhistamine. Concurrent with the appearance of hypothermia, the histamine levels were increased. However, both histamine H1 and H2 antagonists did not prevent hypothermia. The i.c.v. administration of N-acetylhistamine inhibited HDC activity, but had no effect on the turnover rates of monoamines. These data confirmed that endogenous N-acetylhistamine may be a metabolite which lacks significant physiological roles, and demonstrated that exogenous N-acetylhistamine is not a good pharmacological tool for the study of the functions of the brain histaminergic system in mammals.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The effect of radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Composita on peroxidation of low density lipoprotein due to copper dichloride.

It is well known that plasma lipoprotein, particularly oxidized LDL, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic diseases. We used oxidized LDL generated by incubating LDL from healthy persons with copper dichloride as a model to investigate the antioxidate property of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Composita (RSMC). On photos, the spot X1 and the spot X2 were clearly found in the control group after the dialysis into copper dichloride for 24 and 48 hours, but they could not found in the RSMC group. The analysis of the constituents of lipids in LDL (by charring method) showed that after dialysis the percentages of the spot X1 and the spot X2 in the RSMC group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.01). The results suggest that RSMC plays a potential role in antioxidation of lipids or LDL.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A fully automated apparatus for a light/dark test measuring anxiolytic or anxiogenic effects of drugs in mice.

We developed a fully automated light/dark apparatus which detects locomotion, rearing and time spent in light and dark zones, and shuttle crossing of mice. This apparatus is controlled by a personal computer and detects these parameters by using infrared beamsensors. We used this apparatus to investigate the effects of the anxiolytics, diazepam (DZP) and pentobarbital (PB); the putative anxiolytic, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT); and the anxiogenics, picrotoxin, methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (beta-CCM), and ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (beta-CCE), on each parameter measured by a light/dark test in mice. DZP (5 mg/kg) and 8-OH-DPAT (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) significantly increased the time spent in the light zone. PB (10 mg/kg) also significantly increased the number of shuttle crossings between the dark and light zones. Conversely, picrotoxin (1 and 2 mg/kg) significantly decreased locomotion, rearing and time spent in the light zone. beta-CCM (10 mg/kg) and beta-CCE (5 mg/kg) also significantly decreased rearing and time spent in the light zone. Although the same dose of beta-CCE significantly decreased shuttle crossing and rearing in the dark zone, beta-CCE did not change locomotion in either zone. Our results indicate that this apparatus is useful for the assessment of the anxiolytic and anxiogenic activities of drugs in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy from fundus downward.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy from fundus downward (LCFD) is desirable when exposure of the cystic duct is difficult and hazardous. First the cystic duct and artery are exposed and clipped, and the artery is divided. Then removal of the gallbladder is started from fundus downward. After the gallbladder is dissected from the liver bed, the cystic duct is double clipped and divided. This approach affords better visualization of the cystic duct and common duct with less chance of common duct injury. Twenty-eight LCFDs were performed without complications, immediate or late. LCFD appears to be a safe procedure and does not compromise the retrograde method.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The immunostimulant OK-432 enhances liver regeneration after 90% hepatectomy in rats.

The effect of reticuloendothelial system activation on liver regeneration after 90% hepatectomy was investigated. OK-432, a killed streptococcal preparation that increases reticuloendothelial system activity, was administered to rats before 90% partial hepatectomy. Pretreated rats showed marked improvement in long-term survival: 87% (18 of 23) survived beyond 42 hr, compared with only 44.2% (24 of 52) of controls (p < 0.05). Survival was determined by means of life-table analysis and regeneration response by means of bromodeoxyuridine labeling index of hepatic DNA. OK-432 pretreatment had significantly increased bromodeoxyuridine labeling index 18, 24, and 42 hr after partial hepatectomy (p < 0.05). The results indicate that reticuloendothelial system activation by OK-432 before 90% partial hepatectomy enhances liver regeneration and improves survival, but these factors may not be related. The improved survival may be because of less infection in macrophage-stimulated animals or more rapid clearance of hypotension-causing vasoactive compounds.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1994

A case of primary cystic mediastinal hemangiopericytoma.

We describe a 35-year-old man with a primary cystic mediastinal hemangiopericytoma who presented with the complaint of progressive dysphagia for 6 months. The computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings revealed that a well-defined, fluid-filled mass (measuring approximately 10 x 10 cm) was located posterior to the heart and inferior to the carina of the bronchus. Tumor puncture showed translucent yellow fluid with normal concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen, squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and a high concentration of carbohydrate antigen 125. After removal of the tumor, microscopic examination revealed a malignant hemangiopericytoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a primary mediastinal hemangiopericytoma with cystic formation. Moreover, we showed the specific biochemical findings of the cystic fluid that were useful for differentiation from other cystic mediastinal tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Clinical significance of DNA measurements in small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the relationship between DNA histogram data and the clinical course of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). METHODS: The ability of tumor nuclear DNA histograms as measured by cytofluorometry to predict chemotherapeutic responsiveness and propensity for metastases was assessed in 36 patients with SCLC. Histograms were classified into four types: A, mono-mode and euploid; B, mono-mode but not euploid (A + B being monoclonal patterns); C, poly-mode; and D, no mode (C + D being polyclonal patterns). The grade was classified into low (DNA content, smaller than 8C) and high (greater than 8C) by dispersion degrees about each type. RESULTS: The relative rate of response to chemotherapy was A (100%) is greater than B (82%) is greater than C (38%) is greater than D (17%) (A and D, P < 0.05; B and D, P < 0.01; A + B and C + D, P < 0.01) and closely related to type. Metastasis rates were significantly different between high (81%) and low (7%) grade (P < 0.01) and closely related to grade (sensitivity, 81%; specificity, 93%). Peripheral SCLC had a significantly lower response rate (20%) than did proximal SCLC (65%) (P < 0.01). In DNA histograms, the proportion of C + D (more heterogeneous than A+B) was significantly higher (80%) in peripheral SCLC (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Nuclear DNA measurements may be potentially useful for predicting distant metastases and response to chemotherapy. The heterogeneity and possibility of resistance to chemotherapy of peripheral SCLC may tend to be higher than those of proximal SCLC.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of lung squamous cell carcinoma-derived T-cell suppressive factor.

BACKGROUND: The immunosuppressive state of a tumor-bearing patient is possibly mediated by tumor-derived factor. In this study, the authors characterized lung squamous cell carcinoma-derived immunosuppressive factor (LSCF). METHODS: The immunosuppressive activity of QG56 (a lung squamous carcinoma cell line)-derived LSCF was evaluated by the effect of culture supernatant of QG56 on anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody-induced T-cell, response such as proliferation (3H-thymidine uptake), cytotoxicity (51Cr-releasing assay), and expression of cytokine mRNA (polymerase chain reaction). The LSCF was partially purified with an ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a gel-filtration HPLC. RESULTS: The LSCF inhibited proliferation, cytotoxicity, and expression of cytokine mRNA of T-cells in a dose-dependent manner. It has a molecular weight of approximately 22 kd, and was sensitive to proteinase K, heating at 60 degrees C, and resistant to treatment with trypsin and pH 3 and 9. These properties appear to be similar to those of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). However, the activity of the LSCF was not abrogated by anti-TGF-beta sera, and the LSCF did not suppress the proliferation of TGF-beta-sensitive mink lung cells (Mv1Lu). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that LSCF may be a novel tumor-derived immunosuppressive protein factor.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Effect of thioperamide, a histamine H3 receptor antagonist, on electrically induced convulsions in mice.

The effect of thioperamide, a histamine H3 receptor antagonist, on electrically induced convulsions was studied in mice. Thioperamide significantly and dose dependently decreased the duration of each phase of convulsion and raised the electroconvulsive threshold. Its anticonvulsant effects were prevented by pretreatment with (R)-alpha-methylhistamine, a histamine H3 receptor agonist. These findings suggest that the effect of thioperamide on electrically induced convulsions is due to an increase in endogenous histamine release in the brain, an effect mediated by histamine H3 receptors. The anticonvulsant effect of thioperamide was antagonized strongly by mepyramine (or pyrilamine), a centrally acting histamine H1 receptor antagonist, but not by zolantidine, a centrally acting histamine H2 receptor antagonist. Thus, the blockade by mepyramine of the thioperamide-induced decrease in seizure susceptibility indicates that histamine released by thioperamide from the histaminergic nerve terminals interacts with the histamine H1 receptors of postsynaptic neurons. These findings support the hypothesis that the central histaminergic system is involved in the inhibition of seizures.

Animals↗