Biomedical subjects

K Onoda

Publications and source records attributed to K Onoda.

132 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of ultrafiltration on priming solution with preserved blood for extracorporeal circulation in infants.

In pediatric cardiac surgery, the initial priming solutions of the extracorporeal circulation include preserved blood. In an effort to eliminate unfavorable effects of preserved blood on the circulation, the authors introduced the preserved blood to ultrafiltration (UF). Seventeen infants with congenital heart defects were included in this study. UF was performed with a polysulfone ultrafiltrator before extracorporeal circulation. The 1600 ml of fluid, consisting of saline, 5% glucose, and maltose, were added to 400 ml of preserved blood, and the same amount of fluid was removed by UF. The concentrations of potassium, NH3, and bradykinin in the priming blood decreased significantly after UF. In the UF group, water balance during extracorporeal circulation and max. Creatinine-phosphokinase levels after surgery were better than controls. These data suggest that UF is able to remove some substances and result in reduction of an unfavorable effect on the circulation.

Blood Preservation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative studies of glycoprotein Ib in heparin coated and nonheparin coated extracorporeal circulation circuits.

Contact between blood and artificial materials has various effects on blood. Impairment of platelet function is an especially important and well known effect, but its precise mechanism is not clearly understood. The authors constructed a circulation model to investigate the effect of extracorporeal circulation on platelet membrane glycoproteins (GPs), especially GP Ib, and to compare the changes in GP Ib in heparin coated (group C) and nonheparin coated (group N) circuits. As determined by flow cytometry, GP Ib in both groups decreased on initiating circulation, but the decrease in group N was significantly larger than that in group C. There was no observed change in GP IIb/IIIa levels in either group. The extent of shear stress induced platelet aggregation significantly decreased during circulation in both groups. Decreases in the extent of shear stress induced platelet aggregation were significantly less with the use of heparin coated circuits. In addition, the amount of GP Ib in the high speed pellet decreased progressively during circulation in both groups. In contrast, the amount of GP Ib in the Triton insoluble (low speed) pellet increased dramatically during circulation. However, expression of GP Ib in the Triton soluble platelet fraction was low in both groups. From the results, it was concluded that the cause of the decrease in platelet function during extracorporeal circulation is attributable to the internalization of GP Ib from the platelet surface inside the platelet. It also can be said that a heparin coated circuit is one effective means of controlling this change.

Blood Platelets↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Laryngeal zoster with unilateral laryngeal paralysis.

The case of a 60-year-old man with a unilateral laryngeal mucosal lesion and complete left vocal cord paralysis is reported. The lesion localized to the left side of the larynx covered the laryngeal vestibule, arytenoid, false vocal cord and true vocal cord, but did not extend to the hypopharynx or oropharynx. Enzyme immunoassay for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) led to a diagnosis of VZV infection.

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Significance of bronchial mucosal blood flow for the monitoring of acute rejection in lung transplantation.

Bronchial mucosal blood flow (BMBF) was measured with a laser-Doppler flowmeter in a canine model (n = 20), and the measurement was evaluated to see if it was a useful method for diagnosing allografted lung rejection. The ratio of the value of BMBF at the level of the donor second carina against that at the level of carina (the L/C ratio, an index of BMBF of donor bronchus) decreased in accordance with the extent of lung rejection, and it increased and entered the normal range with the reversal of lung rejection. Compared with the L/C ratio and the rejection grade by histologic changes in open-lung biopsy, the L/C ratio at grade 0 (latent phase) was 0.91 +/- 0.07; at grade Ia (early vascular phase), 0.86 +/- 0.05; at grade Ib (late vascular phase), 0.68 +/- 0.10; at grade II (early alveolar phase), 0.60 +/- 0.14; and at grade III (late alveolar phase), 0.50 +/- 0.15. A significant difference was noted between grades Ia and Ib (p less than 0.01) and between grades Ib and III (p less than 0.01). The sensitivity and the specificity in the detection of early rejection before grade Ib were 96% and 92%, with only one false-negative and two false-positives resulting from 51 measurements of BMBF. In three cases of serious lung infections, the L/C ratio did not fall, and the rejection could be distinguished from infection. These results suggest that measurement of the BMBF is useful for detecting the early rejection of transplanted lungs.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of inhaled nitric oxide in single lung transplantation in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.

BACKGROUND: The edema of grafted lungs during the early postoperative period is one of the serious complications of single lung transplantation for primary pulmonary hypertension. METHODS: The effectiveness of inhaled nitric oxide in single lung transplantation for primary pulmonary hypertension during the early postoperative period was evaluated with the use of rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. In the inhaled nitric oxide group, rats were given 60 parts par million of nitric oxide for 24 hours just after left lung transplantation; in the no inhaled nitric oxide group, rats were kept without nitric oxide inhalation; in the control group, normal rats received left isografts. RESULTS: Three hours after transplantation, the mean pulmonary artery pressure of the no inhaled nitric oxide group (28.0 +/- 4.6) was significantly higher than that of the control group (23.3 +/- 0.9, p < 0.05) and the inhaled nitric oxide group (22.7 +/- 1.7, p < 0.05). On the first postoperative day, the mean left-to-right pulmonary blood flow ratio in the inhaled nitric oxide group was 0.34 +/- 0.03; it showed no significant difference to those of the other two groups, whereas that of the no inhaled nitric oxide group (0.42 +/- 0.14) was significantly elevated compared with that of the control group (0.14 +/- 0.03, p < 0.05). Histopathologically, the edema of the grafted lungs 24 hours after operation in the inhaled nitric oxide group was less severe than that in the no inhaled nitric oxide group. CONCLUSIONS: The postoperative use of inhaled nitric oxide is effective to reduce the pulmonary edema of the grafts in single lung transplantation for pulmonary hypertension by reducing acute pulmonary blood flow shift toward grafts after transplantation.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical evaluation of a silicone coated hollow fiber oxygenator.

In this article, the clinical experience with a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using a newly developed hollow fiber oxygenator with an ultra-thin layer of silicone is reported. A comparative study of biocompatibility between the new oxygenator and a heparin coated oxygenator is also described. The CPB was performed with a silicone coated oxygenator, Mera Excelung Binding Prim HPO 15 H-C (Group I, n = 6) or Binding Prim HPO 25 H-C (Group II, n = 10) (Senko Medical Instrument Mfg., Tokyo, Japan). Air could be vented through the silicone coated hollow fibers, and it was easy to prime the circuits. The CPB duration was 101 +/- 37 min and 170 +/- 64 min for Groups I and II, respectively. There were no deaths and no complications from CPB. Partial arterial pressure of O2 levels 60 minutes after the start of CPB were 529 +/- 28 mm Hg and 529 +/- 28 mmHg for Group I and II, respectively. Partial arterial pressure of CO2 levels 60 min after the start of CPB were 36.4 +/- 4.6 mmHg and 39.4 +/- 4.4 mmHg, respectively. Plasma free hemoglobin at 60 min was 33.5 +/- 17.2 mg/ dL and 46.7 +/- 26.1 mg/dL for Groups I and II, respectively. As an evaluation of biocompatibility, the effects of the new oxygenator on platelet activation (GP Ib, IIb/IIIa), coagulation (TAT), fibrinolysis (PIC), and inflammatory response (C3a, granulocyte elastase) were investigated during CPB and comparing to those of the heparin coated oxygenator. There were no significant differences in GP Ib, GP IIb/IIa, TAT, PIC, and granulocyte elastase between the two oxygenators. However, 60 min after the start of CPB, the C3a was significantly lower for the new oxygenator group than for the heparin coated oxygenator group (p < 0.03). The new oxygenator showed good gas transfer, low hemolysis, and good biocompatibility. Because of its durability and good biocompatibility, the new oxygenator was determined to be suitable for prolonged extra corporeal circulation.

Adult↗