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Biomedical subjects

K Ono

Publications and source records attributed to K Ono.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Diffuse panbronchiolitis as a pulmonary complication in patients with adult T-cell leukemia.

Forty-three cases of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) admitted to our hospital between 1982 and 1987 were studied. Three of those were found to be complicated with diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB). The incidence of DPB is considered to be significantly higher in patients with ATL. The three DPB-complicated cases composed one case each of the smoldering, chronic, and acute type of ATL. In each type, DPB preceded overt ATL and Candida albicans was found in sputa following detection for bacteria. The DPB complication apparently worsened the prognosis of the ATL patients. We have discussed a possible relationship between ATL and DPB.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of cholecystokinin and carbamylcholine on Paneth cell secretion in mice: a comparison with pancreatic acinar cells.

To confirm whether the Paneth cells of mice (ICR, male, 10-12 weeks old) have the same secretory response to hormonal and cholinergic stimulation as do pancreatic acinar cells, ultrastructural changes of Paneth cells and pancreatic acinar cells 1 hr after administration of various doses of cholecystokinin (octapeptide, CCK-8) and carbamylcholine were morphometrically assessed. After maximal (1.5 micrograms/kg intraperitoneally [i.p.]) and supramaximal (15 micrograms/kg, i.p.) stimulation by CCK-8, pancreatic acinar cells showed, respectively, degranulation or disturbance of secretion (e.g., an increase in lysosome-like bodies, aggregation of zymogen granules). The Paneth cells, however, were almost unchanged in the parameters examined. After carbamylcholine injection (1,000 micrograms/kg, subcutaneously [s.c.]), both pancreatic acinar cells and Paneth cells showed degranulation. Paneth cells sometimes developed large vacuoles, probably formed after massive exocytosis; such vacuoles were not observed in pancreatic acinar cells. It is suggested that Paneth cells and pancreatic acinar cells have different secretory responses. Paneth cell secretion, which possibly plays a role in controlling the intestinal bacterial milieu, may be stimulated by cholinergic rather than hormonal mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Feline hybridoma growth factor/interleukin-6 activity.

An assay system was developed to measure feline hybridoma growth factor (HGF)/interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity in biological samples containing many kinds of cytokines by using the proliferation of the newly established mouse-rat hybridoma clone, B3B1. The proliferative response of this B3B1 clone was IL-6-specific, and could not be promoted by other cytokines including IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). The anti-human B-cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2)/IL-6 antiserum did not neutralize feline HGF/IL-6 activity in conditioned media prepared from feline con A-stimulated splenocytes and unstimulated alveolar macrophages, indicating antigenic differences between species. Feline HGF/IL-6 was eluted into the fractions corresponding to a molecular weight of 30,000-40,000 in gel filtration, and into the fractions at a salt concentration of 0.2-0.3 M NaCl in anion exchange chromatography. The physicochemical properties of feline HGF/IL-6 were slightly different from those of murine and human IL-6.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Migration of immature neurons along tangentially oriented fibers in the subpial part of the fetal mouse medulla oblongata.

Migration of neuronal cells in the subpial part of the medulla oblongata was examined in the fetal mouse by light and electron microscopy. Cells were observed forming a migratory stream in the period between the thirteenth and sixteenth days of gestation, and were associated with tangentially oriented fibers. Many of these tangential fibers were present prior to the onset of the migration, and the fibers were filled with longitudinally arrayed microtubules. The cell-bodies were elongated and arranged along, and often apposed to the fibers. Some relocating neurons extended fibers, i.e. leading processes, in the direction of the migration. Generally, these cells exhibited features of immature neurons; they displayed a high concentration of ribosomal rosettes and contained mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, a few rough endoplasmic reticula, and occasionally, centrioles. Junctional complexes, coated pits and coated vesicles were frequently observed in the region of the migratory stream, and these structures are considered to be related to cell locomotion. The present findings strongly suggest that such tangential fibers, including leading processes of moving neurons, serve as guidance substrates for the relocation of immature neurons in the mouse subpial medullary region.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Influence of conventionalization on cecal wall structure of germ-free Wistar rats: quantitative light and qualitative electron microscopic observations.

The structural changes of the cecal wall in germ-free rats were observed at regular intervals after the inoculation of fecal microflora from conventional rats. Quantitative light microscopy showed that most of the elements in the cecal wall increased at 12 or 24 h and reached peak values at 4 days after inoculation. On the 7th day, they decreased approximately to the values for conventional rats. The crypts were bent or widely open till 24 h but were not after the 4th day. Hyperplasia of the crypt epithelial cells including mucous-type cells was observed following microbial inoculation. Electron microscopy revealed that most of the epithelial cells lining the mucosa were typical columnar cells. Desquamation of the epithelial cells and contraction of the muscle fibers were often seen on 4th day. The mucous-type cells were divided into two types, goblet and non-goblet mucous-type cells. Reduction of cecal volume after microbial inoculation may be mainly caused by muscle contraction in the early period and hyperplasia and desquamation of the epithelial cells may suggest their role as the first and non-specific defense line prior to operation of the specific immune system.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Hypercalcemia associated with osteolytic lesions in the extramedullary blastic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia: report of a case.

A 43-year-old male patient with hypercalcemia and osteolytic lesions complicating chronic myelogenous leukemia is presented. Extramedullary myeloid blastic crisis was diagnosed by the histological finding of the specimen biopsied from a osteolytic lesion in the right femur. As the serum levels of parathyroid hormone, 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D, prostaglandin E2 and interleukin 1, and the urinary excretion of cyclic AMP were all normal, it was considered that the hypercalcemia was attributed to the bone destruction by the invasion of leukemic myeloblasts.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Therapeutic effect and titers of the specific IgE and IgG antibodies in patients with sea squirt allergy (Hoya asthma) under a long-term hyposensitization with three sea squirt antigens.

Hyposensitization therapy with each of three sea squirt antigens, Gi-rep (molecular weight [MW] 106,000), Ei-M (MW 22,800), and DIIIa (MW 9980), have succeeded in 72%, 90%, and 36% of patients with sea squirt allergy, respectively, within the first year, and the effect has been maintained during subsequent 4-year maintenance therapy. All available sera from some of the hyposensitized patients were also examined for IgE and IgG titers against the most effective therapeutic antigen, Ei-M, and it was revealed that the Ei-M-specific IgG titer increased rapidly in the successfully hyposensitized patients, regardless of the therapeutic antigen used, except for a few patients. Furthermore, the high specific IgG titer, as well as the therapeutic effect, was maintained during the subsequent maintenance therapy. No such increase in the specific IgG titer was detected in all unsuccessfully hyposensitized patients. In contrast, the Ei-M-specific IgE titer was practically unchanged in all allergic patients, independent of the therapy. Therefore, the effect of the hyposensitization therapy was closely dependent on the induction of the specific IgG capable of competing with the specific IgE for a certain asthma-inducing antigen, like DIIIa. The apparently low therapeutic efficiency of DIIIa was attributed to its relatively low immunogenicity to induce the specific IgG.

Allergens↗
PubMed1989

Preproenkephalin gene expression in the rat spinal cord after noxious stimuli.

The trans-synaptically activated biosynthesis of the preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA in the dorsal horn of the rat lumbar spinal cord was examined by an in situ hybridization histochemical technique. As a nociceptive stimulus, a small amount of formalin was injected into the right hindpaw, and quantitative and qualitative changes of PPE-mRNA expression were determined by emulsion autoradiography. Formalin injection was found to result in a significant increase in the number and signal intensity of neurons expressing PPE-mRNAs in the superficial and deep layers of the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn. Expression of PPE-mRNA increased within 1 h after formalin injection in neurons of deep layers, but gradually for at least 24 h in neurons in the superficial layers. These results at the level of the spinal cord showed that differential responses of PPE neurons related to the pain sensation occurred trans-synaptically after nociceptive stimulation applied to the periphery.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Enkephalin fibers synapse on cholinergic neurons in the rat sacral intermediolateral nucleus: a double-immunostaining at the light and electron microscopic levels.

Relationships between leucine-enkephalin fibers and cholinergic neurons in the rat sacral intermediolateral nucleus were examined by light and electron microscopy using double-immunostaining method. Cholinergic neurons in the sacral intermediolateral nucleus were labeled by a rat-mouse monoclonal antibody to choline acetyltransferase and stained bluish green with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D- galactoside reaction products using beta-galactosidase as a marker. On the same sections, leucine-enkephalin fibers were labeled by a rabbit polyclonal antiserum to leucine-enkephalin and stained brown by diaminobenzidine reaction products using peroxidase as a marker. After embedding in Epon, the sections were examined in light and electron microscopes. In the light microscope, choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactive cells were seen in the sacral intermediolateral nucleus. In the same region, leucine-enkephalin-like immunoreactive cells. In the electron microscope, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactoside reaction products were in the form of coarse electron dense deposits in the choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactive structures and could be distinguished from the much finer grained diaminobenzidine reaction products. Choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactive neurons received synaptic inputs from leucine-enkephalin fibers-like immunoreactive terminals. These findings suggest that leucine-enkephalin fibers may affect the activity of cholinergic parasympathetic preganglionic neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Variation in tumor response to fluosol-DA (20%).

The effects of Fluosol-DA 20% (FDA) and carbogen (95% O2/5% CO2) on radiosensitivity of the three experimental tumors, SCC VII tumor, RIF-I tumor, and transplanted mammary tumor of C3H/He mouse, subcutaneously inoculated in the leg were examined. The effect of FDA plus carbogen, and carbogen alone on radiosensitivity of SCC VII and RIF-I tumors was tested using the in vivo-in vitro assay. The growth curves were obtained for both SCC VII tumor and transplanted mammary tumor. The effect of the combination of FDA and carbogen was only observed in the transplanted mammary tumor. In the other two tumors, only the effect of inspiring carbogen was observed. We concluded that the effect of FDA on the radiosensitivity of experimental tumors varies with the kind of tumor systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The effect of arterial oxygen content on the results of radiation therapy for epidermoid bronchogenic carcinoma.

Anemia is believed to be an important prognostic factor in treating cancer patients by radiation therapy. One possible explanation for this is tumor oxygenation. With respect to tumor oxygenation, the arterial oxygen content (CaO2) may be of more importance than the hemoglobin (Hb) level. This study shows the relationship between the CaO2 and tumor response to radiation therapy. Forty-two patients with epidermoid bronchogenic carcinoma, treated by irradiation alone between April 1982 and March 1986, were reviewed. Regression of the tumor after radiation therapy was calculated as a percent change in the tumor area. Arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), Hb level, and percent oxygen saturation of Hb in arterial blood (SaO2) were measured within 2 weeks of commencement of radiation therapy and the CaO2 was calculated. The rank correlation coefficients between the maximum percent regression of the tumor and the PaO2, the Hb level and the CaO2 were 0.36, 0.34, and 0.46, respectively. Statistical analyses of the data indicate that the group of patients with CaO2 over 14.5 ml/dl exhibited greater tumor regression and longer survival periods than the group of patients with CaO2 below 14.5 ml/dl. Similarly patients with PaO2 over 90 mmHg or Hb level over 11 g/dl, exhibited significantly greater tumor regression and longer survival periods than those with PaO2 below 90 mmHg and Hb level below 11 g/dl. There were no significant differences in the length of survival periods with respect solely to the Hb level or the PaO2. It was concluded that the CaO2 is more important than the Hb level in determining tumor response to radiation therapy. This is considered as important indirect evidence of the existence of hypoxic fractions of cells in human tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Arthroscopic follow-up of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using allogeneic tendon.

We have made a long-term arthroscopic study of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions using cryopreserved allogeneic tendon in 49 knees. Not only the reconstructed ACL itself, but also the entire joints were arthroscopically evaluated from 18 through 59 months postoperatively. Physical examinations at the arthroscopic follow-up revealed that Lachman's sign was negative in 45 and mildly positive in 4 patients and that the pivot-shift sign was negative in 46 and mildly positive in 3 patients. ACL grafts did not show any biodegradation with time but maintained a thick and viable appearance, although 3 of the taut ones showed partial necrosis in the anterolateral part. Fibrillation of the patellofemoral articular surface was commonly found, although no patients complained of anterior knee pain. Degenerative changes were usually found in those patients who had resumed strenuous activity without their menisci being intact. Follow-up arthroscopy was useful for monitoring the overall structures inside the post-operative knees, enabling us to persuade the patients to regulate their activity on the basis of objective evidence.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Inhibitory effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha on fracture healing in rats.

Fracture healing, which involves a cascade of biological tissue responses, may be affected by various biochemical substances. One of these substances is tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF). Studies were made on the effects of TNF on healing of fractured ribs of rats. Fracture healing was inhibited by daily administration of recombinant human TNF (400 micrograms/kg body weight per day, intraperitoneally) after fracture. The rate of union on day 20 was significantly lower in the TNF-treated group (4/18, 22.2%) than in the control group (14/18, 77.8%) (p less than 0.001 by Chi-square test). Histological examination showed that TNF inhibited cartilagenous callus formation. On day 10, cartilage was seen in the gap zone and under the periosteum in the control group, but no cartilage formation was observed in the gap zone in 9 of 12 specimens from the TNF-treated group. On day 20, the fracture ends were united by newly formed bone in the control group, but mature fibrous tissue was seen in the gap zone, and bony or cartilagenous union was not achieved in the TNF-treated group. These results show that TNF inhibits cartilage formation in the early phase of bone induction in fracture healing and suggest that this effect of TNF is due to its inhibition of differentiation of mesenchymal cells into chondroblasts.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Delayed activation of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K channels in hippocampal neurons of the rat.

We applied a fast concentration jump system to produce step changes in Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i) on the cytoplasmic side of the inside-out membrane patch, excised from isolated rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons, and examined the time course of the activation phase of the large-conductance K channel (the BK channel; approximately 266 pS) after a step rise in [Ca2+]i. Diffusion of Ca2+ from the electrode tip to the cytoplasmic surface of the patch was estimated to be almost completed in 10 ms. After a step increase in [Ca2+]i from 0.04 to 3.2-1,000 microM, the activation of the K channel started after a clear latency of 280-18 ms and proceeded along a sigmoidal function. This was in sharp contrast with the rapid deactivation that began without delay and that was completed within 50 ms. The latency in activation was not accounted for by the binding of Ca2+ to EGTA in unstirred layers in the patch, since this binding was reported to be slow, taking up to seconds at physiological pH. Calmodulin (1 microM) did not affect the delay, the activation rate, or the steady-state current level. The calmodulin inhibitors W-7 and W-5 caused flickering of the single-channel current. These results indicate a delayed activation of the BK channel after a step rise in [Ca2+]i, suggesting that the BK current does not contribute to the repolarization of the action potential. Calmodulin is probably not involved in the activation process of the channel.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Influence of suxamethonium on the action of subsequently administered vecuronium or pancuronium.

The effects of suxamethonium were studied on the onset time and duration of action of vecuronium or pancuronium in 45 adult patients anaesthetized with halothane and nitrous oxide. After an intubating dose of suxamethonium, the force of the evoked twitch returned to a value greater than control. The onset of the reduction in force produced by subsequent administration of vecuronium or pancuronium was faster and recovery slower. This potentiating effect of suxamethonium persisted for at least 2 h.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

N-acetylgalactosaminyl disaccharide terminals contained in presumed carbohydrate epitopes specific to sea-squirt allergy.

Using the methods of methylation/GLC, MS, and 1H-NMR analyses, a disaccharide structure of GalNAc alpha 1----2Fuc1---- was identified as one of the major structural units at non-reducing terminals of a highly branched and N-glycosidically linked carbohydrate on an allergenically active glycopeptide, Gp-2 (Mr ca. 8,000). Gp-2 was one of the major fractions in the Pronase digest of a sea-squirt antigen, Gi-rep, and is capable of eliciting the skin reaction specific to patients with sea-squirt allergy similarly to Gi-rep. An additional disaccharide structure of GalNAc1----(3/4)HexNAc1---- was also expected as the other major non-reducing terminal unit, though the anomeric configuration of the terminal GalNAc could not be identified. As Gp-2 carbohydrate was found to contain 3 mol each of the two types of terminal GalNAc-containing units, both were nominated as possible components of the IO4- oxidation-sensitive epitopes which are responsible for the allergenic activity in Gp-2 and its mother antigen, Gi-rep. A few moles of Fuc and Gal were also detected as minor non-reducing terminals in addition to the 6 mol of the GalNAc-containing units.

Acetylglucosamine↗