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Biomedical subjects

K Ono

Publications and source records attributed to K Ono.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Estimation of pulmonary vascular permeability by indocyanine green in permeability pulmonary edema].

In this study we attempted to estimate pulmonary vascular permeability by indocyanine green (ICG). Permeability pulmonary edema was produced in 9 adult dogs by injecting 0.08 ml/kg oleic acid. We injected 50 mg ICG intravenously in 18 dogs (9 dogs with pulmonary edema and 9 control dogs). We measured the time course of ICG concentrations in pulmonary arterial blood, ICG concentration of peripheral lung tissue, tissue/serum ICG concentration ratios, and wet/dry lung weight ratios. The following results were obtained. The time course of ICG concentration in pulmonary arterial blood showed peak values at 2 minutes and became constant at 5 or 10 minutes after injection. The ICG concentration in peripheral lung tissue, tissue/serum ICG concentration ratios, and wet/dry lung weight ratios in the pulmonary edema group were significantly higher than those in the normal group. There was a strong linear correlation between wet/dry lung weight ratio and ICG concentration in peripheral lung tissue, with correlation coefficients of r = 0.936 (p < 0.01) in the right lung and r = 0.901 (p < 0.01) in the left lung. From these results, we conclude that estimation of pulmonary vascular permeability by ICG is a useful method.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Scanning electron microscopic and light microscopic observations on morphological changes of freeze-dried bone implantation in rats: comparison with fresh autogenous bone transplantation.

Bone remodelling after the implantation of freeze-dried autogenous bone in rat parietal bone was compared with fresh autogenous bone transplantation, using a scanning electron and light microscope revealed the time intervals after transplantation/implantation. The light microscope revealed the time delay of the bone remodelling in the implantation, compared with the transplantations. The scanning electron microscope showed that the differences between the two groups were in the states of bone union and bone resorption. In the fresh bone group, the newly-formed bone filled the spaces between host and the transplanted bones at 2 to 3 weeks after the transplantation: the newly-formed bone fused and melted into the transplanted bone. New bone formation was more dominant on the bone surface in the dura mater side than in the skin side. The union was almost completed at 5 weeks. In freeze-dried bone implantation, the bone union in the contact space was very poor and the implanted bone was mainly covered by the new bone, which developed from the host bone surface in the dura mater side at 2 to 3 weeks after the implantation. What is noteworthy is that bone resorbed areas showing numerous Howship's lacunae were mainly observed on the host bone surface in the vicinity of newly-formed bone. However in freeze-dried bone implantation, the bone resorption was greater on the host and implanted bone surface than that of fresh bone transplantation: the resorption of host bone was considerably larger at certain periods after freeze-dried bone implantation. The present results show that the healing process of freeze-dried bone implantation, even though autogenous bone was used, differed from that of fresh autogenous bone transplantation, and the differences are concerned not only with time sequences but also with qualitative changes. This suggests that the host would have some different responses to the freeze-dried autogenous bone from fresh materials.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[An experimental study on development of gallstone disease after curative gastrectomy for cancer--postoperative alteration of the composition of canine gallbladder bile after subtotal gastrectomy with truncal vagotomy].

In connection with gallstone (GS) formation after gastrectomy for cancer, we examined alteration of the composition of gallbladder bile after subtotal gastrectomy with truncal vagotomy. Of 11 mongrel dogs with cholecystostomy, 3 underwent B-I and 4 B-II gastrectomy. Four dogs without gastrectomy were served as controls. Bile was collected for 12 months. Bile acids were quantified by GLC. The bile was cultured for bacteriology. TBA did not significantly differ among the three groups of the dogs. In the two gastrectomized groups, CDA (a secondary bile acid) kept a higher level and CA (a primary bile acid) maintained a lower concentration compared with those in the controls. A remarkable increase of non-conjugated bile acids was recognized in both gastrectomized groups. Lithogenicity was low for all of the 3 groups. All but 1 control dog incurred bile infection that persisted long. Black pigment stones containing calcium bilirubinate developed in 1 of the 3 B-I and 2 of the 4 B-II dogs but none in the controls. The bile infection seemed to be involved in the development of GS. As the alteration of bile composition and GS occurred solely in the gastrectomized dogs, subtotal gastrectomy with truncal vagotomy might precipitate the GS formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Fatal and near fatal asthma.

Despite the recent development of apparently effective asthma drugs, the number of deaths from asthma has not declined. The authors tried to establish an optimal strategy for the prevention of acute asthmatic death by analyzing the circumstances of acute fatal or near-fatal asthma. Data were collected from 51 adult patients admitted to Bokutoh Tertiary Emergency Center due to acute asthma between November 1985 and May 1990 and 38 asthmatic patients admitted to Yokohama City Hospital in 1990. Pre-admission data were obtained through interviews with the patients, their families, or doctors who had seen them. A total of 89 patients were classified into three subgroups: group 1 consisted of patients dead-on-arrival (DOA); group 2, non-DOA patients with disturbed consciousness; and group 3, patients with less severe episodes. Little background information was significantly different among groups, but symptomatic episodes in group 1 patients tended to occur more rapidly. The speed of onset of the episodes was also dependent on the asthma control status. Prehospital care of groups 1 and 2 patients was very poor despite severity of the symptoms. All patients in groups 2 and 3 were successfully treated and discharged, but five of the 26 patients in group 2 died during follow-up periods. Prognosis of patients after discharge appeared to be dependent upon asthma control status before the acute episodes. It was concluded that acute fatal or near fatal asthma could occur in apparently low-risk patients as well as high-risk ones. It was also suggested that the optimal strategy for preventing asthma deaths might be variable.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The rate of increase in hematocrit, humoral vasoactive substances and blood pressure changes in hemodialysis patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin or blood transfusion.

The role of the rate of increase in hematocrit (Hct) and changes in vasoactive substances as a cause of hypertension induced by the administration of recombinant erythropoietin (r-EPO) were examined in 20 stable hemodialysis (HD) patients. Measurements were made twice at the start of treatment and when the Hct reached 30%. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I: 14 patients received r-EPO, 3000 units intravenously three times a week. Group II: 6 patients, needing repeated blood transfusion, were given 2 to 4 units of washed red blood cells during a HD session. The Hct increased by 0.65%/week in Group I and by 6.7%/2 days in Group II. An elevation in blood pressure was not seen in any patient. There was no difference in the levels of renin, angiotensin II, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, atrial natiuretic peptide (ANP), BUN, creatinine, cardiac thoracic ratio and body weight in any of the groups. In conclusion, elevation of the Hct in HD patients whatever the rate of increase within the 30% Hct range, does not cause an increase in blood pressure. In addition, the levels of vasoactive substances do not change in partially corrected anemic HD patients. As a result blood pressure control can be helped by aiming at the lower target Hct level of around 30%.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1992

[A case of complete mediastinal thyroid cancer: aberrant goiter].

A 65-year-old man was admitted with the chief complaints of hoarseness and an abnormal mass shown by chest x-ray films. CT scan, MRI, thyroid scintigram, and angiogram showed a right upper mediastinal tumor. This was histologically diagnosed as malignant mediastinal goiter by percutaneous needle biopsy. Operation was performed using a collar incision and median sternotomy. The tumor was located in right upper mediastinum and had no relation to the cervical thyroid gland. It was 7 x 5 x 3.5 cm in size. Histological examination revealed papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland. To our knowledge, 17 cases of complete mediastinal malignant goiter have been reported in Japan, including our case. These 17 patients are reviewed with regard to their clinical features in this article.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1992

Bipolar prosthetic replacement for the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head.

Eighty-three hips in 66 patients with nontraumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) showing evidence of severe collapse or secondary osteoarthritic changes were treated with surgical implantation of bipolar hip prostheses either with or without cement fixation of femoral stems. The cases were observed for more than three years (range, three to ten years seven months; average, five years seven months) and assessed in terms of functional and roentgenographic results. These data were compared with the results of classic hemiarthroplasties using fixed head prostheses (Austin-Moore-type with curved or straight stem) that were performed at the authors' institutions before 1980. The results confirm that the clinical outcome is improved with use of the bipolar prosthesis. Satisfactory results (a score of 80 or greater on a hip function scoring system proposed by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association) were maintained throughout the follow-up period in most cases (71 of 83 hips) with the bipolar prosthetic replacements. In a group of patients with unsatisfactory results (12 hips), proximal migration of prosthetic head was seen in two cases. The incidence of proximal migration of bipolar heads, including those exhibiting minimal movement, was significantly lower when compared with that observed in an Austin-Moore-type head-fixed prosthesis group (7/83 versus 12/19) during a comparable postoperative follow-up period. It is noteworthy that the proximal migration of the bipolar head was not progressive, and, in most cases observed more than five years, the cartilaginous spaces of acetabulum were preserved, whereas in the Austin-Moore-replaced group, the migration was evident and progression occurred within three years of surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Experimental steroid-induced osteonecrosis in adult rabbits with hypersensitivity vasculitis.

Osteonecrosis (ON) was experimentally induced in rabbits by employing a combined protocol of hypersensitivity vasculitis and administration of high-dose corticosteroids. Thirty-five adult rabbits were used: five were injected twice with horse serum (Group A), five were injected three times with methylprednisolone acetate (Group B), 20 were treated with a combination of horse serum and methylprednisolone acetate (Group C), and five were used as a control (Group D). Both femurs of each rabbit were obtained one to five weeks after the final treatment and were histologically examined. There was no evidence of ON in Groups A, B, and D, whereas vasculitis was prominent in the femurs of Group A rabbits. In Group C, 14 of 20 specimens (70%) showed histologic evidence of ON in the femoral metaphysis: seven showed marrow necrosis and seven marrow and trabecular necrosis. Intramedullary hemorrhage was detected in eight animals. All specimens that showed ON or marrow necrosis revealed arteriopathy (i.e., severe damage to the vascular wall structure of arterioles). These findings were similar to those observed in early ON of clinical materials. The authors conclude that arteriopathy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ON.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The fate of nontraumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head. A radiologic classification to formulate prognosis.

One hundred fifteen hips in 87 patients with non-traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) (men, 54; women, 33) (steroid induced, 49; alcoholic, 21; idiopathic, 17) were radiologically classified into six distinct types (Types 1A, 1B, 1C, 2, 3A, and 3B) based on the following: (1) the size and location of the necrotic area in relation to the weight-bearing surface of the acetabulum as seen on anteroposterior views in the standing position and (2) initial roentgenographic abnormalities. The natural course of the disorder in each group were observed for more than two years (range, two to 18 years; mean, five years). Of the 79 hips without collapse of the femoral heads (Stage II) at the beginning of follow-up evaluation, 42 femoral heads subsequently collapsed. These collapses took place predominantly in cases involving Types 1C, 2, and 3B. Conversely, the incidence of collapse was significantly low in the other groups (Types 1A, 1B, and 3A). Collapse of the femoral head occurred in 78 femoral heads of 115. The incidences of collapse by group was 0% for Type 1A, 19% for Type 1B, 94% for Type 1C, 100% for Type 2, 12% for Type 3A, and 100% for Type 3B. These data indicate that this radiologic classification of necrosed femoral heads is useful for evaluation of the risk of collapse or for prognosis of the affected hip joints as well as for choosing an appropriate treatment modality, either conservative or surgical, during the early stages of ANFH.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Intraosseous arterial architecture in nontraumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Microangiographic and histologic study.

To determine the vascular architecture of nontraumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH), 38 femoral heads procured from 31 ANFH patients were studied by microangiographic and histologic methods. Microangiography showed that the head was consistently stratified into three zones: the normal vascular, the reparative vascular, and the avascular. Microangiographic abnormalities were closely correlated with the histologic changes in each zone. The extent of the necrotic area proved to depend on the extent and number of involved intraosseous nutrient arteries. Circumscribed necrosis accompanied interruption of the lateral epiphyseal arteries in their intra-capital portion. Extensive necrosis resulted from multiple vascular involvement, which included not only the lateral epiphyseal arteries, but also the superior and inferior metaphyseal arteries. Histologic examination of different levels of the nutrient arteries revealed many intraosseous pathologic vascular changes in apposition to the ischemic episode of the femoral head. Interruption of the blood supply causing ANFH occurs in the intracapital arteries probably because of vascular wall damage, and the extent of necrosis depends on the number of the involved nutrient arteries and their proximity to the intracapital site of origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Risk factors of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus under high-dose corticosteroid therapy.

A prospective study of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients under high doses of corticosteroid therapy (greater than 30 mg/day prednisolone) for a five-year period elucidated some risk factors of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH). A complete survey was performed on 62 patients, of whom nine patients developed ANFH during the period of study. The risk factors in the causation of ANFH were ascertained on the basis of characteristic clinical features of SLE, a typical pattern of laboratory data at the onset of ANFH, and the mode of glucocorticosteroid administration observed from a statistical point of view. The risk factors include stomatitis, drug-induced lupus, lupus erythematosus cell positive rheumatoid arthritis, interstitial pneumonitis, and thrombocytopenic purpura (characteristic clinical features); increased total cholesterol, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, red blood cell, hemoglobin, and albumin/globulin; advanced renal failure (pattern abnormality of laboratory data); and a rash introduction of high-dose corticosteroid therapy (greater than or equal to 30 mg/day prednisolone) without corticosteroid preloading (mode of administration).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Early arteriopathy and postulated pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The intracapital arterioles.

The authors studied 24 core biopsy specimens exhibiting osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) at the silent stage (i.e., no symptoms or roentgenographic signs but positive scintigrams or positive magnetic resonance images). The histologic findings referring to vascular lesions were compared with those of other tissues: eight capsular tissues and eight superior retinacular vessels obtained from ONFH and 11 femoral heads of osteoarthrosis. All the core biopsy specimens showed trabecular and bone marrow necrosis as well as old and new bone marrow hemorrhages. Vascular lesions were also detected in all core biopsy specimens. Structural damage to arteriolar walls, primarily in the tunica media, consisted of broken-down internal elastic lamina, degeneration of the tunica media, necrosis of smooth muscle cells, and the residue of ruptured blood vessels. This damage was present even in nonnecrotic tissue, indicating the fragility of the intracapital vascular system. Such arteriopathy led to eventual hemorrhagic infarction. Since extracapital blood vessels in osteonecrotic femoral heads showed mild changes and the head of osteoarthrosis showed no vascular changes, the authors conclude that arteriopathy is a specific and primary condition in early ONFH and is implicated in the pathogenesis of ONFH.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of polylactic acid homopolymers as carriers for bone morphogenetic protein.

Polylactic acid (PLA) homopolymers with molecular weights of 105,000; 21,000; 3300; 650; and 160d (PLA105000, PLA21000, PLA3300, PLA650, and PLA160, respectively) were prepared and evaluated as carriers for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). Composites consisting of 4 mg of water-soluble, semipurified BMP and 100 mg of one of the PLA homopolymers were implanted into the dorsal muscles of mice. PLA105000/BMP, PLA21000/BMP, PLA3300/BMP, and PLA160/BMP composites failed to induce new bone formation; PLA105000, PLA21000, and PLA3300 elicited foreign-body reactions or chronic inflammation (or both), and PLA160 produced tissue necrosis. PLA650/BMP composites induced cartilage formation within one week and induced bone with hematopoietic marrow at three weeks postimplantation. PLA650/BMP composites were completely absorbed and replaced by new bone. The results suggest that within this group of PLA homopolymers, PLA650 may be the only type suitable for use as a BMP carrier.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Acute nongonococcal epididymitis--pharmacological and therapeutic aspects of levofloxacin].

We performed basic and clinical studies on the effects of a new oral quinolone derivative, levofloxacin (LVFX, Code No. DR 3355) which is an optical l-isomer of ofloxacin, in acute epididymitis. LVFX was administered in a dose of 200 mg to prostatic cancer patients 2 hours before operation. The mean concentration of LVFX in the tissues of testis and epididymis were 4.73 micrograms/g and 313-3.6 micrograms/g, respectively. Tissue/Serum ratios were 1.63 and 1.16-1.32, respectively. LVFX was administered in a dose of 100 mg three times daily for 13 days to healthy male volunteers. Semen and blood samples were taken 2 hrs after 7th and last day of administration. The concentration of LVFX in semen were 1.19 micrograms/ml (7th day) and 1.32 micrograms/ml (13th day). Semen/serum ratios were 1.12 and 1.26, respectively. No affection of LVFX on the sperm was observed. Antimicrobial activity of LVFX to C. trachomatis showed good MICs of 0.25-1.0 micrograms/ml. LVFX was administered in a dose of 100 mg two or three times daily for 14 days to 23 patients with acute epididymitis. The overall efficacy rate based on a criteria for acute epididymitis showed 100% (excellent: 16, good: 4, 20/20). A better efficacy rate was obtained on the 14th day than 7th day. No subjective or objective adverse reactions were observed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[Bacteriological and clinical studies on levofloxacin in male gonococcal urethritis].

We performed basic and clinical studies in male gonococcal urethritis on a new oral antimicrobial agent, levofloxacin (LVFX, DR-3355), a new quinolone derivative. The antibacterial activity of LVFX against clinical strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was roughly comparable to that of ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. LVFX was administered to 10 males with gonococcal urethritis, 200 mg twice a day (8 cases) or 100 mg twice a day for 3 days (2 cases). Clinical evaluation was made according to the criteria of the Japanese UTI Committee. Overall efficacy rate was 100% (10/10). In the complication of chlamydia trachomatis (2 cases), efficacy rate was 100% (2/2). No subjective or objective adverse reactions occurred.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Prostaglandin E2 exerts an awaking effect in the posterior hypothalamus at a site distinct from that mediating its febrile action in the anterior hypothalamus.

The precise sites for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-related activity responsible for the promotion of wakefulness and elevation of brain temperature were determined in several regions of the monkey brain. PGE2 was administered through a microdialysis probe into 11 brain loci mainly in the preoptic area/anterior hypothalamic region (POA/AH) and the tuberomammillary region in the posterior hypothalamus (TuM-PH). Administration of PGE2 into the POA/AH resulted in a marked and dose-dependent febrile response. When a low dose (15 pmol/min) of PGE2 was administered into the POA/AH, brain temperature increased significantly up to a 0.6 degrees C rise, but sleep behavior and amounts of time in wakefulness, slow wave sleep (SWS), and REM sleep during the administration period were not significantly different from those of the control monkeys. Dose of PGE2 above 150 pmol/min elevated the brain temperature and heart rate more markedly and suppressed sleep. The degree of inhibition of sleep by PGE2 was closely correlated with the changes in these autonomic responses. On the other hand, when a low dose of PGE2 was administered into the TuM-PH, the time spent awake during the administration period increased up to 3.5-fold and the amount of time spent in SWS decreased to 50% of that of the control level, with negligible changes in brain temperature and heart rate. The awaking response of PGE2 in the TuM-PH was also dose dependent, but was not correlated with the change in brain temperature. Among 11 brain regions tested, the hyperthermic effect of PGE2 was most potent in the POA, while its awaking effect was most pronounced in the TuM-PH close to the mammillary complex. These findings demonstrate that the site of action of PGE2 for the regulation of sleep-wakefulness is clearly distinct from that for the temperature regulation. PGE2 may be involved in the neurochemical mechanism of wakefulness mediated in a specific site in the PH.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Bone-fibrin mixture in spinal surgery.

When bone grafting is performed adjacent to the spinal cord, instability of the grafted bone can result in compression of the spinal cord. To prevent this complication, fibrin sealant was mixed with the fine fragments of autogeneic bone, and the resultant pastelike mixture was used as a graft material. Operative procedures performed were posterolateral fusion (11 cases), anterior fusion (seven cases), and grafting into the bone defect (one case). After solidification of fibrin sealant, the autogeneic bone grafts were found to be firmly fixed in place, resulting in good bony fusion, and there were none of the neurologic symptoms associated with graft instability. No neurotoxicity was observed in any of these patients. Fibrin sealant was found to be an effective material for spinal surgery.

Adult↗