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Biomedical subjects

K Ono

Publications and source records attributed to K Ono.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Acid base changes and muscle relaxants].

Previous publications have provided conflicting results concerning the effects of respiratory and metabolic acid base changes on the neuromuscular effects of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants. The varying results can be attributed not only to experimental design or species difference, but also to the accompanying changes in the pharmacokinetics in vivo. Using the phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation of rats, in which many variables of in vivo studies can be eliminated, respiratory and metabolic acid-base changes were induced by varying carbon dioxide (PCO2) and bicarbonate (HCO3) concentrations in the Krebs' solution and their effects on the potencies of muscle relaxants were compared. Decreasing pH by increasing Pco2 or by decreasing HCO3 increased the potencies of the monoquaternary relaxants (d-tubocurarine, vecuronium and rocuronium), while pH changes did not affect the potencies of the bisquaternary relaxants (metocurine, pancuronium and pipecuronium). Above difference between mono- and bisquaternary relaxants may reflect pH-induced changes in the ionization of the tertiary ammonium and resulting in changes in the sensitivity to the anionic nicotinic receptors. Neostigmine-induced antagonism was not affected by acid-base changes. These results in vitro were compared and correlated with the previous results in vivo.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1996

Neuron-glia interrelations during migration of Purkinje cells in the mouse embryonic cerebellum.

The interrelations between migratory Purkinje cells and radial glial processes were examined immunohistochemically and electron-microscopically in the fetal mouse cerebellum. Migratory Purkinje cells identified immunochemically with anti-spot 35 antibody were apposed to the presumed radial glial processes. Putative immature migratory Purkinje cells were apposed to the radial glial processes identified immunochemically with monoclonal antibody 1D11 or anti-tenascin antibody. Junctional specializations related to cell adhesion were observed at the sites of contact between the immature neurons and glial processes. Furthermore, coated vesicles and coated pits were noted in the contact region. These findings support the concept of contact guidance of migratory Purkinje cells by radial glial processes through cell adhesion, and also suggest the trophic interactions occurring at the region of contact.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Self-assessed quality of mastication in relation to remaining teeth and self-assessed health status in elderly persons].

To explore factors related to quality of mastication, information about teeth status and self-assessed health status were obtained by a self-administered questionnaire from participants in a dental screening program. Invitation letters for participation in the program were distributed by members of the neighborhood association to 1.275 residents of a town in Gifu prefecture aged 65 years or older. Participation rate in the dental screening program was 40.5%. A total of 513 participants (245 males and 268 females) completed the program and the questionnaire. The results were as follows. 1. Overall, 32% had 20 teeth or more and 88.4% had bridge(s) and/or denture(s). 2. The mean number of remaining teeth were 12.9 for males and 12.5 for females. There was no statistical difference in the number of remaining teeth between males and females. The mean numbers of remaining teeth among those aged 65-69 years was 15.7 and two thirds of them had lost the Lower First Molar. 3. Those who reported to be satisfied with their present mastication were 83.3% of men and 86.3% of women. The proportions were not influenced by age or sex. 4. Quality of mastication was related to self-reported "good physical condition' and "not easily tired'. 5. The proportion of those satisfied with their mastication was large in the groups with remaining teeth index 0-8 and > or = 17, and small in the group with remaining teeth index 9-16, showing a U-shaped curve for satisfaction rate against remaining teeth index. These results suggest a relationship of quality of mastication on health status. The importance of primary dental care for the elderly persons is underlined.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Lobectomy by video-assisted thoracic surgery for a hilar bronchial carcinoid tumor.

A 45-year-old man with bronchial carcinoid arising from the subsegmental middle-lobe bronchus was treated by video-assisted thoracic surgery. Lobectomy with mediastinal and hilar lymph node sampling was successfully performed in this patient. To obtain a tumor-free surgical margin on the middle-lobe bronchus, the interlobar pulmonary artery was retracted posteriorly, the middle-lobe bronchus anteriorly. The bronchus was then stapled and transected.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

[Genetic diagnosis of pelvic lymph node metastasis using fine needle aspiration samples in prostate cancer].

We have developed a highly sensitive method to detect pelvic lymph node metastasis using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers specific for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of pelvic lymph nodes was performed in 24 patients with prostate cancer. Each aspirated sample (0.05-0.1 ml) was divided into 2 parts; one for RNA extraction and RT-PCR to detect the fragment of PSA mRNA, and the other to smear on a slide glass for conventional cytology. The PSA gene was detected by RT-PCR in 11 FNAB samples which included not only all 6 cytologically positive and 2 cytologically class III cases but also 3 of 16 cytologically negative cases. The PSA gene was not detected by RT-PCR of FNAB samples in any of the 20 cases of bladder cancer. Thus RT-PCR for detection of the PSA gene in FNAB samples may be useful as a new diagnostic technique for detection of early lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer and an additional tool for cytological diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Rapidly progressing BOOP in a patient with positive anti-Jo-1 antibody: response to corticosteroid pulse and immunosuppressant therapy].

A 61-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a two week history of knee-joint pain, dry coughing and dyspnea on exertion. A chest roentgenogram revealed bilateral patchy and infiltrative shadows. Laboratory examination revealed high CK and aldolase levels. Although myositic symptoms were absent, the respiratory symptoms rapidly worsened and respiratory failure developed. An open-lung biopsy and a muscle biopsy were done. The open-lung biopsy specimen showed bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), but the muscle biopsy specimen revealed non-specific findings. After 4 weeks of intravenous intermittent high-dose corticosteroid therapy, 50mg of cyclophosphamide was given daily, along with 20mg of prednisolone on alternate days. There were marked clinical, physiological and roentgenographic improvements. A test for anti-Jo-1 antibody was positive, which suggested that this patients had pulmonary manifestations of polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Although BOOP can have an indolent course and a good prognosis, it may rapidly worsen and respiratory failure may develop, in which case it should be treated aggressively with a combination of intravenous high-dose corticosteroids and immunosuppressants.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1996

[Home oxygen therapy (HOT) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae--comparison between patients medically treated and those surgically treated].

In Japan there are about 40,000 patients under home oxygen therapy (HOT), of whom about 30 to 40% are pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae (TBS). These patients can be divided into three groups depending on the treatments they had, Group 1: those who had medical treatments only, Group 2: those who had artificial pneumothorax, and Group 3: those who had thoracoplasties or other surgical treatments. The purpose of this study was to observe the distributions and possible differences in the survival rates among these groups. The study included 1537 patients with TBS under HOT followed at National Hospitals and Sanatoriums nationwide in Japan. In 819 patients the treatments were specified and of those 354 were in Group 1, 29 in Group 2, and 436 in Group 3, so that the proportion of surgically treated patients in PTS was estimated between 28.4% (436/ 1537) to 53.2% (436/819). The ages at the onset of tuberculosis, at the start of HOT and the intervals in between were 36.6, 66.2 and 29.8 in Group 1, and 26.8, 65.5, and 38.1 in Group 3 respectively. Though the ages at the start of HOT were the same, those at the onset of tuberculosis were about ten years younger in Group 3 than in Group 1. Comparing Group 1 and 3, the survival rates after the initiation of HOT (Kaplan-Meier method) was better in Group 2 (surgically treated) than in Group 1 (medically treated). It is speculated that the reason could be a better preservation of the function of the remaining lung in the surgically treated and a higher incidence of obstructive impairments in the medically treated patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Seroepidemiology of five major zoonotic parasite infections in inhabitants of Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia.

We conducted a seroepidemiological survey of zoonotic parasite infection in inhabitants of East Java, Indonesia. The subjects of the survey were 244 persons selected from visitors to Sidoarjo City Hospital in East Java between May 1992 and October 1993. Ninety-seven had diarrhea and the rest came to the hospital for routine check-ups. All serum samples were tested for antibodies against five zoonotic parasites: Toxoplasma gondii, Entamoeba histolytica, Toxocara canis. Angiostrongylus cantonensis, and Anisakis species. Tests used were enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), latex agglutination (LA) test, indirect fluorescence antibody (IFA) test, hemagglutination (HA) test, and gel diffusion precipitation (GDP) test. Some 64% of the subjects had antibodies to T. gondii. The prevalence of antibodies to E. histolytica varied from 2 to 15% depending on the test, but the true rate was probably the 7% or 8% obtained by the HA and IFA tests. The proportions of subjects with positive results were 63% for T. canis, 17% for A. cantonensis, and 11% for the Anisakis spp. The prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii and T. canis was lower in subjects aged 1 to 9 years than in older subjects, probably because the persons in this group had less time to be infected. Antibody titers to A. cantonensis and the Anisakis spp. were high in the juvenile group, perhaps because recent changes in eating habits have increased opportunities for infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Seroepidemiological study of Toxocara infection in Nepal.

Seroepidemiological study of Toxocara infection in Nepalese people aged more than fourteen years was carried out by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using T. canis soluble embryonated egg antigen. Of the total 200 subjects included in this study, 162 (81%) were found to possess antibodies to Toxocara spp. Males showed higher (85%) antibody positive rates than females (77%). Inhabitants of Kathmandu valley showed higher antibody positive rates (84%) compared with those living outside of the valley (78%). These differences, however, were not significant statistically (p > 0.05). Ethnically, Newar, Rai/Limbu, Tamang/Sherpa, Brahmin/Chhetri, Jha/Yadavs, and others (Kami, Damai) showed Toxocara antibody positive rates of 85, 85, 83, 70, 77 and 100%, respectively. Half of the Toxocara antibody positive subjects (49%) showed an elevated level (two plus) of antibody.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Truncation of the receptor carboxyl terminus impairs membrane signaling but not ligand binding of human ETB endothelin receptor.

Human ETB endothelin receptor (hETBR) is a heptahelical G-protein-coupled receptor consisting of 442 amino acids whose carboxyl (C)-intracellular region has four and twelve sites for potential palmitoylation and phosphorylation, respectively. In order to elucidate the functional roles of these modification sites, we constructed a series of C-terminal truncated hETBRs and expressed them in Ltk- cells. All the truncated hETBRs showed ligand-binding profiles similar to those of the wild-type hETBR. The truncated receptors holding Cys-402 retained both normal intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) response and its rapid desensitization; however, the deleted receptors lacking Cys-402 failed to induce the [Ca2+]i response. These results showed that Cys-402 of hETBR is necessary for its intracellular calcium signaling and that at least ten of twelve putative phosphorylation sites are irresponsible for the agonist-induced desensitization.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Establishment and evaluation of MRK16-magnetic cell sorting assays for detecting low expression of multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein using human leukemia cell lines and peripheral blood cells from healthy donors.

Two types of magnetic cell sorting assays, termed MRK16-MACS and MRK16-MACS-FACS, have been established to detect low expression level of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) using a monoclonal antibody MRK16, which recognizes a cell surface epitope of P-gp. With K-562 and U-937 cell lines, which are known to express low levels of P-gp and hence routinely used as negative control cell lines in conventional flow cytometry, both assays gave significantly positive reactivities indicating improved specificity and sensitivity of these assays. The findings in the dilution test, where P-gp-positive cells were added to P-gp-negative cells at various ratios, demonstrated that the MRK16-MACS assay is quantitative and capable of detecting small numbers of P-gp-positive cells as few as 2.5% of the total cells tested. Furthermore, specific enrichment of P-gp-expressing cells in magnetic cell sorting assays was verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and functional assay for P-gp with Rhodamine 123. The availability of such magnetic cell sorting assays may offer an approach to quantitate low level of P-gp expression.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1995

Vertebral body replacement with a ceramic prosthesis for metastatic spinal tumors.

STUDY DESIGN: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcome of vertebral replacement surgery with our unique ceramic prosthesis for spinal metastases. OBJECTIVES: To indicate the results of vertebral replacement surgery with a ceramic prosthesis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Spinal metastasis often involves the vertebral bodies, of which abnormal fracture causes intractable pain and paresis. For such conditions, laminectomy or irradiation can have no effect because they do not improve spinal stability. Autogenous bone or bone cement are not durable materials, and fatigue fracture of the implanted material occasionally occurs. We developed a simple prosthesis made of alumina ceramic, a bioinert material, to replace the affected vertebrae. There has not been such a large study to assess vertebral replacement surgery with a ceramic prosthesis. METHODS: From 1972 to 1993, 90 ceramic prostheses were used in 84 patients with spinal metastasis, and the average follow-up period was 26.2 months. The primary tumor was thyroid cancer in 13 patients, breast cancer in 12, multiple myeloma in eight, renal cell cancer in eight, gastrointestinal cancer in eight, and lung cancer in eight. The clinical symptoms were assessed before and after surgery, and the maintenance of operative gain was investigated. RESULTS: Pain relief was achieved in 94%, motor function improved in 81%, and ambulation recovered in 64%. There were no serious complications associated with the procedure, and the operative benefit was maintained until the terminal stage in the vast majority of patients. CONCLUSIONS: In selected patients, vertebral replacement using our prosthesis proved to be a useful procedure, effectively managing the severe spinal pain or neurologic deficits associated with vertebral body destruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

University of Wisconsin solution preserves myocardial calcium current response to isoproterenol in isolated canine ventricular myocytes.

BACKGROUND: University of Wisconsin (UW) solution has been shown to be an effective solution for cold storage of various organs. This study was designed to evaluate the subcellular protective mechanism of UW solution during cardiac myocyte storage using patch-clamp techniques for the first time as a tool for the detection of myocyte viability. METHODS AND RESULTS: The protective effects of UW solution on the preservation of dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channel current response to catecholamine were evaluated in canine cardiac ventricular cells by measurement of single channel open probability. Single ventricular myocytes were isolated and stored in UW solution, in Stanford (SF) solution, or in St Thomas' (ST) solution at 4 degrees C for 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours, and after each storage period, recordings were made of cell-attached single Ca2+ channel currents. When 0.1 mumol/L isoproterenol was applied, percent mean open probability of the Ca2+ channel tested in freshly isolated cells was 167 +/- 4% (n = 24) of controls (100%). The response was decrescent with increased duration of the hypothermic storage and was only 130 +/- 12% (n = 4) after 24 hours of storage in SF solution and 135 +/- 9% (n = 7) in ST solution. However, it was significantly highly preserved as much as 165 +/- 9% (n = 6) in UW solution. Ca2+ channel kinetics and channel conductance were not changed after up to 24 hours of hypothermic storage. CONCLUSIONS: Hypothermic storage of canine cardiac myocytes in UW solution preserved beta-adrenergic response, which suggests that UW solution during cold storage preserved high-energy phosphates in myocytes that are responsible for Ca2+ channel phosphorylations.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1995

Postoperative cervical pseudomeningocele with herniation of the spinal cord.

STUDY DESIGN: This is a report of a patient in whom spinal cord herniation into a pseudomeningocele resulted in progressive myelopathy. OBJECTIVE: To describe the outcome of a 59-year-old man who visited Osaka University Hospital complaining of gait disturbance. He had undergone cervical laminectomy to resect a spinal cord tumor 14 years previously. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Pseudomeningocele is an extremely rare condition and can be overlooked. In addition, cord herniation into the pseudomeningocele rarely can be diagnosed before surgical exploration. Our patient represents the first case we are aware of in which magnetic resonance imaging could clearly demonstrate not only the pseudomeningocele, but the herniation of the cord into the cyst. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging was used for preoperative and postoperative investigation. RESULTS: The pseudomeningocele was resected to improve the neurologic status of the patient. During the operation, the herniated cord was successfully reduced into the original subarachnoid space by the release of adhesion. Most symptoms subsided soon after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging could delineate not only the cyst and cord herniation, but the medullary pathology. The distribution of high-intensity areas on T2-weighted images suggested the cord damage. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance imaging revealed not only the cyst and cord herniation, but medullary pathology, too.

Hernia↗