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Biomedical subjects

K Onishi

Publications and source records attributed to K Onishi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[The value of F-waves in an early electrodiagnosis of the lower cervical cord infarction].

In a case of infarction in the lower cervical spinal cord, F-waves were lost in the paralyzed hand muscles 48 hours after the onset, in spite of normal compound muscle action potentials (CMAP). Subsequently the amplitude of CMAP decreased markedly in size 14 days later, when needle EMG revealed acute denervation. At 11 days after the onset MRI demonstrated a linear lesion in the ventral portion of the lower cervical spinal cord suggesting ischemia. Thus, the loss of F-waves is useful in early diagnosis of the lower cervical spinal cord infarction, which reflects the decrease in the excitability of the anterior horn cells taking place soon after ischemic insult.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1996

Restoration of ischemic contractile failure of indo-1-loaded guinea pig heart by a calcium sensitizer, MCI-154.

We investigated the effect of a new Ca++ sensitizer, MCI-154, which is known to increase myofibrillar Ca++ sensitivity and maximal Ca(++)-activated force, on Ca++ transients and left ventricular (LV) function in indo-1-loaded Langendorff guinea plg hearts subjected to a reduction in coronary perfusion pressure from 80 to 40 mm Hg. During low-flow ischemia, LV contractility decreased by 50%, whereas systolic and diastolic indo-1 fluorescence ratios increased by 10%. The treatment with MCI-154 (10(-10) to 10(-6) M) 15 min after ischemia effectively restored the depressed LV function with little effect on indo-1 ratio. EMD 53998 (10(-9) to 10(-6) M), which also acts on maximal Ca(++)-activated force, restored LV function with a minimal impact on indo-1 ratio, but at 10(-5) M, EMD 53998 caused diastolic dysfunction, and its beneficial effect on systolic function disappeared. The relation between indo-1 ratio and LV contractility showed that MCI-154 and EMD 53998 restored ischemic contractile failure by Ca(++)-sensitizing action. It was noted that the restoration of LV dysfunction by MCI-154 or EMD 53998 was more pronounced than that by pimobendan, which acts primarily on Ca++ sensitivity. In contrast, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor milrinone restored LV function, but it doubled the increase in indo-1 ratio during ischemia. These findings suggest that a decrease in myofilament Ca++ responsiveness may be an important cause of ischemic contractile failure and that the restoration of depressed Ca++ responsiveness by intervention such as MCI-154 may be a promising approach for restoring the depressed function.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Intra-operative scalp expansion for wound closure without tension in craniosynostosis operation--technical innovation.

Primary scalp wound closure using intra-operative scalp expansion in a craniosynostosis operation is described. Since this method enables easy scalp expansion, it is considered to be a useful adjunctive technique which should be taken into account when closing scalp wounds in craniosynostosis surgery, where the risk exists of cranial expansion-induced compression and deformity of the remodelled bone flaps after bone fixation.

Craniosynostoses↗
PubMed1995

A new lunch box-type method in umbilical reconstruction.

A simple and easy technique for reconstruction of the umbilicus was devised, with emphasis on forming walls of the umbilicus and a depression in a caudal direction. A quite satisfactory result was obtained. A permanent and sufficient depression for the umbilicus can be expected as a result of three-dimensional formation of walls.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Use of temporary miniplate for fixation in cases of mandibular fracture.

Luhr miniplate is used for temporary fixation and adjustment so that ideal occlusion and fracture alignment can be achieved. In this procedure, the lower edge of the mandible is first temporarily fixed, and precise bone alignment is achieved through dynamic compression using the temporary miniplate. Afterward, one or more miniplates are attached on the ideal line to maintain structural integrity during bone restoration. This method is a simple restoration technique that allows temporary auxiliary fixation to assist precise attachment of the manipulative miniplate. No special instrument or devices are required. It is, therefore, quite beneficial as an auxiliary technique for reconstructive surgery of this type.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1995

Percutaneous endoscopic sinus surgery for frontal sinusitis or a cyst.

Using percutaneous endoscopic surgery, we achieved good results in patients with frontal sinus cyst. The surgical procedure is described and discussed. The endoscopic system consisted of a needle-shaped rigid fiberscope (direct-vision and angle-vision types [30 degrees, 90 degrees]) 1.7 mm in diameter with a light source. A small incision was made at the eyebrow, the sinus was cleaned, and an opposite hole was made through the existing wound. This procedure permitted less invasive surgery under direct view of the surgical field compared with conventional percutaneous transnasal frontal sinus procedures. Postoperative patency of the sinus was also satisfactory. This percutaneous endoscopic procedure was designed for surgical maneuvers in the frontal sinus through a small, 3- to 5-mm incision. This technique is considered effective for the treatment of inflammatory disorders of the frontal sinus caused by positional abnormalities after trauma or recurrence after conservative transnasal surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Endoscopic excision of forehead osteoma.

The endoscopic excision of a forehead osteoma is reported. This method leaves no scars in the forehead, results in positive excision of the tumor, and involves no complications such as nerve damage or vascular injury with direct endoscopic vision. It is considered to be an excellent procedure with respect to cosmetic results.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed1995

Effectiveness of nilvadipine in two cases of chronic schizophrenia.

Nilvadipine is a calcium channel inhibitor used commonly for the treatment of cerebrovascular insufficiency. We observed two patients with schizophrenia whose psychiatric symptoms and tardive dyskinesia improved after the addition of nilvadipine to their antipsychotic drug regimen. The total score of the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) in case 1 fell from 56 to 42 after 8 weeks on nilvadipine; while that of case 2 fell from 44 to 32. The total score of the abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS) in case 2 decreased from 12 to 7. No adverse effects occurred during treatment. Nilvadipine may thus offer a new approach to the adjunctive treatment of schizophrenia.

Calcium Channel Blockers↗
PubMed1995

Sentence comprehension in multiple sclerosis.

INTRODUCTION: Explanations of sentence processing difficulty in aphasia have implicated slowed information processing speed. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating sentence comprehension in multiple sclerosis (MS), and relating comprehension performance to measures of information processing speed. MATERIAL & METHODS: Twenty right-handed, high school-educated, non-demented, native English speakers with clinically definite MS and 16 age- and education-matched control subjects were examined on 3 different sentence comprehension measures that stress grammatical appreciation. Performance was related to quantitative assessments of mental information processing speed. RESULTS: Group-wide analyses demonstrated a trend toward sentence comprehension difficulty in MS. Analyses of individual patient profiles identified a subgroup of MS patients who were consistently impaired to a significant extent across all sentence comprehension tasks. Their sentence comprehension difficulty was associated with selectively compromised mental information processing speed. CONCLUSION: Sentence comprehension difficulty in MS is associated with slowed information processing speed. This finding supports the claim that information processing speed contributes to sentence processing.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

An aspect of sentence processing in Alzheimer's disease: quantifier-noun agreement.

We assessed sentence processing in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with measures of sentence-picture matching, grammaticality judgments of sentences, and sentence completion. The results demonstrated significant and consistent difficulty with a grammatical feature of sentences on all three experiments. This impairment could not be explained by factors such as sentence length, dementia severity, or a short-term memory deficit and was independent of difficulty interpreting the meanings of words. We hypothesize that AD patients are impaired at appreciating the conceptual relations that underlie certain grammatical features of sentences.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Phonologic processing deficits in Alzheimer's disease.

We investigated phonologic production in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) on a repetition task. AD patients produced significantly more speech errors than age-matched controls. AD patients' errors, unlike those of controls, resulted in the transformation of real words into pseudowords, occurred disproportionately in word-initial positions, and were not influenced by the phonologic environment. This pattern of errors suggests a lexical phonologic retrieval deficit in AD.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[The association of the disease activity of rheumatoid factor positive vasculitis and the level of rheumatoid factor].

Rheumatoid factor (RF), an autoantibody against the Fc portion of denatured IgG, has long been recognized as an important biologic marker not only for rheumatoid arthritis but also for other auto-immune diseases. In this study, we measured the level of serum RF in four patients with RF positive systemic vasculitis using laser nephelometry. Three patients were diagnosed as polyarteritis nodosa and the other patient was diagnosed as systemic vasculitis without the finding of typical necrotizing vasculitis from biopsies. In the result, we found that the level of RF paralleled the disease activity in these cases. When active phase of the disease, the level of RF showed very high, and after the treatment combined with plasmapheresis, corticosteroid and immunosuppressive agent, the level of RF decreased in accordance with CRP, ESR and clinical features. These suggested that RF was the disease specific marker for RF positive vasculitis and beneficial informations for proper diagnosis and better treatment could be provided by measurement of the level of RF in patients with RF positive systemic vasculitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[The use of TM HAKEN plate in craniofacial surgery].

Rigid internal fixation using mini/micro plate has become a frequent application in cranio-maxillo-facial surgery. In order to make plate fixation easier and reduce operative time, the TM HAKEN plate, a kind of micro plate, was devised which has a thorny HAKEN like an ice pick and applied to cranio-facial surgery. The plate is made of titanium, and th HAKEN and screw are made of titanium alloy. These allow contoured engagement in all three dimensions due to the flexibility of titanium, and firm fixation due to the physical strength of titanium alloy, resulting in minimized artifact on CT scan and MRI images. The fixation is accomplished by just driving in the plate with a hammer, and using screws. In the case of wide operative field, the plate is driven in directly, while in the case of small field, the plate is driven in with an impactor. TM HAKEN plate has been used for osteosynthesis in 39 cases of craniofacial surgery at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Toho University Hospital between September 1992 and September 1994. Of the 39 cases, 19 were cranioplasty using frozen preserved auto-carvarial bone, 9 were midface fractures, 6 were fixation of free bone grafting, and 5 were fixation of artificial bone (hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate composite ceramics) grafting. Satisfactory results were obtained in all cases without any difficult complications such as infection, exposure or migration. In addition, reliable post-operative evaluations and follow-ups were possible with reduced artifact on CT scan and MRI images.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1994

Rapid detection of virus genome from imported dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever patients by direct polymerase chain reaction.

Serum specimens from patients with imported dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever were directly subjected to reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) without any RNA purification. The amplified virus genome was detected within 3 hours. The results of PCR corresponded closely to the results of virus isolation using cultured mosquito cells, suggesting that direct RT-PCR procedure greatly facilitates rapid diagnosis of dengue infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Immediate breast reconstruction with the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap (TRAM-flap)].

The surgical treatment of breast cancer shows a recent trend toward breast-saving procedures, in consideration of quality and body image. Surgeons who performed mastectomy, however, have not taken aggressive approaches to reconstructive surgery, leaving this to plastic surgeons. We adopted the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap (TRAM-flap) for breast reconstruction in 1988 and performed immediate breast reconstructions in 37 cases. There were no major complications, and good cosmetic results were obtained. For general surgeons, this excellent technique can safely cope with tissue defects in radical mastectomy, as well as modified radical mastectomy. Immediate breast reconstruction with this technique will be an integral part of breast cancer surgery in company with breast-saving surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Reoperation in patients with thymoma].

For past seven years, reoperations were carried out for six patients with thymoma and myasthenia gravis (MG). Of six patients, five patients were suspected recurrent thymoma and remaining one patient was diagnosed as the residual thymus after thymothymectomy or thymomectomy. Myasthenia gravis has been progressing in five patients after initial operation except for one patient. Two cases of pleural dissemination tumors, one case of local recurrent thymoma and one case of the residual thymus were confirmed by surgery, remaining two patients had no recurrent tumor. As surgical procedure, median sternotomy using for reoperation has a great surgical risk, because left brachiocephalic vein closely adhered to the sternum is apt to be injured. Clinical symptoms of MG were improved in all the patients after reoperation regardless of recurrent tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Total arch replacement for dissecting aneurysm using permanent bypass to the supra-aortic branches and left-heart bypass].

The patient was a 36-year-old women with Marfan syndrome who had received graft replacement of ascending aorta for Stanford-type A dissecting aneurysm two years ago. She was re-operated on for residual arch and descending aortic dissection. We have found that it was Simple and effective to perform total arch replacement by using permanent bypass to the three principal supra-aortic branches and left-heart bypass.

Adult↗