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Biomedical subjects

K Olness

Publications and source records attributed to K Olness.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Hypnotherapy: a cyberphysiologic strategy in pain management.

Children have the capacity to learn cyberphysiologic strategies in pain management. Training in such strategies can be accomplished in one to four training sessions, depending on the type of pain problems. Even in an acute emergency situation, children can benefit from informal hypnotic and biofeedback techniques. Both clinical and laboratory studies confirm the ability of children to self-regulate specific autonomic functions such as control of peripheral temperature and GSR. Such skills can be used to demonstrate to children the connections between changes in thinking and changes in body responses and pave the way for development of skills in self-regulation of pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Self-regulation of salivary immunoglobulin A by children.

In a prospective randomized controlled study, the possibility that children could regulate their own salivary immunoglobulins was investigated using cyberphysiologic techniques. Fifty-seven children were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Group A subjects learned self-hypnosis with permission to increase immune substances in saliva as they chose; group B subjects learned self-hypnosis with specific suggestions for control of saliva immunoglobulins; group C subjects were given no instructions but received equal attention time. At the first visit, saliva samples (baseline) were collected, and each child looked at a videotape concerning the immune system and was tested with the Stanford Children's Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale. At the second visit, an initial saliva sample was collected prior to 30 minutes of self-hypnosis practice or conversation. At the conclusion of the experiment, a third saliva sample was obtained. Salivary IgA and IgG levels for all groups were stable from the first to the second sampling. Children in group B demonstrated a significant increase in IgA (P less than .01) during the experimental period. There were no significant changes in IgG. Stanford Children's Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale scores were stable across groups and did not relate to immunoglobulin changes.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Loiasis in an expatriate American child: diagnostic and treatment difficulties.

On the basis of this experience, we recommend the following when faced with possible filariasis in an expatriate from Western Central Africa: (1) Attempt a clinical differentiation between L loa and other filarial infections present in West Africa. It is important to suspect loiasis because this is the only filarial infection that is readily curable; (2) ophthalmologic assessment to diagnose onchocerciasis; (3) if L loa is suspected, thick blood smears should be obtained from midmorning to midafternoon and stained with Giemsa or hematoxylin stains, after a concentration technique is used. Nighttime blood specimens should be obtained if the patient has been in an area where W. bancrofti is prevalent; (4) skin snip biopsies prepared as follows: Bilateral symmetrical skin snips should be taken. In the case of suspected West African filariasis, the pelvic girdle, iliac crest, and back of scapula are thought to have the highest yield. One snip from each of six different sites should be obtained. Each skin snip should be approximately 2 to 3 mm (a cornealoscleral biopsy forceps can be used). Each skin snip is placed in 100 microL (approximately one drop) of normal saline in a flat-bottomed microtiter plate. The plate is incubated at room temperature and checked periodically for 24 hours under a dissecting microscope (X20 to X40). If present, the small worms will be seen wiggling and squirming in the drop of saline; (5) serologic diagnostic methods are most efficient if human filarial antigens are used; (6) if treatment is with diethylcarbamazine, the initial dose should be small.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cameroon↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of self-hypnosis and propranolol in the treatment of juvenile classic migraine.

In a prospective study we compared propranolol, placebo, and self-hypnosis in the treatment of juvenile classic migraine. Children aged 6 to 12 years with classic migraine who had no previous specific treatment were randomized into propranolol (at 3 mg/kg/d) or placebo groups for a 3-month period and then crossed over for 3 months. After this 6-month period, each child was taught self-hypnosis and used it for 3 months. Twenty-eight patients completed the entire study. The mean number of headaches per child for 3 months during the placebo period was 13.3 compared with 14.9 during the propranolol period and 5.8 during the self-hypnosis period. Statistical analysis showed a significant association between decrease in headache frequency and self-hypnosis training (P = .045). There was no significant change in subjective or objective measures of headache severity with either therapy.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1984

Height and weight status of Indochinese refugee children. An anthropometric study of 1,650 children.

To provide guidelines for assessing growth status of Indochinese refugee children, height and weight measurements were obtained from 1,650 children residing in Lao refugee camps, Cambodian refugee camps, and surrounding Thai villages. These are compared with the few existing growth references for Asian children. In comparison to US growth standards (National Center for Health Statistics/Centers for Disease Control) for children, the mean weight for age and mean height for age of the studied groups are approximately 2 SDs below US means. Weight for height is 0.7 SD below US means. This marked difference in growth status appears to be due to nutritional factors related more to cultural or economic issues affecting these children than to their genetic background. The US growth standards can serve as reference tools in evaluating the growth status of newly arrived Southeast Asian children, if used with the perspective that Southeast Asian children, on a group basis, have different distributions on US growth curves.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Chronic constipation in children: can it be managed by diet alone?

Chronic constipation is a common childhood problem. In a study of 60 children aged 2 to 12 years, a special diet that involved daily intake of raw bran and high-fiber foods and exclusion of milk and other constipating foods was found to be successful. Within six weeks, the problem resolved in all 60 patients. Milk and other restricted foods were returned slowly to the diet if they were found not to be a contributing factor to constipation. We believe our clinical observations support the prescription of a special diet for childhood constipation. For patients in whom specified organic causes have been excluded, we recommend a trial of this diet before other, more complex therapeutic efforts are undertaken. Implementation of the diet necessitates careful explanation to the child and family, as well as long-term follow-up.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Enuresis: a contrast of attitudes of parents and physicians.

Questionnaires were used to survey 1,435 parents and 446 physicians in order to determine and compare attitudes and beliefs about enuresis. Although both groups thought that bed-wetting is a maturational problem, the parent group thought emotional causes were important and were less likely to accept small bladder size as an etiology. Parents thought that children should be dry at a much younger age than did the physicians (2.75 vs 5.13 years, respectively). Only 63% of parents thought that medical intervention is a good way to deal with a child's bed-wetting, yet 87% of the physicians suggested medical evaluation. A comparison of the various methods used to stop bed-wetting indicated that parents use waking the child, reassurance and talking with the child, restricting fluids, and punishment significantly more often than physicians. Although many physicians prescribe medication, only 6.6% of the parents thought that medicines are a "very good way" to treat enuresis. When developing a treatment plan for a child with enuresis, the physician should recognize the wide differences between parental and physician attitudes toward this common problem of childhood.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1981

Imagery (self-hypnosis) as adjunct therapy in childhood cancer: clinical experience with 25 patients.

Clinical experience with 25 pediatric cancer patients referred by oncologists for imagery exercises (self-hypnosis) at Minneapolis Children's Health Center suggests that this modality is valuable adjunct therapy for symptom relief, such as reduction of pain and nausea, especially among those patients who begin these exercises at the time of their initial diagnosis. Twenty-one of these patients agreed to use the exercises and 19 demonstrated substantial symptom relief associated with their practice. This experience suggests the need for more research regarding the optimal use of this modality in children with cancer, and for better understanding of how psychological factors contribute, if at all to the development and course of malignancies. A 5-year prospective study of imagery as adjunct therapy in childhood cancer is now in process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Biofeedback: a new modality in the management of children with fecal soiling.

Fifty children and adolescents who had severe fecal incontinence associated with either imperforate anus surgery in infancy or longstanding functional constipation were given biofeedback training for the purpose of achieving anal sphincter control. Feedback was in the form of oscilloscope tracings which the children learned to produce by contracting small air-filled balloons positioned at the internal and external anal sphincters. Forty-seven of these patients learned to have voluntary bowel movements, and 30 eliminated soiling accidents completely during follow-up periods ranging from six months to three years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Self-hypnosis, biofeedback, and voluntary peripheral temperature control in children.

Forty-eight children, aged 5 to 15 years, were tested for their ability to raise and lower their index finger temperature with self-hypnosis and/or biofeedback. Group A (self-hypnosis only) and group B (self-hypnosis with biofeedback) were children who had previous successful experience with self-hypnosis (eg, for the treatment of enuresis, pain, asthma, or obesity). Group C (biofeedback only) were children with no experience with hypnosis. All three groups showed significant success with warming and cooling. The range of warming for the three groups was 0 to 3.7 F, and for cooling, 0 to 7.3 F or 0 to 8.8 F for attempts exceeding the ten-minute trial period. No significant difference in ability to warm or cool was noted when the children were compared by group, age, or sex. Some of the children in group A who had little or no success with hypnosis only were very successful with the addition of biofeedback monitoring, suggesting a synergistic effect between biofeedback and hypnosis. A significant temperature rise was also noted in groups A and B accompanying a neutral hypnotic induction relaxation-imagery exercise in which no mention of temperature change was made. This rise varied from 0 to 6 F, averaging 1.7 F. Possible therapeutic implications include the treatment of migraine headaches, Raynaud's syndrome, sickle cell anemia, and the use of temperature monitoring as a diagnostic and therapeutic adjunct to clinical hypnosis.

Adolescent↗