Biomedical subjects

K Okano

Publications and source records attributed to K Okano.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Colocalization of baculovirus IE-1 and two DNA-binding proteins, DBP and LEF-3, to viral replication factories.

We have recently identified a DNA-binding protein (DBP) from the baculovirus Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) which can destabilize double-stranded DNA (V. S. Mikhailov, A. L. Mikhailova, M. Iwanaga, S. Gomi, and S. Maeda, J. Virol. 72:3107-3116, 1998). DBP was found to be an early gene product that was not present in budded or occlusion-derived virions. In order to characterize the localization of DBP during viral replication, BmNPV-infected BmN cells were examined by immunostaining and confocal microscopy with DBP antibodies. DBP first appeared as diffuse nuclear staining at 4 to 6 h postinfection (p.i.) and then localized to several specific foci within the nucleus at 6 to 8 h p.i. After the onset of viral DNA replication at around 8 h p.i., these foci began to enlarge and eventually occupied more than half of the nucleus by 14 h p.i. After the termination of viral DNA replication at about 20 h p.i., the DBP-stained regions appeared to break down into approximately 100 small foci within the nucleus. At 8 h p.i., the distribution of DBP as well as that of IE-1 or LEF-3 (two proteins involved in baculovirus DNA replication) overlapped well with that of DNA replication sites labeled with bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Double-staining experiments with IE-1 and DBP or IE-1 and LEF-3 further confirmed that, between 8 and 14 h p.i., the distribution of IE-1 and LEF-3 overlapped with that of DBP. However, IE-1 localized to the specific foci prior to DBP or LEF-3 at 4 h p.i. In the presence of aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, immature foci containing IE-1, LEF-3, and DBP were observed by 8 h p.i. However, the subsequent enlargement of these foci was completely suppressed, suggesting that the enlargement depended upon viral DNA replication. At 4 h p.i., the number of IE-1 foci correlated with the multiplicity of infection (MOI) between 0.4 and 10. At higher MOIs (e.g., 50), the number of foci plateaued at around 15. These results suggested that there are about 15 preexisting sites per nucleus which are associated with the initiation of viral DNA replication and assembly of viral DNA replication factories.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Characterization of baculovirus repeated open reading frames (bro) in Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus.

The baculovirus Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) contains five related open reading frames (ORFs). Recent sequence analyses of several other baculovirus genomes reveal that these ORFs belong to a unique multigene family called the baculovirus repeated ORFs (bro) family. Here we have characterized these five genes from BmNPV at the transcriptional and translational levels. Reverse transcription-PCR and primer extension analyses indicated that transcription of all bro genes occurs by 2 to 4 h postinfection (p.i.) and reaches maximal levels between at 8 and 12 h p.i. Transcription of all genes is initiated between 50 and 70 nucleotides upstream of the start codon, at a characteristic C(T)AGT motif. Expression of a cat reporter gene under the control of each bro promoter provides evidence that a viral factor(s) is required for the transcription of all bro genes. Immunoblot analysis indicated that a population of BRO proteins is produced vigorously between at 8 and 14 h p.i. Immunohistochemical analysis by confocal microscopy showed that BRO proteins are localized in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm at 8 h p.i. Four BmNPV mutants, in which the bro-a, bro-b, bro-c, and bro-e genes were individually inactivated, were successfully isolated. However, exhaustive efforts failed to isolate a bro-d-deficient mutant. Similarly, it was not possible to isolate a double-deletion bro-a bro-c mutant. The bro-d gene may play an irreplaceable functional role(s) during viral infection, while bro-a and bro-c may functionally complement each other.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1999

The effects of various GTP analogues on microtubule assembly.

We synthesized 27 GTP analogues with modification or substitution at positions C2, C6, C8 and ribose moiety to investigate their effect on microtubule (Mt) assembly. It was found that C2 and C6 are both functional for the analogues supporting Mt assembly. It was surprising to find that 2-amino- ATP (n2ATP) substantially supports assembly, and that the appearance of the assembled Mts was indistinguishable from those assembled in the standard GTP assembly buffer solution. Furthermore, 2-amino dATP and dGTP are even more potent than GTP in supporting assembly. The substitution of oxo group at C6 with reactive thiol largely reduced the activity of the analogue to support assembly. When free rotation of the glycosidic linkage of GTP was blocked by the introduction of sulfur atom between C8 and C2' of ribose moiety, it resulted in total suppression of assembly. Purine nucleoside triphosphate was found to support assembly better than GTP, and even more efficient was 2-amino purine nucleoside triphosphate. Interestingly, their deoxy-type analogues were totally inhibitory. Although 2-amino 8-hydroxy ATP and other analogues supported assembly much better than did GTP, their diphosphate analogues were totally incapable of supporting assembly. Finally, bulky fluorescent probes were introduced at C3' of ribose moiety (Mant-8-Br-GTP or Mant-GTP) to visualize the fluorescent signal in assembled Mts. Even in this case, the number of most protofilaments was found to be 14, consistent with that found in Mts assembled in GTP standard buffer solution.

Adenine Nucleotides↗

PubMed1999

Effect of 22-oxa-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human thyroid cancer cell growth.

To examine whether synthetic vitamin D3 analog, 22-oxa-1,25(OH)2D3 (OCT) has an inhibitory effect on the growth of thyroid carcinoma, we tested the in vitro and in vivo effects of OCT on the growth of a well-differentiated thyroid cancer cell line, NPA. OCT bound to its receptor at the same rate as 1,25(OH)2D3, and inhibited the proliferation of NPA cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, similar to that observed with 1,25 (OH)2D3. Northern blot analysis showed that steady-state and fetal bovine serum-stimulated levels of c-myc mRNA were suppressed after 0.5-4 hour treatment with OCT. Transfection studies with the deletion mutants of the 5'-up-stream flanking region of c-myc/chloramphenicol acetyltransferase chimera genes indicated the presence of an OCT responsive element between -410 and -106. Next, we examined OCT effects in implanted NPA tumor cells in nude mice. OCT showed no remarkable hypercalcemic effect compared to 1, 25 (OH2)D3, but OCT and 1, 25 (OH2)D3, had no significant inhibitory effect in vivo after either intra-tumor or intra-peritoneum injection. Our results demonstrate that OCT inhibits the proliferation of well-differentiated thyroid cancer in an in vitro system associated with the suppression of c-myc mRNA, but this inhibitory effect was not reproducible in in vivo model.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

[The detection of apoptosis cells by TUNEL stain in peripheral blood smears].

We have determined the fixative conditions for TUNEL stain in peripheral blood smears. Murine IL-3 dependent B cell line (BAF-3) was used as positive control. The intensity of fixing solutions effected on the positivity/negativity for TUNEL stain. Alive cells showed positivity for TUNEL stain (false positive), when 70% methyl alcohol, acetone or carnoy fluid was used. In contrast to the strong fixation by high concentrated glutaraldehyde and the phosphate buffer, denatured cells showed to be negative (false negative). The fixation by 0.4% glutaraldehyde and 70% methyl alcohol for 15 min at room temperature, followed by the treatment by 20 micrograms/ml proteinase K for 15 min at 37 degrees C was most suitable for TUNEL stain to detect the apoptotic cells in peripheral blood smears. The frequency of TUNEL positive cells increased significantly in peripheral blood cells treated by apoptosis induced reagents, or infected by CMV. This is a new approach for the techniques to detect the apoptotic cells in peripheral blood smears.

Apoptosis↗

PubMed1999

[Metabolism of 123I-FP-CIT in humans].

The metabolism of N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (123I) (123I-FP-CIT) in healthy humans was studied. Plasma and urine samples, obtained after i.v. administration of 123I-FP-CIT, were analyzed using the two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography technique. Eleven radiochemical components were detected in both plasma and urine, and four of them were the parent 123I-FP-CIT and its metabolites, N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2 beta-carboxy-3 beta-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (123I) (123I-acid), 2 beta-carboxy-3 beta-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (123I) (123I-nor-acid) and 2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (123I) (123I-nor-CIT). These four identified radiochemical components occupied about 80% or more in ratio of the radiochemical components in the plasma and urine. In the metabolites of 123I-FP-CIT, the high polar metabolites--123I-acid and 123I-nor-acid--were found to be the major components, while lipophilic 123I-nor-CIT was a minor component. Free iodide (123I-) was not found in the plasma or urine. Thus, the main metabolic reactions which 123I-FP-CIT undergoes in humans seem to be hydrolysis of the ester bond and N-dealkylation. In vivo deiodination of 123I-FP-CIT was found to be minimum. Current results suggest that the metabolites of 123I-FP-CIT hardly influence evaluation of the dopamine transporter in the human brain.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Macroscopic intrabiliary growth of liver metastases from colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: The clinicopathologic features of colorectal liver metastases that invade the bile duct were evaluated. METHODS: From 1992 to 1996, 149 patients who underwent a first hepatic resection were studied for a total of 377 colorectal liver metastases. Twenty-one second hepatic resections in these patients were also analyzed. RESULTS: Bile duct invasion was histologically observed in 62 (42%) of 149 patients with first colorectal liver metastasis. Eighteen patients (12%) had gross extension of the tumor in the bile duct ranging from 4 mm to 42 mm (median 17.0 mm). Histologically, two thirds (12 of 18) of the tumors with macroscopic bile duct invasion were well-differentiated adenocarcinomas with a tendency for less vascular involvement. The actuarial 3- and 5-year survivals were 62% and 57% for patients with no bile duct invasion, 56% and 48% for patients with microscopic bile duct invasion, and 94% and 80% for patients with macroscopic bile duct invasion. The 5-year survival rate was better for patients with macroscopic bile duct invasion than for those with only microscopic (P = .02) or no bile duct invasion (P = .03). In a multivariate analysis, macroscopic bile duct invasion was an independent prognostic variable for favorable outcome after hepatic resection. CONCLUSIONS: Macroscopic bile duct invasion of colorectal liver metastases may reflect an indolent biologic behavior, warrants an aggressive surgical approach, and confers a better prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1999

[A clinicobacteriologic study on clavulanic acid/amoxicillin in pediatric acute otitis media].

We carried out clinical and bacteriological studies on clavulanic acid/amoxicillin and amoxicillin in pediatric acute otitis media at 14 general practice settings. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The major isolated organisms from content of middle ear effusion were Streptococcus pneumoniae 31.8%, Haemophilus influenzae 35.8% and Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis 1.5%. Similar results were observed for the major isolates organisms from content of nasopharynx Streptococcus pneumoniae 31.1%, Haemophilus influenzae 33.9% and Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis 19.2%. 2. 42.2% of S. pneumoniae isolated from middle ear effusion were drug resistant S. pneumoniae (PISP, PRSP) and they were increasing year by year. 3. 46.7% of S. pneumoniae isolated from nasopharyngeal swab were drug resistant S. pneumoniae (PISP, PRSP) and they were increasing year by year. The incidence of drug resistant S. pneumoniae isolated from all cases and organisms were 26.3% and 14.5%, respectively. 4. On MIC90, antimicrobial activity of CVA/AMPC against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis was superior to SBTPC. 5. In the evaluation of clinical efficacy, bacteriological efficacy and utility, CVA/AMPC-treated group was significantly superior to AMPC-treated group. 6. Adverse reactions were observed in 22% of CVA/AMPC-treated group, involving diarrhea and loose stool.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1999

[A clinicobacteriologic study on clavulanic acid/amoxicillin in pediatric sinusitis].

We carried out clinical and bacteriological studies on clavulanic acid/amoxicillin and amoxicillin in pediatric sinusitis at 11 general practice settings. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The major isolated organisms from content of middle meatus were Streptococcus pneumoniae 32.2%, Haemophilus influenzae 32.0% and Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis 25.1%. Similar results were observed for the major isolates from nasopharynx. 2. 62.1% of S. pneumoniae isolated were drug resistant S. pneumoniae (PISP, PRSP) and they were increasing year by year. 3. Drug resistant S. pneumoniae was isolated from 38.6% of all cases. 4. Regarding MIC90, CVA/AMPC showed superior antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis. 5. The clinical efficacy, bacteriological efficacy and utility of CVA/AMPC-treated group were 78%, 58% and 72.8%, respectively, and they were significantly superior to AMPC-treated group. 6. Adverse reactions were observed in 11.2% of CVA/AMPC group, involving diarrhea and stool loose and there was no statistical deference from those of AMPC group.

Amoxicillin↗

PubMed1998

Functional partitioning of energy reserves by larvae of the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina (L.).

The effects of extended swimming on short-lived lecithotrophic larvae of the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina (L.) were examined. Larvae were forced to swim for 2 or 24 h by bath application of serotonin. Settlement and metamorphosis success were significantly reduced, larval dimensions were unaffected and ancestrulae were smaller after 24 h of swimming. Larvae settled predominantly on seawater-conditioned glass after 2 h, but became less discriminative after 24 h. Lipid content in intact larvae and dissociated surface ciliated and interior cell fractions was analysed by thin-layer chromatography. Hydrophilic lipids were unaffected by swimming regime. The hydrophobic fraction contained triglyceride, confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) analysis and correlation spectroscopy (1H-1H COSY) patterns, which was significantly depleted after 24 h, and diacylglycerol, which was not. NMR spectra suggested no differences in fatty acid chain compositions between larvae swimming for 2 and 24 h. Triglyceride depletion was limited to the ciliated cell fraction. We propose that the functional partitioning of lipid reserves has evolved in association with the costs and benefits linked with larval dispersal.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1998

Tripeptide aldehyde inhibitors of human rhinovirus 3C protease: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and cocrystal structure solution of P1 glutamine isosteric replacements.

The investigation of tripeptide aldehydes as reversible covalent inhibitors of human rhinovirus (HRV) 3C protease (3CP) is reported. Molecular models based on the apo crystal structure of HRV-14 3CP and other trypsin-like serine proteases were constructed to approximate the binding of peptide substrates, generate transition state models of P1-P1' amide cleavage, and propose novel tripeptide aldehydes. Glutaminal derivatives have limitations since they exist predominantly in the cyclic hemiaminal form. Therefore, several isosteric replacements for the P1 carboxamide side chain were designed and incorporated into the tripeptide aldehydes. These compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of purified HRV-14 3CP with Kis ranging from 0.005 to 0.64 microM. Several have low micromolar antiviral activity when tested against HRV-14-infected H1-HeLa cells. The N-acetyl derivative 3 was also shown to be active against HRV serotypes 2, 16, and 89. High-resolution cocrystal structures of HRV-2 3CP, covalently bound to compounds 3, 15, and 16, were solved. These cocrystal structures were analyzed and compared with our original HRV-14 3CP-substrate and inhibitor models.

3C Viral Proteases↗

PubMed1998

Homologous p35 proteins of baculoviruses show distinctive anti-apoptotic activities which correlate with the apoptosis-inducing activity of each virus.

The anti-apoptotic activity of p35s from two baculoviruses, Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcNPV) and Bombyx mori NPV (BmNPV), was compared in mammalian cells. AcNPV p35 efficiently blocked apoptosis induced by caspase overexpression, but BmNPV p35 did so very poorly. Analysis of chimeric p35s and in vitro cleavage of wild type p35s suggest that the cleavage efficiency of p35 correlates with the blocking activity. Single amino acid substitutions of BmNPV p35 with those observed in AcNPV p35, however, resulted in significant loss of its anti-apoptotic activity. We speculate that sequences flanking the cleavage site have uniquely evolved during baculovirus evolution.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1998

Local Recurrence after Conservative Surgery without Postoperative Radiation for Pure Tubular Carcinoma of the Breast:A Case Report with Reference to Multifocality of Tubular Carcinoma.

A 49-year-old premenopausal woman with stage I breast carcinoma underwent left quadrantectomy with axillary dissection in 1992. The tumor was 0.7x0.5 cm Histopathologically, this was a pure tubular carcinoma without lymph node metastasis or lymphatic or vascular invasion. Although the surgical margin was pathologically negative, atypical ductal hyperplasia was present close to the cut margin's edge. Neither adjuvant chemotherapy nor radiotherapy had been given after the operation. Approximately 5 years after the first surgery, she had a local recurrence in the vicinity of the operative wound. There was no clinical evidence of distant metastasis. A salvage mastectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed that the second tumor was an invasive ductal carcinoma, histological grade 2, with extensive intraductal component. It was difficult to determine whether this was a true in-breast recurrence or a second primary cancer. Overexpression of p53 and c-erbB-2 was observed in the second tumor. Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor were both negative. No postoperative chemotherapy was given. Multifocality and atypical ductal hyperplasia were observed in 7(87.5%)and 6(75%) of 8 patients, respectively, with tubular carcinoma between 1991and 1997 at the National Cancer Center Hospital. Coexisting disease associated with tubular carcinoma suggests that radiotherapy may be an important component of breast conservation treatment to prevent local recurrence in this type of tumor.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1998

Characterization of the gene for the mouse prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP2: tissue-specific initiation of transcription in the macrophage and the uterus.

Genomic DNA clones for the mouse prostaglandin (PG) E receptor subtype EP2 were isolated and characterized. The mouse EP2 gene is composed of 2 exons and 1 intron, and spans 16 kb. The intron which is approx. 12 kb in length is located at the end of the sixth transmembrane domain, as with other prostanoid receptor genes. Based on this structure, transcripts were analysed in endotoxin-treated macrophages and pseudopregnant uteri, in which abundant expression of EP2 mRNA was observed. Sequence analysis of cDNA clones from these origins and Northern hybridization of these RNAs revealed that the uterine EP2 mRNA (U-type) has a longer 5'-untranslated region than the macrophage EP2 transcript (M-type). The major transcription initiation sites for M-type and U-type EP2 are located 124 and 769 bp upstream of the translation start site, respectively. The M-type was expressed in various tissues, whereas the U-type was found only in the uterus. The 2 kb segment containing the immediate 5'-flanking and 5'-noncoding regions contain three consensus sequences for the NF-IL6 binding site, one consensus sequence for the NF-kappaB binding site, four AP-2 consensus sequences, one AP-4 consensus sequence, one potential cAMP response element, and one potential progesterone response element. These results suggest that EP2 gene expression in the macrophage and uterus is under the control of distinct mechanisms involving alternative promoters.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1998

Characteristics of selective polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using two-base anchored primers and improvement of its specificity.

We have developed a reliable method for eliminating base-mispair amplification in selective polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is utilized for amplifying unknown sequence fragments produced by restriction enzyme reaction. The proposed procedure applies amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) with high fidelity. Selective PCR utilizes the known polymerase reaction characteristic that the complementary strand extension is strongly affected by matching a template with the 3'-terminus of the primers. However, false positive amplification is frequently observed because the specificity of terminal bases for discrimination of fragments (usually, 1-3 anchor sequences) is not enough to separate each fragment. A protocol for the selective PCR separation of every fragment was therefore investigated. A single-base mismatch was artificially introduced on the 4th base position from the 3' end of the primers to improve the hybridization specificity of anchored 2-bases at the 3' termini of primers. PCR reaction was carried out at 66 degrees C to prevent false positive amplification. The concentration of the primers having anchored-base sequences of AA, AT, TA, and TT must be three times larger than that of other primers because the Tm values for these sequences are lower than the others. As all the fragments can be separated into groups with high fidelity, the improved selective PCR will be applied to gene finding and analyzing differences on genome sequences based on AFLP.

DNA Primers↗

PubMed1998

Wound healing of intestinal anastomosis after digestive surgery under septic conditions: participation of local interleukin-6 expression.

This study aimed to evaluate the integrity of anastomotic wound healing after digestive surgery under septic conditions and to observe local interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression around the anastomotic segment. Experimental animals were separated into lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and control groups. Each was injected with LPS or normal saline solution into the peritoneal cavity 24 hours before transection and anastomosis of the colon. The anastomotic bursting pressure (ABP) and tissue hydroxyproline concentration (HP) were measured as indicators of wound healing. Immunohistochemical staining for IL-6 was performed on tissue samples obtained from the anastomotic segment, lung, liver, and kidney. The reactive cells were counted by light microscopy. The ABP and HP were significantly lower in the LPS group than the control group 7 days after the surgery. In the LPS group, IL-6 expression around the anastomotic segment was enhanced 1 and 6 hours after surgery but suppressed 24 hours afterward. In contrast, IL-6 expression in lung, liver, and kidney was enhanced in the LPS group 24 hours after surgery but not in the control group. It is suggested that anastomotic wound healing is impaired after digestive tract surgery under septic conditions, and local IL-6 expression participates in wound healing.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed1998

Treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma by hepatectomy with right and middle hepatic vein reconstruction using total vascular exclusion with extracorporeal bypass and hypothermic hepatic perfusion: report of a case.

We report herein the case of a patient who had previously undergone a lateral segmentectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in whom recurrent HCC invading the trunk of the right and middle hepatic veins in a damaged liver was treated by reconstruction of both hepatic veins, using total vascular exclusion with extracorporeal bypass and hypothermic hepatic perfusion. Reconstruction was performed using a graft taken from the left external iliac vein and divided into two pieces. Hepatic ischemia lasted for 91 min during the procedure and the intrahepatic temperature, as monitored by inserting a needle-type thermometer, was decreased to 11 degrees C throughout the procedure. The peak levels of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and total bilirubin were 363 IU/l, 1198 IU/ml, and 2.8 mg/dl, respectively, on postoperative day (POD) 2. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful except for mild, temporary swelling of the left leg. Postoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examinations disclosed no obstruction of either graft, and the patient was discharged on POD 40.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗

PubMed1998

Gene therapy for hepatic micrometastasis of murine colon carcinoma.

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: Pit cells are located in the hepatic sinusoids and are organ-associated natural killer cells that contribute to immune surveillance in the liver. In the present study, the interleukin-2 gene was introduced into hepatocytes using an adenovirus vector to induce interleukin-2 production in an attempt to enhance the natural killer activity of pit cells, leading to inhibition of metastasis of colon carcinoma. METHODS: The recombinant adenovirus vector "Adex1CAmIL2" was constructed by inserting an expression unit which was composed of the CAG promotor (cytomegalovirus enhancer plus chicken beta-actin promotor), murine interleukin-2 cDNA, and a rabbit beta-globin polyadenylation signal. After administration of Adex1CAmIL2 to mice (4x10(7) pfu per animal), the expression of murine interleukin-2 in hepatocytes was examined by immunostaining and in situ hybridization, and the natural killer activity of hepatic mononuclear cells was measured. Inhibition of hepatic metastasis of colon carcinoma was examined after infusion of colon 38 tumor cells into the superior mesenteric vein. RESULTS: After administration of Adex1CAmIL2, interleukin-2 mRNA expression was demonstrated in hepatocytes until day 7, and the serum interleukin-2 level was increased. The natural killer activity of hepatic mononuclear cells was markedly enhanced for 7-10 days. Hepatic metastasis was inhibited by administration of Adex1CAmIL2 until day 7 after tumor cell inoculation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that gene therapy using Adex1CAmIL2 could be potentially useful for inhibiting hepatic micrometastasis by enhancing the natural killer activity of pit cells.

Actins↗