[A case of fetal hydrocephalus with intracranial hemorrhage after maternal hypovolemic shock].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
K Oka
Publications and source records attributed to K Oka.
Implications of lymphocyte sensitivity to glucocorticoids in renal transplant recipients.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Acute Disease↗
Endotoxin-induced hypertriglyceridemia is mediated by suppression of lipoprotein lipase at a post-transcriptional level.
Previous studies have demonstrated that endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide treatment causes a decrease in adipose tissue and heart lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities in rats, producing hypertriglyceridemia in these animals. To examine the mechanisms for this effect of endotoxin, we studied the effects of endotoxin administration on LPL mRNA, and LPL synthetic rates and activity in rat adipose tissue and heart. Endotoxin treatment (i.p., 3 mg/100 g body weight or higher doses) produced a pronounced increase in serum triglycerides associated with a 65% decrease in adipose tissue and heart LPL activities within 7 h. Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), used to separate lipoproteins in rat serum, showed that the increase in triglyceride was all in the very low density lipoprotein fraction which was accompanied by a concomitant decrease in high density lipoprotein. In contrast, there was no change in adipose tissue or heart LPL mRNA up to 24 h after treatment and no change in adipose tissue LPL synthetic rate, as measured by L-[35S]methionine incorporation and immunoprecipitation. Plasma insulin levels remained unchanged. The results indicate that endotoxin-induced hypertriglyceridemia in rats can be attributed to an impaired triglyceride clearance associated with a decrease of LPL activity mediated at a post-transcriptional level.
Adipose Tissue↗
[Intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma with multiple lymphomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract].
We report a case of intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma (ILL) with multiple lymphomatous polyposis. A 56-year-old man presented with general fatigue and bloody stool. Physical examination showed cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy, bilateral tonsillar hypertrophy, and moderate splenomegaly. Leukocyte count was 9,570/microliters with 11% abnormal cells, infiltration of which was observed in the bone marrow too. Examinations of the gastrointestinal tract revealed diffuse small polypoid lesions throughout the stomach and the entire large bowel. The biopsied specimens from both the stomach and large bowel showed diffuse infiltration of medium-sized lymphoid cells in the submucosa and the lamina propria. Lymph node biopsies showed ILL (mantle zone lymphoma). The phenotype of lymphoma cells was CD5 (+) CD10 (-) CD19 (+) CD20 (+) CD21 (+), and sIg mu delta-lambda. The patient was initially given the multiple agent chemotherapy, which did not improve the peripheral blood findings and was switched to the regimen that comprised of etoposide and prednisolone. The patient's lymphoma is well controlled by this regimen 35 months after diagnosis.
Humans↗
[A case of aortic dissection (DeBakey-I) occurring 20 months after aortic valve replacement].
Simple aortic valve replacement was performed in a 59-year-old man whose ascending aorta was moderately dilated (45 mm) because he had no characteristics of Marfan's syndrome or other connective tissue diseases. However, about 20 months later, reoperation needed to be performed for aortic dissection of DeBakey type I. The pathological findings of the aortic wall obtained at the initial operation revealed cystic medial necrosis. The occurrence of aortic dissection after aortic valve replacement is uncommon but not rare, especially in patients with cystic medial necrosis and/or dilated aortic root. Therefore, in these patients, wrapping or replacement of the ascending aorta may be required at the same time of aortic valve replacement.
Aortic Dissection↗
Roles of Langerhans' cells and T-lymphocytes infiltrating cancer tissues in patients treated by radiation therapy for cervical cancer.
Correlations between infiltration of immunologic cells in tumor tissues and prognosis of radiation therapy were investigated for 275 patients with cervical cancer who were treated with radiation therapy alone, including 216 patients with Stage III squamous cell carcinomas and 59 with adenocarcinomas of all stages. Langerhans' cell (LC) and T-cell were stained immunohistochemically on the specimens excised from the cervical cancer. In squamous cell carcinoma, 5-year survival rates for patients with LC infiltration were significantly better than those without LC (78% versus 60%; P < 0.01). The 5-year survival rate of patients with T-cell infiltration also was significantly better than that of patients without such infiltration (83% versus 61%; P < 0.05). Similar trends were observed in patients with adenocarcinoma; 5-year survival rates for patients with LC infiltration and those without LC infiltration were 49% and 25%, respectively (P < 0.025). The survival rates for patients with T-cell infiltration and those without were 50% and 33%, respectively (P < 0.1). An analysis of patterns of failure of radiation therapy demonstrated that the favorable prognosis in LC infiltration was attributable mainly to improvement of local control rates, but that in T-cell infiltration was not. T-cells infiltrated into tumor specifically in the patients with LC infiltration in both cell types. The authors suggest that the host anti-cancer immune response of individual patients may be remarkably different at the first step of antigen recognition by LC. The LC may induce T-cell-mediated antitumor response and improve local response in radiation therapy.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Long-term transformation of an inhibitory into an excitatory GABAergic synaptic response.
For a constant membrane potential, a predominantly inhibitory GABAergic synaptic response is shown to undergo long-term transformation into an excitatory response after pairing of exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) with postsynaptic depolarization or pairing of pre- and postsynaptic stimulation. Current- and voltage-clamp experiments suggest that this synaptic transformation is due to a shift from a net increase of conductance to a net decrease of conductance in response to GABA. GABA-induced elevation of intracellular calcium is prolonged after the same stimulus pairing and may, therefore, contribute to this synaptic transformation via Ca(2+)-activated phosphorylation pathways. This synaptic transformation, which does not follow unpaired stimulus presentations, occurs in a neuronal compartment spatially separated from the soma, which also changes during stimulus pairing.
Animals↗
Prognostic significance of the PC10 index as a prospective assay for cervical cancer treated with radiation therapy alone.
The monoclonal antibody PC10 recognizes proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in conventionally fixed and processed histologic materials. Formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens taken from 194 patients with Stage III squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix treated with radiation therapy alone were investigated for PC10 positivity using immunohistochemical methods. A few squamous epithelial cells in the basal layer and the deepest zone of the prickle cell layer were positive for PC10. Cancer cells also were positive for PC10, showing a diffuse or granular nuclear staining pattern. The multiple logistic regression model analysis and the Kaplan-Meier method indicate that a strong correlation exists between the PC10 index and prognosis (P less than 0.001). Thus, the PC10 index may be a predictive indicator for the prognosis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix treated with radiation therapy alone.
Adult↗
Photolabeled sites with a tetrodotoxin derivative in the domain III and IV of the electroplax sodium channel.
Forty three percent of the labeled sites, at least, in the electroplax sodium channel with a photoactivable tetrodotoxin derivative were identified by probing protease-digested labeled fragments with several sequence-directed antibodies. They are located in the loop between segments S5 and S6 of domain IV, as well as the region containing transmembrane segment S6 and adjacent extracellular and cytoplasmic sequences in domain III. No photolabeled fragments were detected in the corresponding region of domain I. These results suggest that C-11 of tetrodotoxin where the photoreactive moiety is attached orients to the region between S5 and S6 in domain III and IV. Probable orientation of the tetrodotoxin molecule in sodium channels is considered by taking together with the recent report of the site-directed mutagenesis.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding porcine testis 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450.
We describe the isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding the complete porcine neonatal testis 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C-17,20-lyase cytochrome P-450. The deduced amino acid sequence is 509 amino acids in length.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Relationship between tissue reactions and morphological changes of the fungi in chromoblastomycosis: morphometry and electron microscopy.
To investigate the histological distribution and the morphology of the fungi and the tissue reactions in chromoblastomycosis, especially in the process of transepidermal elimination, cutaneous lesions of two patients with this disease were studied morphometrically and ultrastructurally. In the dermis, most of the fungal elements appeared as sclerotic cells and their cell wall showed an irregular, worm-eaten leaf-like appearance; they seemed to be continuously attacked by polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The epidermis eliminated 10-20% of all the organisms in the skin lesions, and the hypha-forming activity tended to be higher in the epidermis than in the dermis. Ultrastructurally, basal keratinocytes facing the dermal abscess containing fungal elements frequently appeared as dark cells, suggesting an increased proliferation activity. Spinous keratinocytes facing intraepidermal microabscesses containing fungal elements showed an abnormal accumulation of tonofilaments and further early keratinization in the spinous cell layer. All of the morphological changes of the dermis and epidermis are regarded as defence reactions against the fungi existing in the skin lesions. There is a close relationship between tissue reactions and morphological changes of fungi in chromoblastomycosis.
Aged↗
Malignant lymphoma of the liver. Report of five cases and review of the literature.
Primary hepatic lymphoma is a rare disease. We report five cases here and summarize clinical and pathologic features of our own and reported cases from Western countries and Japan. The total number of cases was 68. The age of patients ranged from 7 to 87 years (median 55) with a male-to-female ratio of 3.1:1. Chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis before onset of hepatic lymphoma was noted in 44% of Japanese cases and 9.6% of Western cases. Macroscopically, the liver was occupied by solitary mass (60%), multiple masses (35%), or a diffuse lesion without nodule formation (5%). Histologically all cases were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with the diffuse large cell type being most common. Three cases (4.4%) were follicular lymphoma. Immunohistochemically about 80% of the cases were B-cell type. Follow-up study showed that hepatic lymphoma had a relatively favorable prognosis when early detection of the disease was possible.
Female↗
A pathological and immunohistological case report of fatal infectious mononucleosis, Epstein-Barr virus infection, demonstrated by in situ and Southern blot hybridization.
We present an autopsy case of 20-month-old boy who had a fulminant course of infectious mononucleosis, with severe hepatic failure. Autopsy revealed marked infiltration of immunoblasts in the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, thymus and kidneys. We identified a large number of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes in the immunoblasts of the lymph nodes, liver and spleen by in situ hybridization. EBV genomes were also detected in the liver and spleen by Southern blot hybridization. Histology of the liver revealed diffuse feathery degeneration of the hepatocytes. However, EBV genomes were not detected in the hepatocytes by in situ hybridization and monoclonal antibody studies. Immunostaining of the autopsy liver specimen revealed a large number of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (Leu2a positive) in the portal areas and of natural killer (NK) cells (Leu7 positive) in the portal areas and sinusoids of the liver. We therefore suggest that the hepatocellular damage was not caused by the viral replication in the hepatocytes but was mainly caused by the abnormal killer cell activity of the suppressor/cytotoxic T cells and NK cells.
Blotting, Southern↗
A strategy for discovering biologically active compounds with high probability in traditional Chinese herb remedies: an application of saiboku-to in bronchial asthma.
A novel strategy for discovering biologically active components in traditional Chinese herb remedies was performed from a pharmacokinetic view. The hypothesis was that the active compounds should appear in blood and urine with appropriate blood concentrations and urinary excretion rates after the administration of herbal-extract mixtures. In this research, we applied our procedures to Saiboku-To, one of the most popular Chinese herbal medicines in Japan. Consisting of 10 different plant extracts, it is used for the treatment of bronchial asthma. The analytical method adopted was a rapid-flow fractionation (RFF) for extraction-fractionation of lipophilic components in urine followed by silica-gel high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a multichannel ultraviolet (uv) absorption detector. beta-D-Glucuronidase-treated urine samples collected before and after the administration of Saiboku-To to healthy and asthmatic subjects were treated with the RFF apparatus to afford three pH-dependent fractions: strongly acidic (S), weakly acidic (W), and neutral (N). HPLC of these fractions, monitored by the multichannel uv detector, showed three new peaks in the postadministrative urine: one in the N fraction, two in the W fraction, and none in the S fraction. A compound in the N fraction was identified with authentic magnolol, a major component in Magnolia officinalis. Two compounds in the W fraction were identified by comparison with authentic samples as 8,9-dihydroxydihydromagnolol and liquiritigenin, metabolites previously isolated from M. officinalis and Glycyrrhiza glabra, respectively.
Administration, Oral↗
Reduction of papilloma size by ultraviolet irradiation in the Japanese newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster.
Experiments were conducted on 44 captive Japanese newts (Cynops pyrrhogaster) to test the hypothesis that ultraviolet (UV) irradiation might inhibit growth or induce regression of spontaneous skin papillomas of probable viral origin. An empirically derived exposure to UV irradiation (42 microW per cm2 per day) induced reduction of papilloma size which began approximately 4 weeks after irradiation was initiated. This regression included histological evidence of tissue vacuolization and cellular necrosis of papillomatous epithelium. These findings, taken together with previous data on seasonal, temperature and geographical influences on papilloma prevalence, lend support to the notion that solar UV radiation may modulate papilloma prevalence in the natural environment, possibly by direct effects on viral infection.
Animals↗
Hydrocephalus due to acute aqueductal stenosis following mumps infection: report of a case and review of the literature.
An acquired form of hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis developing as a sequela of mumps virus infection of the central nervous system is presented. Percutaneous third ventriculostomy and interventriculostomy (aqueduct cannulation) were performed using a flexible fiberoptic ventriculoscope. The aqueduct was blocked with amorphous material but was cleared with the scope. This is the first case of a fulminant phase of mumps ventriculitis leading to aqueductal stenosis, which has been treated using a ventriculoscope for the first time.
Acute Disease↗
The role of calcium in prolonged modification of a GABAergic synapse.
Caudal hair cell impulses cause postsynaptic inhibition of ipsilateral type B photoreceptors in the snail Hermissenda. This inhibition is shown to be GABAergic according to a number of criteria. HPLC, mass spectrophotometric, and immunocytochemical techniques demonstrated the presence of GABA in the hair cells and their axons. GABA agonists and antagonists mimic and block the synaptic effect in a manner consistent with endogenous GABAergic transmission. Other properties, including I-V relations, conductance changes and reversal potentials, are comparable for exogenous GABA responses and endogenous effects of the hair cell impulses. This inhibitory synapse has been found to undergo a long-lasting transformation into an excitatory synapse if GABA release is paired with post-synaptic depolarization. GABA, via GABAA and GABAB receptors in the B cell, causes the opening of calcium sensitive chloride and potassium channels that leads to the post-synaptic hyperpolarization. GABA also induces a long-lasting intracellular calcium elevation at the terminal branches of the B cell that greatly outlasts the voltage responses. Synaptic transformation induced by pairings is caused by a decrease in both GABA induced chloride and potassium conductances in the post-synaptic B cell, as well as a significant prolongation of the intracellular calcium accumulation in the B cell's terminal axonal branches.
Animals↗
Structural characterization of the dihydropyridine receptor-linked calcium channel from porcine heart.
Ca(2+)-channel was purified 230-fold from digitonin extracts of the porcine cardiac sarcolemmal membranes by means of a four-step procedure. Two antibodies, a site-directed antibody against the sequence 1691-1707 of the rabbit cardiac alpha 1 subunit (anti-CCP5) and a monoclonal antibody directed to rabbit skeletal muscle alpha 2 delta subunit-complex (MCC-1), effectively immunoprecipitated the 125I-labeled cardiac Ca(2+)-channel complex in 0.2% digitonin. SDS-PAGE analysis of the immunoprecipitates under reducing conditions revealed that the cardiac channel is mainly composed of two large polypeptides of 190 and 150 kDa, and five smaller polypeptides of 60, 55, 35, 30, and 25 kDa. An additional polypeptide of either 79 or 55 kDa is crosslinked with the 190 kDa component to form 250-270 kDa (approximately 270 kDa) to the extent of 15-20% through disulfide bond(s). The 190 kDa component (alpha 1) is responsible for photoaffinity labeling with [3H]diazepine, since minor photolabeled approximately 270 kDa was converged to the major labeled 190 kDa component when electrophoresed under reducing conditions. The 150 kDa component (alpha 2) was derived by reduction of disulfide bonds from another 190 kDa component of glycopolypeptide which was separated from the channel complex in 1% Triton X-100 and capable of binding to WGA-Sepharose. The four smaller components of 60, 35, 30, and 25 kDa were not covalently associated with the large components through disulfide bonds, whereas the 55 kDa polypeptide was suggested to be a mixture of two kinds of peptides with respect to the disulfide bond: one was crosslinked with alpha 1 through disulfide linkage and the other was not covalently associated with any other component.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗