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Biomedical subjects

K Ohta

Publications and source records attributed to K Ohta.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Identification of Escherichia coli by detection of hydroquinone and uracil in the urine system.

For rapid identification of Escherichia coli, changes of urinary metabolites incubated with E. coli were investigated by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. Hydroquinone and uracil were detected and the normal urinary constituent 4-deoxythreonic acid was found to diminish in urine incubated with E. coli. Hydroquinone could not be detected in urine incubated with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although uracil was detected in normal urine, urine incubated with E. coli showed an increased uracil level. Urine incubated with K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens or P. aeruginosa evidenced no such change. A decrease of 4-deoxythreonic acid was noted in urine incubated with S. marcescens or P. aeruginosa. In 7.0 X 10(7) cells of E. coli, 0.33-2.36 micrograms of hydroquinone and 13.4-42.0 micrograms of uracil were detected after 3 h of incubation at 38 degrees C, and production was not changed after 4, 5 or 8 h of incubation. These results suggest that the detection of hydroquinone and uracil in urine is useful for rapid identification of E. coli.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1985

Availability of 6-hydroxynicotinic acid for rapid identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens.

Gas chromatography--mass spectrometry has been used to identify specific metabolites produced by Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in a defined medium. 6-Hydroxynicotinic acid was detected in spent culture media of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens, but could not be detected in those of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. The production of 6-hydroxynicotinic acid was recognized by the addition of nicotinic acid in urine with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Serratia marcescens, but not without the addition of nicotinic acid. Among 10(5) Pseudomonas aeruginosa per 1 ml of urine (criteria for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection), 0.15 microgram of 6-hydroxynicotinic acid was detected in urine at 4 h incubation with nicotinic acid at the optimum pH of 6.9, 38 degrees C. The production of 6-hydroxynicotinic acid was proportional to the number of the bacteria and displayed a time dependency. These results suggest that the availability of 6-hydroxynicotinic acid might make for more rapid identification of bacteria than current methods.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1985

Pelvic perfusion hyperthermia for advanced pelvic malignancies.

Pelvic perfusion hyperthermia (PPH) for malignant gynecologic diseases in the pelvis was performed for four hours with favorable results. Serial monitoring of chemotherapeutic drug concentrations in the blood, tissues and circuit showed that the drugs were satisfactorily incorporated into the tumor bearing area and that the systemic leak was minimal with no demonstrable systemic side effects. The temperature of the tumor was kept between 41.8 degrees C and 42.7 degrees C for over three hours. The esophageal temperature was maintained below 40 degrees C throughout the procedure. In one patient, there was an eighty percent reduction in tumor size and in the other, a complete regression of the tumor. We conclude that the PPH is a procedure that warrants further attention as an adjunct to cancer therapy for malignant pelvic tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A loss of uvrA function decreases the induction of the SOS functions recA and umuC by mitomycin C in Escherichia coli.

We have studied the levels of recA and umuC protein synthesis in Escherichia coli as a probe for regulatory and mechanistic events involved in mitomycin C mutagenesis. Both RecA and UmuC protein induction were greatly stimulated by mitomycin C in the wild-type strain, reached a peak at about 60 min for the recA gene, and at 90 min for the umuC gene, respectively, and maintained a plateau. The induction was blocked by recA and lexA(Ind-) mutations that conferred no mutagenesis on the cell. Mutation affecting uvrA protein markedly decreased induction of the recA gene as well as the umuC gene by mitomycin C. The results established that UvrA protein is involved in the induction of recA and umuC, and account, at least in part, for the mitomycin C nonmutability of uvrA mutants.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1985

Successful carnitine treatment in two siblings having lipid storage myopathy with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Two Japanese siblings had lipid storage myopathy with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). They had slowly progressive muscle weakness and ventricular hypertrophy of the heart evidenced by electrocardiography and echocardiography. Their developmental milestones were normal until three years of age when mild weakness in the lower limbs became evident. Laboratory examination showed transient high creatine kinase levels (CK) and hyperammonemia. Histochemical investigation on the muscles revealed abnormal accumulation of sudanophilic lipid droplets predominantly in type 1 fibers, type 2 A fiber atrophy and type 2 B fiber deficiency. In case 1, excessive lipid droplets were also observed in the biopsied cardiac muscle. Carnitine was decreased in the skeletal muscles and the serum. Treatment with DL-carnitine to both cases resulted in marked clinical improvement and decreased lipid droplets in the muscles.

Cardiomyopathies↗
PubMed1985

L-dopa-induced asterixis.

Three cases with the occurrence of asterixis during the administration of L-dopa were reported. Liver and metabolic functions were normal in all the patients. Upon the appearance of asterixis no other involuntary movements probably resulting from an excess administration of L-dopa were observed. Asterixis occurred accompanied by clinical symptoms such as hallucination and a mild clouding of consciousness by insomnia. Because of its reversal with drug withdrawal, asterixis seemed to be L-dopa-related. The biochemical basis of asterixis is not known but may involve the dopaminergic or serotonergic system.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Type 3 (adult) GM1 gangliosidosis: case report.

GM1 gangliosidosis is usually a pediatric disease caused by hereditary acid beta-galactosidase deficiency. There have been a few cases in adults. We saw a 51-year-old Japanese man with type 3 GM1 gangliosidosis who was manifesting dementia, dysarthria, gait disturbance, and limb rigidity. Radiologic studies showed platyspondylia, acetabular hypoplasia, and flattened femoral heads. Biochemical analysis revealed generalized acid beta-galactosidase deficiency.

G(M1) Ganglioside↗
PubMed1985

An advanced form of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy showing massive myocardial fibrosis with intramural small arterial thickening. An autopsy case.

An autopsy case of an advanced form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) showing marked fibrosis with intramural small arterial abnormalities is presented in this report. A 52-year-old woman, who had a positive family history of HCM, was admitted because of palpitations. The chest roentgenogram showed a mildly enlarged cardiac silhouette and the electrocardiogram revealed abnormal Q waves and R wave and T wave abnormalities. The echocardiogram revealed hypokinesis with thinning of the interventricular septum and the anterior wall of the left ventricle. Percutaneous right ventricular endomyocardial biopsies demonstrated moderate interstitial fibrosis with small arterial thickening. At necropsy, the anterior and posterior walls of the left ventricle and the interventricular septum were markedly thinned and showed a massive transmural fibrosis. Moreover, the intramural small arteries, 50-300 microns in diameter, showed marked intimal and medial hypertrophy with proliferation of elastic fibers and smooth muscle cells. From these findings, it is suggested that this was originally a case of HCM which progressed to a decompensated stage because of the abnormal intramural small arteries. The significance of small arterial lesions in HCM is discussed.

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic↗
PubMed1985

Comparison between electrocochleography and glycerol test in the diagnosis of Meniere's disease.

Electrocochleography (ECoG) and glycerol test were performed in 51 Meniere ears. The positive rate of both tests was compared. The positive rate of ECoG and glycerol test was 63% and 51%, respectively. The ears with positive result of both tests and of either test were 15 of 51 ears (29%) and 43 of 51 ears (84%), respectively. The positive rate of ECoG was higher in ears with a moderate to severe hearing loss at high frequencies, while the positive rate of glycerol test was higher in ears with a moderate to severe hearing loss at low frequencies. The present study has demonstrated that ECoG is different in selectivity of detection of the endolymphatic hydrops from glycerol test and that the combination of both tests increases the detection rate of the endolymphatic hydrops in Meniere's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Phase I study of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR)].

A phase I study of a new fluorinated pyrimidine compound, 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR), was performed in 37 patients with various malignant cancers. Starting dose was 600 mg/m2/day (900 mg/body/day) and escalated up to 3900 mg/body/day. The dose given was divided into 3 administrations a day for 5 consecutive days. Subjective symptoms were observed in cases given a dose of over 2,100 mg/body/day. Gastro-intestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting and anorexia were the major side effects. In the hematological and urinary examinations, no severe abnormal signs were observed. The maximum tolerated dose was considered to be 2.100 mg/body/day, and the dose-limiting factor was gastro-intestinal disturbance. 5-FU levels were determined in the serum and tumor tissues. 5'-DFUR was well absorbed. The 5-FU level in tumor tissue was very high at 2 to 3 hours post-dose and then rapidly decreased, being 0.05 microgram/g 12 hours after administration. The optimal dosage for a phase II study was suggested to be less than 2,100 mg/body/day.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

[Phase II study of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) in patients with malignant cancer--a multi-institutional cooperative study].

A phase II study of oral 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) was conducted on a multi-institutional basis. Six hundred and ninety-two cases were entered into this study and evaluated by the extramural review committee. In 437 evaluable cases the response rate was 16.0%, 13 CR and 57 PR. The response rate of gastric cancer was 14.3%, 1 CR and 19 PR out of 140 evaluable cases, that of colorectal cancer was 9.2%, 1 CR and 6 PR out of 76 evaluable cases, and that of breast cancer was 35.9%, 11 CR and 26 PR out of 103 evaluable cases. The response rate was high with a long-lasting efficacy in breast cancer. Although the number of cases was small, PR was observed in 3 cases of head & neck, and in 1 case each of esophagus, gall-bladder and thyroid cancer. The optimal daily dosage was considered to be 800-1,200 mg/body/day. The tumor began to decrease in size within 8 weeks of treatment in most of the responded cases. Side effects were observed in 44.4% of 513 cases. Diarrhea occurred with the highest rate (26.3%), but this was controllable.

Anorexia↗
PubMed1985

[Phase II study of methyl 6-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (MCNU)].

Sixty-seven patients with hematological malignancies and 4 with cancers were evaluated in this study. Standard administration of MCNU was instituted intravenously using 50-100 mg/m2 every 2 or 4 weeks, whereas some cases were treated with a higher dose therapy. Of 10 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, 7 achieved complete remission (CR), and 1 achieved partial remission (PR). A good response was also obtained in 9 of 10 patients with polycythemia vera and in all 4 patients with essential thrombocythemia. MCNU was less effective in malignant lymphoma (ML) and multiple myeloma (MM) than in myeloproliferative disorders. Two of 15 patients with ML and one of 21 patients with MM achieved CR, and two with ML and three MM achieved PR. Three patients with lung cancer and 1 with gastric cancer showed no response to MCNU. Delayed anemia, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 38.7% of patients, and these were regarded as major side effects of MCNU. Nausea, vomiting, anorexia and elevated transaminase were also found in about 24% of patients, but only transiently. Our study indicates that MCNU is useful for chemotherapy of hematological malignancies, especially of myeloproliferative disorders. Therefore, further studies on combination chemotherapy with MCNU should be developed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Palatinose--a sucrose substitute. Pilot studies.

Pilot studies on isomaltulose, (Palatinose), a sucrose substitute, including acid production in plaques, acid production in suspensions of dental plaque material or of Streptococcus mutans were performed, as well as studies on the effect of isomaltulose on glucan synthesis, by Strep. mutans. Also an experimental caries study in the rat was carried out in a few animals. The results indicated that isomaltulose is only slowly fermented in the oral cavity and that glucan formation from isomaltulose, if any, is very small. Sulcal caries only was found in rats challenged with isomaltulose. Since the animals developed very well on the isomaltulose diet and did not have stomach disorders, isomaltulose is considered to be of great interest as a sucrose-like, low-cariogenic and nontoxic sucrose substitute.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[CT-guided stereotactic neurosurgery].

Brown-Roberts-Wells stereotactic instruments were used for CT guided stereotactic surgery in 54 cases (65 operations). Stereotactic biopsy was done in 9 cases and successive regional chemotherapy was done in 3 cases. Stereotactic drainage was done in 2 cases of bacterial abscess, 3 cases of cystic neoplasm and 33 cases (43 operations) of intracerebral hematoma. CT guided stereotactic procedure was valuable for the correct cannulation to the center of the cavity. We tried to utilize CT image for the selection of targets for stereotactic functional neurosurgical procedures in 6 cases. In the cases of thalamotomy, the information derived from CT made the operation safer than that by contrast ventriculography alone. In all cases of electrode implantation for deep brain stimulation, accurate and precise electrode placement was achieved from CT images alone. This rapid and easy surgical technique was useful also for poor risk patients.

Astrocytoma↗