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Biomedical subjects

K Ohshima

Publications and source records attributed to K Ohshima.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Clinical evaluation of pivmecillinam in the maintenance therapy of chronic urinary tract infection (author's transl)].

In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pivmecillinam (melysin tablet, PMPC), PMPC was administered to 78 chronic UTI cases in the field of obstetrics and gynecology (posthysterectomy infection, chronic cystitis, chronic pyelonephritis and etc.). In principle, daily 400 mg of PMPC was administered for 2 weeks. (1) Overall clinical efficacy judged by doctor was evaluated in 78 cases and the result was; excellent in 17, good in 37, fair in 10, poor in 13 and unknown in 1 case with the effectiveness rate of 69.2%. (2) Overall clinical efficacy judged by 'criteria for clinical evaluation in complicated UTI' recommended by UTI study member was evaluated in 54 cases and the result was; excellent in 15, good in 20 and poor in 19 cases with the overall efficacy rate of 64.8%, the result of which was similar to that of doctor's judgement. (3) Efficacy on pyuria was evaluated in 72 cases and it was cleared in 27, decreased in 25, unchanged in 20 and unknown in 6 cases. Efficacy on bacteriuria was evaluated in 72 cases and it was eliminated in 44, decreased in 9, replaced in 8, unchanged in 8 and unknown in 9 cases. (4) Side effect, considered by doctors to be caused by PMPC administration, was noticed in 3 out of 78 cases (3.8%), all of which was mild gastrointestinal disturbance and the administration of PMPC was continued. Abnormal change of laboratory finding considered by doctors to be caused by PMPC administration was noticed in 1 out of 78 cases, which was slight elevation of GOT and GPT values. It is therefore considered that PMPC appear to be useful drug for the maintenance therapy of chronic UTI in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Clinical studies on cefoperazone in gynecological and obstetrical field (author's transl)].

Fourteen patients suffering from female genital organ infections including mastitis and urinary tract infections were treated with cefoperazone (CPZ). CPZ was administered intravenously or by drip infusion at a dose of 2.0-4.0 g/day for 3-7 days. Clinical results obtained were as follows: Of 8 patients with genital organ infections, excellent responses were seen in 2 patients, good responses in 5 patients. Of 3 patients with mastitis, good responses were seen in all the patients. Of 3 patients with pyelonephritis, excellent and good responses were seen in all the patients. No adverse effects and abnormal laboratory findings were observed. From the above results, we concluded that CPZ was an effective and safe antibiotic against infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Effects of various osmotic solutions on membrane properties of smooth muscle cells of the guinea pig ureter.

Effects of various osmotic solutions on membrane properties of smooth muscle cells of the guinea pig ureter were investigated using the microelectrode and double sucrose gap methods. In Krebs solution, the mean membrane potential was -53 mV, chronaxie was 104 msec, length constant of the tissue was 1.03 mm, time constant of the membrane was 65.8 msec, and conduction velocity of excitation was 19.2 mm per sec. Hyperosmotic solution (1.5, 2.0, or 2.5 times the normal osmolarity) depolarized the membrane, generated the spike activity, reduced the length constant of the tissue, increased the time constant of the membrane, prolonged the chronaxie, and reduced the conduction velocity. Hyposmotic solutions (0.85 and 0.67 times the normal osmolarity) produced opposite changes on the passive and active characteristics of the membrane compared to findings in hyperosmotic solution except that the time constant of the membrane was increased in both hyper- and hyposmolar solutions. Increase in the time constant of the membrane and reduced length constant of the tissue in hyperosmotic solution can be explained by an increase in the internal resistance, including the cell to cell junctional resistance and shrinkage of the cell diameter (from 6.2 to 3.0 micrometer).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effect of gamma-oryzanol on serum TSH concentrations in primary hypothyroidism.

A single oral dose (300 mg) of gamma-oryzanol extracted from rice-bran oil produced a significant reduction on the elevated serum TSH levels in hypothyroid patients. Similarly, chronic treatment with gamma-oryzanol resulted in decreased serum TSH levels in 6 of 8 patients. There was no change in the serum levels of thyroxine-iodine and triiodothyronine during the study. In addition, there was no difference in the serum TSH response to TRH in hypothyroid patients and normal subjects. These observations suggest that gamma-oryzanol inhibits serum TSH levels in patients with primary hypothyroidism, possibly by a direct action at the hypothalamus rather than the pituitary.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Clofibrate and a related compound suppress TSH secretion in primary hypothyroidism.

A single oral dose of the hypolipidaemic agent ethyl-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (clofibrate, 750 mg) produced a significant reduction on the high basal serum TSH level in patients with primary hypothyroidism. There was no consistent change in serum levels of thyroxine-iodine (T4-I), triiodothyronine (T3) and per cent free T4 (%FT4) during the study. On the other hand, clofibrate failed to produce discernible changes in the basal and TRH-induced TSH secretion in euthyroid subjects. Similar results were also obtained with the centrally active drug meclofenoxate hydrochloride (MH, 750 mg, drip infusion), similar in structure to clofibrate. These findings suggest that clofibrate and MH inhibit TSH secretion in patients with primary hypothyroidism, possibly by a direct action at the hypothalamic or pituitary level.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effect of active and passive immunization with TRH on plasma TSH response to propylthiouracil.

The role of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the secretion of TSH from the anterior pituitary was investigated in rats by active and passive immunization with TRH. The plasma TSH response to propylthiouracil (PTU) in TRH-bovine serum albumin (BSA)-immunized rats was significantly lower than that of BSA-immunized or non-immunized rats. Similarly, the increased plasma TSH level following PTU treatment was significantly suppressed after iv injection of antiserum to TRH. However, the decline in plasma TSH levels was not complete. The results of the present study indicate, at least in part, the physiological significance of endogenous TRH in the regulation of pituitary TSH secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of the lesions of Aleutian disease in mink and hypergammaglobulinemia in ferrets.

Gross and microscopic lesions of Aleutian disease (AD) in mink and hypergammaglobulinemia in ferrets were compared. Both conditions were characterized by widespread proliferation of plasma cells, but proliferation was more prominent in mink infected with AD. Arteritis did not occur in hypergammaglobulinemic ferrets. Minimal or no glomerular alterations occurred in infected ferrets, but were severe in mink infected with AD. Bile duct proliferation was more prominent in diseased mink. Tissue alterations suggested that AD in Aleutian genotype mink is more rapidly progressive than is AD in ferrets, causing overt clinical disease and death. In contrast, hypergammaglobulinemia in ferrets appeared to progress more slowly, with little clinical evidence of disease. This is probably the result of a paucity of glomerular lesions in ferrets. Possible mechanisms to explain the differences in the development of lesions are discussed.

Aleutian Mink Disease↗