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Biomedical subjects

K Ohshima

Publications and source records attributed to K Ohshima.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effects of dexamethasone on glucose transport by skeletal muscles of obese (ob/ob) mice.

Adrenalectomy normalized basal and insulin-stimulated glucose transport in the perfused hindquarter of the obese (ob/ob) mouse. Dexamethasone treatment of adrenalectomized obese mice for 9 days significantly reduced both the basal and insulin-stimulated uptake of (3H)-2-deoxy-D-glucose in hindlimbs of adrenalectomized mice to levels similar to those of intact ob/ob mice. Five hours after injection of dexamethasone in vivo and following 5 hours of perfusion in vitro there was a 10 percent reduction in basal 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in both groups. In muscles perfused with dexamethasone in vitro, the stimulation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake by insulin was greater than in those muscles perfused with vehicle alone. Five hours of treatment in vivo also resulted in a significant increase in liver tyrosine aminotransferase activity, and a decrease in muscle glycogen synthetase activity ratio. These data suggest that the effect of glucocorticoids on lowering glucose transport in the skeletal muscle of obese ob/ob mice is a direct one.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1988

Cytodifferentiation of the chick pineal gland, with special reference to the photosensory and secretory elements.

Cytodifferentiation of the chick pineal gland throughout the embryonic development was investigated with light and electron microscopy. The chick pineal anlage appears first as a small evagination in the diencephalic roof at 60 h of incubation (27-30 somites). Until day 5 of incubation, pineal anlage cells are undifferentiated and appear similar to ventricular ependymal cells. Subsequently, pinealocytes and supporting cells are first distinguishable at 7-8 days, and parafollicular cells are distinguishable at 12 days of incubation. Pigment-containing cells after 6 days and nerve cells after 17 days of incubation gradually increase, especially in the posterior wall of the pineal recess. During embryonic development, the chick pineal gland has both photosensory and secretory elements: viz. the former, mitochondria-laden apical protrusions, synaptic ribbons, lamellar whorl-like cilia of the pinealocytes, and adjacent appearance of the pigment-containing cells and the nerve cells; and the latter, dense-cored vesicles of the pinealocytes and dense bodies of the supporting cells. Moreover, nuclear invaginations having a large lipid droplet nearby and some aggregations of glycogen are found in the pinealocytes and are transitory changes in structure restricted to certain days of incubation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A kinetic study of chlorpromazine on the hyperglycemic response in rats. I. Effect of chlorpromazine on plasma catecholamines.

The effect of chlorpromazine (0.5 and 4 mg/kg) on plasma catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) concentrations was investigated in rats. After an i.v. bolus administration of chlorpromazine, plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations showed a dose dependent increase. In order to clarify the pharmacokinetics of catecholamines in plasma, i.v. infusion of adrenaline or noradrenaline was also carried out. Plasma catecholamines after i.v. infusion showed typical characteristics of a one compartment model with a zero order production rate of endogenous catecholamines. From the data observed, a mathematical model was constructed to elucidate the relationship between the pharmacokinetics (brain concentrations) and the pharmacologic effect (plasma catecholamines concentrations) of chlorpromazine in rats. The results indicated that the time courses of plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations after an i.v. administration of chlorpromazine were described reasonably well by a simple pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Anterior pituitary cell antibodies detected in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease.

An immunofluorescence study using unfixed cryostat sections of rat pituitary glands was carried out on sera from 34 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 28 patients with Graves' disease, 10 patients with thyroid adenoma and 50 healthy subjects. After absorption of sera with rat liver tissues, 19 of 34 patients retained reactivity to anterior pituitary cell antibodies (PCA, 55.8%). On the other hand, immunofluorescence in anterior pituitary cells was faint and detected in only 2 of 28 patients with Graves' disease (7.1%) after absorption of their sera with rat liver aceton powder. A similar result was also obtained when PCA were compared in the sera of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease with high titers of thyroid microsomal autoantibodies. PCA were detected neither in the sera of patients with thyroid adenoma nor in the healthy subjects. The present study suggests that PCA were considerably more prevalent in Hashimoto's thyroiditis than in Graves' disease.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1987

Prostaglandin synthesis by murine salivary glands.

When submandibular-gland homogenate was incubated with radioactive arachidonic acid, three radioactive metabolites were detected by thin-layer chromatography; these were identical with the prostaglandins (PG) PGE2, PGF2 alpha and PGI2. Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and PGD2 were not found. The major cyclo-oxygenase products of the parotid and sublingual glands were also PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and PGI2. The PGE2 and PGI2 synthetic activities of the submandibular gland were the highest of any tissue examined. This PGI2 activity was about 1.5 times higher in male than in female mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of OU-1308 on uterine motility in pregnant rats and monkeys].

Effect of OU-1308 (17s, 20-dimethyl-6-oxo-prostaglandin E1 methyl ester) on uterine motility in anesthetized rats and monkeys was examined by means of the balloon catheter or open-end catheter method and compared with that of PGF2 alpha. OU-1308 and PGE2 alpha exhibited uterine contractile activity at the dose of 30 micrograms/kg, i.v., on day 8 of pregnancy and 10 micrograms/kg, i.v., on day 20 of pregnancy in rats. In monkeys on day 50 approximately 120 of pregnancy, both compounds enhanced uterine motility at 10 micrograms/kg, i.v. Intragastric administration of OU-1308 at 500 micrograms/kg, however, was without effect in monkeys. These results indicate that when administered intravenously, OU-1308 was as potent as PGF2 alpha in terms of uterine contractile activity in pregnant rats and monkeys.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[Usefulness of caerulein in suppressing post-TAE complications of the gallbladder].

While transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (TAE) has been extensively performed as a form of treatment for nonresectable malignant hepatic tumors, complications, such as abdominal pain, fever or leukocytosis due to gallbladder infarction by embolic materials frequently occur and have not yet been overcome. We devised a new procedure for reducing the incidence of gallbladder infarction by administering caerulein prior to TAE. Between 1984 and 1986, 63 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were treated by TAE with the use of Gelfoam. These patients were divided into 3 groups. Fourteen patients underwent TAE in which the tip of the catheter was placed in the right hepatic artery distal to the origin of the cystic artery (group A). In the other patients the tip of the catheter was placed proximal to the origin of the cystic artery; 40 patients were not treated by caerulein (group B); 9 patients were administered caerulein 20 micrograms intramuscularly 15 to 30 minutes prior to TAE. The incidence of complications after TAE, such as abdominal pain, fever over 38 degrees C, leukocytosis and ultrasonographical abnormalities of the gallbladder was compared in these 3 groups. The results showed that in group C (TAE after administration of caerulein), the incidence of complications was significantly decreased compared with group B(TAE without caerulein). The authors suggest that post-TAE infarction of the gallbladder is effectively diminished by contracting it with caerulein.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗