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Biomedical subjects

K Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to K Ohno.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Fundamental and clinical studies of long acting amoxicillin granules in oral and maxillofacial surgery infections].

Long acting amoxicillin granules (L-AMPC), a newly developed presentation of amoxicillin (AMPC), maintains an effective blood level for an extended period. The following results were obtained from fundamental and clinical studies of L-AMPC. Serum and gingiva levels of AMPC were measured in 5 patients at 2 (Patient 1), 3 (Patient 2), 4 (Patient 3), 5 (Patient 4) and 6 (Patient 5) hours. Serum levels were 4.1, 5.2, 3.0, 1.7 micrograms/ml and 1.2 micrograms/ml respectively, and gingiva levels were 1.3, 2.6, 2.1, 1.1 micrograms/g and 1.1 micrograms/g respectively. Twenty-five patients with oral and maxillofacial infections containing maxillary or mandibular osteitis were treated with L-AMPC. Clinical efficacy was assessed according to the criteria of numerical judgement established by the Japanese Society of Oral Surgery (1973) and also by the global evaluation of the clinician. In numerical judgement there were 1 excellent case, 19 good cases and 5 poor cases (efficacy ratio; 80%). The clinician's assessment was 4 excellent cases, 17 good cases, 3 fair cases and 1 poor case (84%). Although 2 slight side effects, diarrhea and black hairy tongue were observed, both treatments were completed without problem. L-AMPC therapy (b.i.d.) showed good prolonged tissue levels and satisfactory clinical results.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of the removal of the COOH-terminal region of bacteriorhodopsin on its light-induced H+ changes.

Removal of the COOH-terminal region of bacteriorhodopsin by digestion with trypsin or papain reduces the yield of light-induced H+ release by 50-70%. The rate of H+ release is not affected significantly, but the half time of H+ uptake increases almost twofold. However, there is no effect on the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin as judged by the yield and decay kinetics of the M412 photointermediate. The H+:M ratio in enzyme-digested membranes is approximately 0.4-0.8, whereas untreated membranes have a H+:M ratio of approximately 2. Purple membrane sheets stored in distilled water at 4 degrees C for prolonged periods also have a low H+:M ratio, probably due to protease activity associated with bacterial contamination. Electrophoresis on sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gels showed that both the enzyme-treated and the stored purple membrane samples have a higher electrophoretic mobility compared to the fresh preparation. The reduction in molecular weight can be accounted for by the loss of several residues from the COOH-terminal portion of the bacteriorhodopsin. We propose that the COOH-terminal region is partially responsible for the high yield of H+ release by the purple membrane.

Bacteriorhodopsins↗
PubMed1982

Net adenosine triphosphate synthesis driven by an external electric field in rat liver mitochondria.

Rat liver mitochondria irradiated with external electric pulses (760 V/cm, 30 ms, rectangular) catalyzed net ATP synthesis of 0.055 nmol/mg protein/pulse. The amount of ATP synthesized increased on increasing the number, voltage and duration of the electric pulses. There was no apparent threshold voltage or duration for ATP synthesis in the ranges tested (0-760 V/cm and 0.05-30 ms). The energy applied to the mitochondrial membrane within a much shorter time than the turnover time of H+-ATPase must be stored in the membrane until it is utilized for ATP synthesis. Synthesis of ATP was inhibited by the specific H+-ATPase inhibitor aurovertin and by high concentrations of uncouplers. The energy transfer inhibitors oligomycin and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide had no effect on synthesis of ATP in mitochondria by electric pulses, but inhibited oxidative phosphorylation under the same conditions. In contrast to the pulse-driven ATP synthesis in subchloroplast particles, that in intact mitochondria required hexokinase-glucose, higher ADP concentration, lower osmolarity and protection against the pH effect of the electrodes.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1982

Drug entry into and distribution within brain and cerebrospinal fluid: [14C]urea pharmacokinetics.

A four-compartment model was derived to analyze drug exchange among cerebral capillary plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the brain extracellular and intracellular (or bound) compartments. Equations that were derived incorporated the factor of cerebral blood flow. They were fit by nonlinear least squares to measured brain, plasma, and CSF (when available) concentrations of [14C]urea in the rat, in response to a step increase in plasma concentration, to intravenous infusion, or to a bolus injection of tracer. Best-fit values for the transfer constants were consistent among the three administrative regimens and agreed with published values, when available. Expressions also were derived and numerically evaluated for the lower limit of the brain extracellular space, for half times of brain [14C]urea uptake, and for the steady-state brain/plasma distribution volume. The model should make it possible to use transfer constants obtained for a given drug from one study (e.g., constant plasma concentration) to predict brain concentrations from measured plasma concentrations in other acute or chronic studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical evaluation of amoxicillin sustained-release preparation in urinary tract infection].

C-AMOX, a new prolonged acting preparation of amoxicillin was administered to 122 cases by oral administration of daily dosage 500 mg twice. Clinical effectiveness of C-AMOX was evaluated in 115 out of 122 cases (acute simple cystitis 87 cases, acute pyelonephritis 6 cases, complicated urinary tract infection 19 cases and others 3 cases), and the following results were obtained. 1. The clinical effect for 87 cases of acute simple cystitis was excellent in 54 cases (62%), moderate in 24 cases (27.6%) and poor 9 cases (10.3%), overall effective rate being 89.7%. 2. The clinical effect for 19 cases of complicated urinary tract infection was excellent in 6 cases (31.6%), good 8 cases (42.1%) and poor 5 cases (26.3%), overall effective rate being 73.7%. 3. Adverse reaction occurred in 2 patients, one gastric discomfort and the other one slight diarrhoea. No laboratory abnormalities attributable to C-AMOX were observed in the present study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A new surgical treatment of moyamoya disease in children: a preliminary report.

A new operative method, encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis, for the surgical treatment of pediatric moyamoya disease has been developed. The rationale of the operation is to help promote the natural tendency of this disease to develop cerebrovascular collaterals. The method is to transplant a scalp artery with a strip of galea, leaving the distal as well as the proximal arteries intact, to a narrow linear dural opening made under an osteoplastic craniotomy. A representative case is described and the operative procedure is outlined. Our new method is compared with other surgical treatments of this disease.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1981

Frequency of tuberous sclerosis in San-in district (Japan) and birth weight of patients with tuberous sclerosis.

Fifty-two patients with tuberous sclerosis including 44 propositi were collected from 11 hospitals and 20 institutions in the San-in district. Of the 52 patients 44 were alive at the time of the study and the prevalence of tuberous sclerosis among the general population of the San-in district in October 1979 was estimated to be one in 31,000 (3.2 x 10(-5)), which was the highest value among the surveys in certain geographical areas. The frequency of tuberous sclerosis in live-births was estimated to be one in 24,000 (4.0 x 10(-5)). The frequency of the sporadic cases in live-births was one in 31,000 (3.2 X 10(-5) and the mutation rate was directly estimated to be 1.6 X 10(-5) per gene per generation. A difference between the parental age or birth order of the sporadic cases and those of controls was not detected. The mean birth weight for the tuberous sclerosis group was 2,834 g which was slightly less than the 2,985 g for their normal sibs. The frequency of low birth weight, less than 2,500 g, among the children with tuberous sclerosis was 30% (7/23), which was 4 times that in the general population (P less than 0.005). These facts suggest that the intrauterine growth is affected in a considerable number of the patients.

Adolescent↗