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Biomedical subjects

K Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to K Ohno.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Comparative studies on acute toxicity of glutaraldehyde using young and old rats].

Acute oral toxicity test of glutaraldehyde (GA) was carried out in young (5-6W) and old (57-60W) Wistar/ST rats. Experiment 1: Various doses of GA were administered by gavage. After 30 minutes, the rats showed abnormal gait, then took an abdominal or lateral position after 4 hours. Gross erosion, discoloration and thickening of the glandular stomach mucosa and hyperemia of the liver, intestine and lung were observed in the dead rats. The LD50 values were 283 mg/kg for young rats and 141 mg/kg for old rats. Experiment 2: One half of the LD50 doses (140 mg/kg and 70 mg/kg of GA) were administered to young and old rats by gavage, respectively. Both groups showed a similar toxicity. Organ weights were not changed. In gross findings, erosion, discoloration and thickening of the glandular stomach mucosa were observed on day 1-7, but these damages were recovered by day 14. Histopathologically, atrophy, degeneration, necrosis, hemorrhage, edema and cell infiltration of the glandular stomach mucosa were found on day 1. Recovery from these changes was observed from day 3. Changes in several serum enzyme activities were observed on day 1-3. Therefore, susceptibility to the acute toxic effect of GA was higher in old rats than in young rats. However, no apparent differences were observed in the toxic profiles by GA between young and old rats.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Marked growth of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation: case report and review of the literature.

A case demonstrating the marked growth of an angiographically occult arteriovenous malformation is presented. A review of 58 cases in which an increase in the size of an arteriovenous malformation occurred suggested that the patient's initial age may have had an important role in such growth and that both the age and the duration of follow-up were related to the extent of growth. Follow-up neuroradiological examinations are thought to be necessary for patients who have had an episode of intracranial hemorrhage of unknown cause during childhood, even if the initial angiograms revealed no vascular lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical application of subtraction CT imaging for evaluation of pulmonary vascular permeability].

In this clinical study, one normal subject, one patient with primary interstitial pneumonia, one patient with segmental pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus, one patient with post-operative esophageal carcinoma, and two patients with mitral stenosis were studied. Dynamic CT scan images under continuous injection of low osmotic contrast medium were analyzed in series, in an attempt to evaluate vascular permeability quantitatively. The following results were obtained: 1) Subtraction CT scan image 10 minutes after the start of contrast medium injection in two patients with pneumonia, showed a reduction of pulmonary vascular permeability following therapy. 2) Subtraction CT scan image of the patient with post-operative esophageal carcinoma treated with 25 Gy radiation showed a discrepancy between pulmonary vascular permeability and other findings. 3) In hemodynamically stable patients with mitral stenosis, subtraction CT images demonstrated that pulmonary vascular permeability was not affected by pulmonary congestion, irrespective of its severity.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Cefepime in the treatment of patients with surgical infections].

Between March 1988 and June 1990, we gave cefepime to 5 subjects after surgery and studied the pharmacokinetics of the drug. In the same period, we treated 23 patients with surgical infections with the same drug and evaluated its clinical efficacy. In the pharmacokinetic study, 1 g was given intravenously to each individual over a 30 minutes period. The peak levels in the plasma, 59.9-118 micrograms/ml, were obtained at around the end of this time. The peak levels in the bile, 7.1-28.2 micrograms/ml, were reached at 1-5 hours after administration, depending on the patient. At hours 5 and 6, the range of plasma concentration was 3.7-12.3 micrograms/ml. In the 22 patients with surgical infections, clinical efficacy of the drug was excellent in 12, good in 5, fair in 1, and poor in 4, with an overall efficacy rate of 77%. The bacteriological response was evaluated in the 16 patients for whom the species of the probable causative organisms were identified. Those bacteria were eradicated in 10 patients, decreased in 3, and were persisted in 3, with an eradication rate of 63%. Against 5 strains of Escherichia coli isolated, the highest MIC was 0.05 micrograms/ml, and against 2 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated, the MIC was 1.56 micrograms/ml, so this drug should be highly effective toward these species. Three strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated, one of which was resistant to methicillin. It was not eradicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Detection of platelet mitochondrial DNA deletions in Kearns-Sayre syndrome.

To establish a noninvasive genetic diagnosing method for Kearns-Sayre syndrome, the authors used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for detecting mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions in the platelets and directly sequenced the crossover regions of the deleted mtDNA using the fluorescence-based automated sequencing system. The mtDNA deletions were identified in the platelets of three of four patients. The sizes and locations of deletions were determined by the nesting primer PCR method, in which the primary PCR products derived from deleted mtDNAs undergo reamplification using a series of nesting primers. With the fluorescence-based sequencing of templates amplified by the asymmetric PCR method, deleted mtDNA was sequenced directly without cloning. In patient 1, guanine (G) was found at the boundaries of a deleted segment spanning 8400 base pairs (bp) between the CO1 and ND6 genes. In patient 2, a 9-bp directly repeated sequence of 5'-ACCTCCCTC-3' (where A = adenine, C = cytosine, and T = thymine) was found at the boundaries of a deleted segment spanning 7221 bp between the CO1 and ND5 genes. In patient 3, an 8-bp sequence of 5'-TCGCTGTC-3' was found at the boundaries of a deleted segment spanning 4664 bp between the ATPase6 and ND5 genes. Deletions were not detected in the mtDNA of patient 4 or in that of the mothers of the patients. Previously, the genetic diagnosis of this syndrome required muscle biopsy specimens and the use of Southern blot analysis. However, this method requires neither muscle biopsy nor isotopes and is more rapid than the Southern blot method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical evaluation of intra-operative pelvic hyperthermochemotherapy combined with operation for rectal cancer].

In order to prevent local recurrence, intra-operative pelvic hyperthermochemotherapy (IOPHC) combined with surgery for rectal cancer has been performed. In this study, we evaluated the clinical effect of IOPHC in 20 patients who were given IOPHC, compared with 13 patients who underwent curative surgery without IOPHC (control group). The IOPHC procedure was as follows: After rectal amputation, the pelvic cavity was filled with a physiological saline containing 40 micrograms/ml of MMC. Then, the physiological saline was warmed and maintained by the apparatus (heater) we devised at 45 degrees C for 90 minutes. Local recurrence occurred in 2 cases of IOPHC group (2/20:10.0%), and in 3 cases in the control group (3/13:23.1%). On the other hand, distant metastases developed approximately at the same rate in the IOPHC group (4/20:20.0%) and control group (2/13:15.4%). Thus, IOPHC is a feasible approach to reduce local recurrence of rectal cancer.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1991

Two year longitudinal study of the fluctuation of clinical signs of TMJ dysfunction in Japanese adolescents.

Signs of TMJ dysfunction syndrome were monitored longitudinally from the age of 12 to 14 years in 160 junior high students and 15 to 17 years in 480 senior high school students. Thirty-one percent of the junior high school students and 39.6% of the senior high school students presented with one or multiple signs of TMJ dysfunction syndrome at least once during the examination period. The percentage of subjects presenting continuously with one or multiple signs at all examinations was 8.9% among junior high school students and 12.9% among senior high school students. The predominant sign in the subjects, who continuously presented with one or multiple signs of TMJ dysfunction syndrome was TMJ sounds. The number of subjects presenting with TMJ clinical signs for the first time at the third examination (third year student) was high compared to the other examinations. When intra-individual longitudinal results were examined in subjects, who at least once during the examination period presented with one or multiple signs of TMJ dysfunction syndrome was found to be high (75.0% among junior high school students and 86.5% among senior high school students). In the subjects presenting with one or multiple signs of TMJ dysfunction syndrome continuously over the two year period, the percentage of subjects, who at least once presented with multiple signs was 90.9% among junior high school students and 22.0% among senior high school students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Identification of a possible control element, Mt5, in the major noncoding region of mitochondrial DNA by intraspecific nucleotide conservation.

Nucleotide sequences throughout the whole major noncoding region of mitochondrial DNA of 18 subjects were determined. Previously identified control elements were classified into three groups according to the degree of intraspecific nucleotide conservations: strictly conserved elements (LSP, HSP, Mt3, Mt3 on H-strand, mtTF1-element for HSP), relatively conserved elements (CSB-III, Mt4 on H-strand, and mtTF1-element for LSP), and variable elements (TAS, CSB-I, CSB-II). Moreover, alignment of nucleotide conservations disclosed a stretch of conserved sequence (5'-ATGCTTACAAGCAAG-3', nucleotide number 16, 194-16,208, designated as Mt5 element) in the middle of the hypervariable segment. Nucleotide conservation of this element was not only intraspecific but also interspecific.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[Detection of deletions in platelet mitochondrial DNA in Kearns-Sayre syndrome using polymerase chain reaction].

Kearns-Sayre syndrome has been genetically diagnosed by detecting deleted mitochondrial DNA in muscle biopsy specimen using the Southern blot method. However, deleted mitochondrial DNA cannot be detected in the blood by this method. With the limited availability of muscle biopsy specimens in mind, we attempted to establish a noninvasive genetic diagnostic method for this syndrome. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed for detecting mitochondrial DNA deletions in platelets at levels below the sensitivity of Southern blotting. We selected several pairs of oligonucleotide primers, considering the regions of predilection for deletion in this syndrome, and identified mitochondrial DNA deletions in platelets in three of four patients. The size and the locations of the deletions were determined by the nesting primer PCR method, in which the primary PCR products derived from deleted mitochondrial DNAs were subjected for reamplification using a series of nesting primers. By this method, it was possible to determine whether the products retained a complementary site for each primer. Patient 1 had an 8.3-kb deletion starting within the CO1 gene and ending within the Cyt b gene. Patient 2 had a 7.2-kb deletion starting within the CO1 gene and ending within the ND5 gene. Patient 3 had a 4.7-kb deletion starting within the ATPase6 or the CO3 gene and ending within the ND5 gene. Deletions were detected neither in Patient 4 nor in three mothers of four patients. These results indicate that the present method is useful for noninvasive genetic diagnosis of Kearns-Sayre syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[A case report of extended thymectomy in an elderly patient with myasthenia gravis associated with Hashimoto's disease].

We experienced a case of late-onset myasthenia gravis associated with Hashimoto's disease. A 74-year-old female with chief complaints of extremities acratia and hypohidrosis was diagnosed as having myasthenia gravis by the Tensilon test. In addition severe hypothyroidism was noted, and histological examination of a thyroid biopsy revealed Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Extended thymectomy was carried out, and the postoperative course was uneventful due to administration of an anti-ChE drug and a thyroid hormone. This case is extremely rare because only 10 patients with late-onset (over 70 years old) myasthenia gravis have been reported in the literature in Japan, and only three of them were associated with Hashimoto's disease. It was suggested that, in cases of myasthenia gravis in elderly patients, we should take into consideration radical therapy including thymectomy as a positive approach to treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Myoglobinuria caused by multiple deletions of mitochondrial DNA].

We report two brothers with inherited recurrent myoglobinuria associated with distinct morphological abnormalities of muscle mitochondria and multiple deletions of muscle mitochondrial DNA. Patient 1 (26 years old) and Patient 2 (21 years old) had recurrent episodes of myoglobinuria provoked by strenuous exercise or alcohol intake. Histochemistry of their biopsied limb muscles showed ragged-red fibers and cytochrome c oxidase-negative fibers as well as degenerating and regenerating fibers. Electron microscopy showed a pronounced accumulation of abnormal mitochondria containing paracrystalline inclusions and moderate increases of glycogen particles. Southern blot analysis revealed multiple deletions of mitochondrial DNA, some of which were common to both patients. By the primer shift polymerase chain reaction method, we detected multiple abnormal fragments indicating mitochondrial DNA deletions. Nucleotide sequencing of the deleted regions disclosed directly repeated sequences of 1 to 12 bp on each side of the deletions. Since the end points of mitochondrial DNA deletions were within 20 bp of the major non-coding region, probable mutations in this region contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions found in these patients. We propose that a defect of the mitochondrial energy-transducing system due to multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions is a novel genetic cause of inherited recurrent myoglobinuria.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[Left lower sleeve lobectomy for tuberculous stenosis of left main bronchus--a case report].

A 35-year-old women complained exertional dyspnea during medication therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. Thoracotomy was done under the diagnosis of stenosis of the left main bronchus and of obstruction of the left lower bronchus due to bronchial tuberculosis. The collapsed inferior lobe of the left lung with fibrotic change was resected. The left main bronchus was completely resected without only one cartilage ring nearest to the carina. The anastomosis of the left main bronchus end was performed to the end of the left lower lobe bronchus. This procedure of anastomosis is considered to be technically difficult for anatomical views, and its reports have been few. From our experience this operation can be performed safely by following modifications, 1) Botallo ligament was detached to obtain a wide operative filed for the end to end anastomosis of bronchus, 2) by taping of the trachea and the right main bronchus and applying traction by the tape, bronchial anastomosis was performed under direct view with great facility, and 3) omentopexy was added to prevent the suture insufficiency of the anastomosis.

Adult↗