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Biomedical subjects

K Ohmori

Publications and source records attributed to K Ohmori.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Effect of zaldaride maleate, an antidiarrheal compound, on visceral pain reflex induced by small intestinal distention in anesthetized rats.

Using distention of the small intestine as a visceral pain model, we investigated the effect of zaldaride maleate (ZAL), a selective inhibitor of calmodulin, on the depressor response. In pentobarbital-anesthetized rats, small intestine distention was induced by rapid application of intraluminal pressures of 40 cmH2O causing a reflex fall in arterial blood pressure. The depressor response to intestinal distention was abolished by intraperitoneal administration of capsaicin (5 mg/rat), which depletes neuropeptides such as substance P from the sensory neurons, on the mesenteric stalk and by neonatal pretreatment with capsaicin (50 mg/kg, s.c.). Morphine (20 mg/kg, s.c.) reduced the depressor response following intestinal distention. At doses of 3 mg/kg (i.v.) and higher, ZAL significantly reduced depressor response. The effect of morphine was reversed by naloxone (5 mg/kg, i.v.); the effect of ZAL was not affected. These results suggest that ZAL helps reduce the visceral pain induced by noxious stimulus and that the antinociceptive effect of ZAL is not mediated by opioid receptors.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1999

Antidiarrheal effects of zaldaride maleate after oral, intravenous and subcutaneous administration to rats.

The antidiarrheal action of zaldaride maleate (ZAL) after oral, intravenous and subcutaneous administration was examined to determine whether ZAL acts systemically or locally in the intestine of rats. Oral administration of ZAL inhibited castor oil- and 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2-induced diarrhea; however, intravenous or subcutaneous administration of ZAL was ineffective. When ZAL was orally administered, the area under the plasma concentration time curve of the compound was lower than that of ZAL following intravenous or subcutaneous administration at the maximum doses studied. The antidiarrheal effect of ZAL was not dependent on its plasma concentration level. These results suggest that ZAL acts locally in the intestinal tract in rats.

16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2↗
PubMed1999

Delayed vertebral slip and adjacent disc degeneration with an isthmic defect of the fifth lumbar vertebra.

We reviewed the radiographs of 325 unselected patients with defects in the pars interarticularis of L5 to study whether the incidence of vertebral slip in spondylolysis of L5 remained unchanged after the age of 20 years. MRI was also carried out on 111 of the patients to investigate the relationship between the shape of the transverse process of L5 and the degeneration of the discs adjacent to this level. The incidence of spondylolisthesis increased with age from 17% in the second decade to 51% in the sixth. The transverse process was significantly more slender in patients with less degeneration at L4/5 and advanced degeneration at L5/S1 than in patients with advanced degeneration at L4/5 and less degeneration at L5/S1. Vertebral slip secondary to an isthmic defect of L5 after the age of 20 years was confirmed and the adjacent disc degeneration was significantly related to the vertical thickness of the transverse process of L5.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Malignant intravascular lymphomatosis associated with venous stenosis. Case report.

This 55-year-old man presented with malignant intravascular lymphomatosis, a rare vascular disorder of the central nervous system characterized by proliferation of malignant lymphoma cells. The clinical manifestations were focal neurological signs and progressive dementia. Angiography demonstrated stenoses of the cortical veins. Postmortem examination revealed infiltration of tumor cells into the lumen and vascular wall, although the stenoses were caused primarily by fibrin thrombi. To the authors' knowledge this is the first case of malignant intravascular lymphomatosis associated with venous stenosis.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed1999

TMC-66, a new endothelin converting enzyme inhibitor produced by Streptomyces sp. A5008.

A new endothelin converting enzyme (ECE) inhibitor, TMC-66 was isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. A5008. The structure of TMC-66 was elucidated by spectroscopic analyses to be a new member of benzo[a]naphthacenequinone class of antibiotics. TMC-66 had a highly selective inhibitory activity for ECE with an IC50 value of 2.9 microM. Taxonomy of the producing strain is also described.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[A case of retroperitoneal teratoma in an adult resembling adrenal tumors].

A retroperitoneal teratoma arising from the vicinity of the upper pole of the right kidney in a 61-year-old woman is described. Computed tomographic (CT) scan showed well marginated fat density mass with calcification. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on T1 weighted image and T2 weighted image showed a high-intensity mass above the upper pole of the right kidney. Needle biopsy under computed tomography was performed, but no specimen was obtained. The preoperative diagnosis was retroperitoneal teratoma or right adrenal myelolipoma. The tumor was resected and the histological diagnosis was benign retroperitoneal cystic teratoma.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1999

[A case of pheochromocytoma detected by hypertensive crisis immediately after drip infusion urography].

We report a rare case of a 60-year-old man with a pheochromocytoma detected by a hypertensive crisis immediately after drip infusion urography. The patient initially consulted our hospital complaining of dysuria. He underwent a drip infusion urography and experienced a hypertensive crisis. The next day he was diagnosed with paralytic ileus. An endocrinological examination, abdominal computed tomography and 123I-metaiodobenzyl-guanidine scintigraphy revealed a pheochromocytoma. The tumor mass was removed, and immediately his blood pressure became normal and the paralytic ileus improved; however, temporary postoperative hypoglycemia was seen. Frequent monitoring of his blood glucose and the administration of an appropriate solution of dextrose, both during and after the operation, were recommended.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

The composition of the depressive syndrome in acute schizophrenia.

The composition of the depressive syndrome was examined at both the acute and chronic phases of schizophrenic illness in 86 newly admitted patients. A subgroup with pronounced depression was defined, and a discriminant analysis was performed using symptoms from the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) as discriminant variables. At the acute phase, the following nine symptoms from the HRSD were significant: depressed mood, guilt, suicide, retardation, three types of insomnia, and two somatic symptoms. At the chronic stable phase, only four symptoms were significant: depressed mood, suicide, general somatic symptoms, and loss of weight. Initial insomnia, middle insomnia, genital symptoms, and loss of insight were poorly correlated. The positive and negative symptoms and extrapyramidal side-effects were not discriminators at either phase. These findings suggest that only certain items from the HRSD may be crucial when assessing depression in schizophrenia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Detection of tumor promoters by early antigen expression of EB virus in Raji cells using a fluorescence microplate-reader.

As an in vitro assay for possible tumor promoters, we designed a quantitative immunofluorometric method to detect Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) expression in Raji cells. In this method, anti-EBV-EA monoclonal antibody, a fluorogenic substrate and a fluorescence microtiterplate-reader were employed. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was shown to be a potent inducer. EBV-EA induction by TPA was related to the activation of protein kinase C and phospholipase A2. The chemicals that reacted positively were okadaic acid, diethylstilbestrol, progesterone, sodium phenobarbital, aldrin and dieldrin. Lithocholic acid, testosterone and DDT were equivocal in the present experiments. Eight other chemicals tested did not react.

Acetophenones↗
PubMed1998

Significance of sciatic scoliotic list in operated patients with lumbar disc herniation.

STUDY DESIGN: The authors retrospectively reviewed the relation between the location of disc herniation and pre- and postoperative changes in sciatic scoliotic list in 40 patients with surgically confirmed lumbar disc herniation who had sciatic scoliotic list with postoperative recovery. Clinical factors associated with scoliosis also were included. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the significance and pathomechanism of sciatic scoliotic list. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The proposed causes of lumbar sciatic scoliosis mainly imply an alleviation of nerve root irritation in relation to the anatomic location of disc herniation relative to the nerve root. METHODS: The pre- and postoperative serial Cobb angle between L1 and L5 in anteroposterior lumbar radiographs in the standing position were measured. The relation between the convex side of scoliosis and clinical parameters in terms of the side of symptoms, age, gender, duration of low back pain or leg pain, the angle of a positive straight leg raising test, and the time required for recovery of sciatic scoliosis were investigated. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging also was performed in five recent cases from 40 patients. RESULTS: The average Cobb angle decreased from 10.7 degrees to 2.7 degrees within an average of 7.5 months after surgery. The preoperative Cobb angle of patients with disc herniation medial to the nerve root was significantly higher than that just beneath or lateral to the nerve root. Thirty-two of 40 patients (80.0%) had a lumbar disc herniation at the convex side of scoliosis, irrespective of the transverse location of the herniation. The time required for scoliosis disappearance in disc herniation located lateral to the nerve root tended to be longer than that for other types of disc herniation. Magnetic resonance imaging through the paramedian planes showed enlargement of the intervertebral foramen at the convex side of scoliosis, compared with that at the concave side in five recent cases from the current study. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that sciatic scoliotic list is not a predictive factor of the anatomic location of disc herniation; rather, it is only suggestive of the side of disc herniation. The location of disc herniation may aide in the preoperative estimation of the recovery of the scoliosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Cystic spinal cord tumors: magnetic resonance imaging correlated to histopathological findings.

We report the characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cystic intradural extramedullary spinal cord tumors (cystic neurilemmoma, epidermoid cyst, and enterogenous cyst). T1-weighted MRI enhanced with gadolinium-DTPA clearly demonstrated the rim morphology of these tumors. The comparison between the rim enhancement pattern and histopathological findings offered possible qualitative diagnosis of these cystic spinal cord tumors by MRI.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the pancreas with metastases to gallbladder and lymph nodes. A case report.

Osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the pancreas (OGTP) is a rare neoplasm, of which the histogenesis is still controversial. Here we report a case of OGTP involving the head of the pancreas in a 71-year-old woman with metastases to the gallbladder and lymph nodes. The primary and metastatic tumors had identical histopathological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and molecular biological features. Microscopically, the tumors were characterized by atypical, often pleomorphic mononuclear cells associated with the proliferation of benign-appearing osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs). Electron microscopic observation provided ultrastructural evidence of epithelial differentiation of the mononuclear cells, including microvilli and desmosomes, which was not obtained for OGCs. On immunohistochemical study, OGCs stained for CD68 (KP-1), LCA and HAM56, whereas mononuclear cells only reacted with PCNA. These findings clearly suggest that mononuclear cells are capable of differentiation and proliferation and may have been the only true tumor cells in this neoplasm, and that OGCs may have been a paraneoplastic product of this rare tumor. On examination of DNA from dewaxed sections of the tumor, we found no p53 mutation in the tumor tissue, but found two K-ras mutations in codon 12; this pattern of mutation commonly occurs in pancreatic carcinoma, indicating a somewhat genetic relationship of OGTP to pancreatic carcinoma. Although OGTP often has a favorable prognosis, the outcome in the present case was poor due to early tumor spread, with less than two years postoperative survival.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of dynamic changes in microvascular flow during ischemia-reperfusion by myocardial contrast echocardiography.

BACKGROUND: Dynamic changes of myocardial blood flow have been observed after reperfusion of an occluded coronary artery. MCE performed by intracoronary contrast injection can provide an estimate of microvascular flow. We hypothesized that MCE performed using intravenous infusion of a new generation contrast agent and electrocardiogram-gated harmonic imaging would be able to assess serial changes of microvascular perfusion. OBJECTIVE: To study the potential of myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) to assess serial changes of microvascular flow during ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS: Sixteen dogs underwent 90 or 180 min of left anterior descending coronary occlusion, followed by 180 min of reperfusion. Regional blood flow (RBF) was measured with fluorescent microspheres at baseline, during coronary occlusion, and at 5, 30, 90, and 180 min during reperfusion. At the same time points, MCE was performed with intravenous infusion of AF0150 (4 mg/min). Gated end-systolic images in short axis were acquired in harmonic mode and digitized on-line. Background-subtracted videointensity measured from MCE and RBF obtained from fluorescent microspheres were calculated for the risk area and for a control area, and were expressed as the ratio of the two areas. RESULTS: After initial hyperemia, a progressive reduction in flow was observed during reperfusion. MCE correctly detected the time course of changes in flow during occlusion-reperfusion. Videointensity ratio significantly correlated with RBF data (r=0.79; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The progressive reduction in blood flow occurring within the postischemic microcirculation was accurately detected by MCE. This approach has potential application in the evaluation and management of postischemic reperfusion in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Erdosteine enhances mucociliary clearance in rats with and without airway inflammation.

Erdosteine is a new homocysteine-derived expectorant and has been reported to have many mucolytic effects. In this report, we studied the activities of erdosteine on mucociliary clearance in normal and airway-inflammation-induced rats. In normal rats, erdosteine at doses of 100-600 mg/kg significantly promoted mucociliary clearance. However, erdosteine did not change the concentrations of mucopolysaccharides in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In the LPS-instillated rats, the mucociliary clearance was inhibited and the number of inflammatory cells, albumin concentration, and mucopolysaccharides concentration in BALF were increased. Erdosteine at doses of 100-600 mg/kg significantly attenuated the inhibition of mucociliary clearance and the increase of inflammatory cells, however, it did not prevent the increase of albumin and mucopolysaccharides. Other mucolytic drugs which are ambroxol and S-carboxymethylcysteine, had no effect. These results indicate that erdosteine promotes the mucociliary clearance in normal and airway-inflammation-induced rats.

Albumins↗
PubMed1998

Scintigraphic evaluation of long-term salivary function after bilateral whole parotid gland irradiation in radiotherapy for head and neck tumour.

In 25 patients with head and neck tumour, in whom bilateral whole parotid glands were totally included in the irradiation volume, parotid gland function was estimated and compared with that of 58 non-irradiated parotid glands in 29 patients, by symptomatic grading and radioisotope (RI) sialography. Sequential follow-up by RI sialography has suggested that if the total dose to the parotid gland is less than 52 Gy or if the time-dose fractionation (TDF) value is less than 80, then partial recovery of salivary function can be expected 1 or 2 years after irradiation, even if patients show severe xerostomia during the first 6 months. Long-term recovery rarely occurs in parotid glands which have been irradiated at doses exceeding 55 Gy or with TDF values of 88 or higher. The 50% complication probability (ED50) was less than 33 Gy for subacute xerostomia during the first 6 months and 52.5 Gy for chronic xerostomia after 12 months, respectively. Although a prospective study will be required for confirmation, differences between the dose-response curves of xerostomia at subacute and chronic phases suggest a basis in different biological mechanisms.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

In response to the article by R. Leischik et al.: Reproducibility of stress echocardiography using intravenous injection of ultrasound contrast agent (BY963) (see volume 13/5: 387-394)

Many contrast agents will soon be available to the clinicians, but as is evident, contrast echocardiography and the development of agents is still in its infancy. For successful clinical use of contrast echocardiography requires integration of: the development of contrast agents; modifications to ultrasound machines; development and validation of the specific clinical application software.

Analysis of Variance↗